Hodegetria - yintoni na? Icon "Hodegetria"

Eli nqaku liza kuqwalasela: "Hodegetria - ntoni na?" Ngaphezu koko, funda banzi ngemvelaphi ye-icon, kwakunye ukuba kudala lo mfanekiso, nto leyo kaHomer. Qwalasela icon ekhoyo kunye nezintlu kumfanekiso yokuqala.

Hodegetria - yintoni na?

Kwaphuma ngale ndlela? Ngokutsho legend ukuba ekuqaleni yabhalwa ngumpostile uLuka, ngexesha ubomi Virgin. Lo mfanekiso, nto leyo kamva owabizwa ngokuba Hodegetria, kwinkulungwane yesihlanu, wathunyelwa eConstantinople. Ukuze ixesha elide bendinjalo Odegon monastery. Abanye abaphengululi bakholelwa ukuba lo icon uluhlu ku Blachernae. Kulo mfanekiso wokuqala zigcinwe, yaye inxalenye encinane Ingubo yokwaleka ye-Virgin.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwigalari Tretyakov iqulethe omnye omdala kwemifanekiso ezinjalo, leyo ihleli injalo njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphambili. Le icon ke wehla evela Pskov usuku emva ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIII. Ngaphambili, yena waye ibandla St Nicholas ngezikhumba.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba igama lo mfanekiso ilivo yayo. Ngokutsho kwakhe nguMama kaThixo phambi kwabantu ababini abaziimfama kwaye ngandlela ngokuyinqaba wazisa kuye etempileni Blachernae. Kusiwa abaphethwe igama elifanayo icon, kwaye ndabona ukukhanya. Ukususela ngoko, ngale ndlela yaye igama "Hodegetria", bona bubonakala evela lesiGrike njenge "putevoditelnitsa".

Ngokutsho komnye legend, i icon yaba yintsikelelo kumtshato Anne, ngubani na intombi Greek umlawuli Constantine Porfirorodnogo. Emva kohambo olude eRashiya, yaye bafumana igama layo.

"Hodegetria" ku Russia

Ngomhla kwintsimi icon yangoku Russian yawa ethile phakathi lwekhulu XI. Wondle Princess Anne, emva komzuzwana waba ngumfazi Vsevolod Yaroslavich of Chernigov. Lo mfanekiso ngokungummangaliso ekuqaleni yaye ehlonelwa ekhethekileyo kumaKristu. Emva kwethutyana i "Odigitria" icon ye nguMama kaThixo, waba ESmolensk.

Isethi lwezintlu nale icon zanwenwa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kuyo yonke iRussia. Kakade ke, lo mfanekiso unenzondelelo utshintsho ukusukela iconographic ncwadi engqongqo olu hlobo nguMama kaThixo, kwaye akukho namnye Ukumangalela ngqo ikopi zonqulo. Nakuba kunjalo, iimpawu ezifanayo icons basindiswa.

Kuchaphazela ngakumbi nguMama kaThixo e Russia

Ngenxa yoko, i icon "Hodegetria" eRashiya kakhulu zithandwa kunye ezibalulekileyo kakhulu. Ubungqina boku xwebhu zizintlu ezininzi kumfanekiso yokuqala, nto wathengisa ngayo mandulo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iNtombi kukholekileyo kubantu abahlala kule ndawo, njengoko kwiindawo ezininzi kucingwa umxhasi kunye njengomlamli.

rhoqo Very umthandazo onyanisekileyo konga indoda naliphi na ilishwa okanye intlekele. Kule, kukho intabalala ubungqina zombini ngamakhoboka kunye namhlanje.

image Iconography

Icon "Hodegetria" - umfanekiso okhethekileyo Lady yethu. NgesiGrike, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, ukuba "putevoditelnitsa". Le icon kunentsingiselo ekhethekileyo kumaKristu. Ngale ndlela kudla zazibonisa Virgin uMariya kunye Mntwana. isandla sakhe - a ngomnwe bakhombe uNyana (ibekwe phambi esifubeni), kwakunye usindiso lonke uluntu. Le ngongoma kubaluleke kakhulu. Kwelinye icala lasekhohlo Uhleli usana ngokwakhe. Isandla sayo sokhohlo nekuhlala umsongo liqengqiwe, nengalo elungileyo kuvuswa ngendlela ebonisa yentsikelelo. imilenze Baby okanye awela okanye zilungiswe ngqo. UNyana Ngokuqhelekileyo kuboniswe frontally, kodwa maxa wambi ube sisiqingatha-ajika azotywe. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko Ebonisa intsikelelo siyagcinwa. Intombi amaxesha ezotywe etroneni, maxa wambi ngokupheleleyo-ubude okanye esinqeni-nzulu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo mfanekiso sele lwaziwa ixesha elide, ewe phambi kwenkulungwane VI, ePalestina neYiputa. Emva ukuba ngokubanzi kulo lonke East Orthodox. Kwinkulungwane III kukho ukutyhilwa ubufundisi lo mfanekiso, ezizezi utoliko nomzuzu kokufa evela Virgin. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ivela kule ndawo kukho ezintsha, ukuba ezinxulumene ngqo nguMama kaThixo. Oku "Ukutshisa Bush" yaye "udonga inviolable", kunye nabanye abaninzi.

ESmolensk icon - kakhulu ethandwa olu hlobo

Icon "Hodegetria Smolenskaya" kucingwa kwase zonke ezi icon eRashiya. Imbali yawo uhamba emva iinkulungwane, kodwa leyo ethe amavo ukuba kudluliswe ngomlomo emlonyeni. Kukholelwa ukuba luluhlu enye icon yokuqala, leyo lwalupayintiwe yi uMpostile Luke. To Russia Kwathi, njengoko kubhaliwe ngasentla, intombi ka-loMlawuli uConstantine.

Xa wafa Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavovich kunye nomfazi wakhe, uAnna, i icon kwaye esasulela unyana wabo - Vladimir Monomakh. Akavumela umfanekiso ngokungummangaliso ESmolensk niyibeke ibandla Ingqikelelo Virgin. Ukususela ngoko, kwaye iye yaba icon ESmolensk.

Xa inani imisebenzi abazinikeleyo yena kwenye yeendawo zokuqala nabanye abafana naye. Yeyona "uMama kaThixo ESmolensk Hodegetria" ngo-1239 waba ngumsindisi kanti belizwe Russian ukususela ayehlasela abendlu ka Batu Khan.

Ekuqaleni le icon ngenkulungwane XV yafudukela eMoscow wazibeka yesicelo Cathedral of the Annunciation. Emva kwexesha, kwakhona wabuyela endlwini yakhe ESmolensk. Emva koko, lo mfanekiso kodwa wenza kakhulu zokuhamba kunye yokufuduka kwabantu, ingakumbi ngexesha iimfazwe kuloyiso amanyathelo, kodwa babuyela kwilizwe labo. Ngelishwa, emva kokuba iziganeko kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, umfanekiso Isiphelo ayaziwa.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha yakhe nale icon ibhalwe ezininzi izintlu kulo eRashiya. ESmolensk, kwisayithi ye-icon wamandulo eyahlukileyo ngoku, nto leyo eye iipropati imimangaliso. Kucingwa omnye zonqulo ezibalulekileyo belizwe Russian.

Tikhvin icon

On belingana kunye ESmolensk indlela imbeko "Hodegetria of Tikhvin". Lady wethu imbali efanayo elide, apho kwakukho amathuba emangalisayo. Kukholelwa ukuba umfanekiso shwaka eConstantinople emva kokuwa kwayo, yaye emva ngoxa eRashiya kufuphi Tikhvin.

Ngokutsho legend, uMphathi baseConstantinople ngokwakhe wathi lo icon, abefudula owayephakathi kwalo ibandla Blachernae. I Tikhvin umfanekiso weemonki Kananjalo ngendlela efanayo njengoko original ecaweni kweConstantinople. Apho ke igcinwe kude yoonongendi kunye iicawa ziye luqalwe ukuvala lizwe (leSoviet) kuzo.

Kwiminyaka Soviet icon eMelika, kwaye ngo-2004 wabuyela eRashiya, apho waqalisa ukuba zenziwe Tikhvin monastery.

Kazan icon

Enye odumileyo "Virgin Hodegetria" e Kazan. Le icon yaye yaphunyezwa ngo-1579 e Kazan, emva kwabakho umlilo eyoyikekayo kuyo, abatshabalalisa phantse kulendawo lonke. Lo mfanekiso nguMama uThixo wazityhilayo intombazana encinane, wembiwa kwaye i icon ngaphandle eluthuthwini.

ukufunyanwa ngokungummangaliso umfanekiso emva kwentlekele embi wababulala bonke kakhulu kunene. Abantu abaninzi ngelo xesha ukuba niqubude kuyo; wamnika ithemba losindiso (emva phambili kuyabanda, yaye abantu abaninzi esitratweni, abangenamakhaya, kunye nayiphi na ipropati).

Kamva, ngokuyalelwa Ivana Groznogo yakhiwa Kazan Cathedral, yaye ecaleni ibisekwe kwikhaya loonongendi. Imimangaliso baqala ukuba kwenzeka kufuphi icon ngoko nangoko emva ukufunyanwa (ingqiqo ababini abaziimfama).

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i icon yokuqala ayikho, baphulukana ixesha. Noko ke, uluhlu zininzi ekhoyo namhlanje, idume imimangaliso yayo.

Ezinye icons ezaziwayo-kakuhle ezingenamandla ze olu hlobo

Icon "Hodegetria of ESmolensk" Kambe ke, eyona idumileyo phakathi kwabanye yale hlobo. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abantu abaninzi, njengaye. Enye yezi imifanekiso Georgian. Ekuqaleni, yena waye e Georgia, kodwa emva 1622 ethatyathwe kwi wasePersi (kwenzeke kokoyiswa eli lizwe ngu Shah Abbas). uhambo lakhe elide, lwema kummandla Arkhangelsk e Krasnogorsk monastery. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umfanekiso yokuqala ilahlekile, kodwa kukho izintlu naye. Umthandazo phambi kokuba icon kuwenze yokulahla zezifo ezahlukeneyo, kwakunye nokuphilisa izifo indlebe neliso.

Enye, akukho kangako, i icon, nto leyo ibonisa nguMama kaThixo Hodegetria, i Iver. Lo mfanekiso akukho imbali ngaphantsi twisisaka. Kwinkulungwane IX kwakunjalo kwikhaya umfazi abangcwele. Yaba ixesha iinkolelo, waza wagqiba ekubeni ukugcina icon kwintshabalalo, bewuhlisele emanzini olwandle. Icon kwabonakala kwamakhulu amabini kuphela kamva, kufuphi iNtaba iAthos, kufuphi woonongendi Iberia. Ngokuba kuye kwakhiwa isango ibandla, apho umfanekiso igcinwe kwaye nangoku.

Kakade ke, le nto yonke imifanekiso yalo hlobo, ezithi zigcinwe ozukileyo yoonongendi ezininzi neetempile. Abasakwazi ezininzi, yaye zonke amandla zabo ezizodwa nokunika iivoti.

Iitempile, ezo enikelwe umfanekiso 'Hodegetria "

Ekubeni ingqalelo lo mbuzo: "Hodegetria - yintoni" - kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba lo mfanekiso kunxibelelana kwezinye iindawo. Ngokomzekelo, kwizixeko ezininzi zombini eRashiya kunye namanye amazwe, kukho iitempile, leyo zakhiwa imbeko umfanekiso 'Putevoditelnitsa ". Qwalasela uluhlu:

• Church Kimzha na kummandla Arkhangelsk (Akusebenzi);
• Church kwisixeko Disney Belarus (Acting);
• Wena mboni ibandla Hodegetria, aza Simferopol, eCrimea (current);
• Church in levi, kummandla Ryazan na (current).

Kwaye kukho amabandla, Izindlwana neetempile kakhulu inani elikhulu, njengoko ukuhlonelwa Virgin Orthodox Good.

isiphelo

Ngoko uyazi impendulo yalo mbuzo: "Hodegetria - uyintoni na," Kwaye kananjalo malunga nendlela kwakukho olu hlobo iconographic kwaye zeziphi ii icon edumileyo, elingcwele kuye. Iyaqondakala kutheni eRashiya umfanekiso imbeko kunjalo, kuba Virgin ayikho nje ukusindisa abantu Ezimbandezelweni ezahlukahlukeneyo, ukholo aphefumlelweyo kunye nethemba, andiyi kuninika ukuba ningethi amandla.