George Gamow: biography kanye photo

George Gamow - ihlabathi-edumileyo ezisemajukujukwini, sezinto kunye nenzululwazi popularizer. beza Izazinzulu waduma ngoncedo imisebenzi ebhalwe eziphilayo, bathi, physics enyukliya atom, isayensi kunye ubucukubhede quantum.

Le Inzululwazi lokuqala owakwaziyo icacise ingxaki ikhowudi yezofuzo. Kwakhona kucingwa ukuba ngowokuqala ukuza kwingcamango oluninzi lokubola alpha, yaba ngunozala ingcamango "wendalo ashushu".

Ubutsha nobudoda

Gamow George Antonovich wazalwa yesine ngoMatshi 1904 kwisixeko Odessa, kwintsapho lootitshala. unina womntwana wafa kwangoko. Utata wam wayengumfundisi lolwimi Russian kunye neencwadi kwisikolo sengingqi. ookhokho kaGeorge baba amajoni kunye nababingeleli.

Uyise George ukholisekile ukuba unyana wakhe awayezithanda eziphilayo, inzululwazi kunye neenkwenkwezi. Kungenxa yoko le nto George Gamow ngowe-1921 wangena kwiYunivesithi Odessa, ngokukhetha Physics and Mathematics Faculty. Ndakwazi ukufunda nzima nje kuphela, kodwa abahola calculator kwi Observatory ngeenkwenkwezi.

Leningrad University

Ngowe-1922, Gamov Georgiy Antonovich wangena iLeningrad University kwi Physics and Mathematics Faculty. Esi sikolo ngoko ke embindini nenzululwazi abanazo emzimbeni eSoviet Union. Ebomini kufuneka imali, izazinzulu elizayo kangaka ukufumana umsebenzi waba mkhanyo kwisikhululo yemozulu.

NgoSeptemba 1923, waba yintloko Field zokudubula Meteorological Observatory yesikolo yokuqala, apho into emandiyenze physics. Sele 1924, Gamow wasebenza kwiNtetho Optical Institute, nokuphuhlisa iindlela yokulahlwa ngeglasi optical.

Sebenza amazwe. Imfundiso ekonakaleni alpha

Ngowe-1926 waphumelela yunivesithi kunye ababhalise isidanga yesikolo Gamow George Antonovich. Biography of sisazinzulu baqhubeka ukuba wonyulwa ngexesha apho umfundi ebhaliselwa internship eJamani. Kodwa onke amaxwebhu ayimfuneko kuba belungele kuphela ngo-1928.

Gamow wagqiba ukuba nzulu ingcamango ngumongo atomic wakhetha ingxaki ukubola atomic. Ukusebenzisa iziphumo kwetonela, isazinzulu inokubonisa ukuba nkqu amasuntswana kunye namandla singasongwa kundisindisa engundoqo kunye namathuba ethile. Lo mbono uye waba ngowokuqala ukuba achaze indlela kwezinto radioactive. Ngaphandle Gamow, umba ababandakanyekayo Edward Condon kunye Ronald Gurney, kodwa kuphela George wakwazi ukufumana iziphumo ezincumisayo oluninzi.

Ngokusekelwe yemvelo yayo lako George Gamow owayenokugqiba ubungakanani ngumongo (malunga iisentimitha ezilishumi ukuya ezilishumi) yaye wachaza umthetho Geiger-Nuttall, nto leyo enxulumene amandla isisi kunye nesiqingatha-ubomi eziba. NgoJulayi 1928 sisazinzulu oselula wapapasha inqaku lakhe malivakale kwijenali yesayensi, owamenza waduma ehlabathini ye physics.

Amazing

Ngowe-1931, uGeorge Gamow, ogama engobomi ichazwe ngokwenkcukacha kweli nqaku, wabuyela eLeningrad waza waqalisa ukusebenza kwicandelo physics yenyukliya. Kulo nyaka baqalisa ukuphucula ubomi ngayo zezenzululwazi. Wadibana izidanga eMoscow State University Vohmintsevoy Love. Kungekudala emva kokuba betshatile.

Ngo-Oktobha 1931 Gamow wamenyelwa kwiNkomfa eRoma, kodwa wayengakwazi ukuba ashiye ilizwe. Emva koko, waqala wamquqela ithuba, indlela yokuyenza (hayi kuphela ngokusemthethweni). Ngoxa eholideyini eCrimea sibini uselula inqanawa ezama ukudada ukuba eTurkey, kodwa sisaqhwithi uthintelwe ekwenzeni oko.

Kodwa ngo-1933 kwafunyanwa ithuba. George Gamow, ngengcebiso Joffe wamiselwa ummeli eSoviet kwi yesixhenxe Solvay Congress. Le Isazinzulu wakwazi ukufumana visa, hayi kuphela yena kodwa umfazi wayo. Eyona njongo ephambili George wayesebenza phesheya, kwaye ukuba ufuna ukubuyela kwilizwe labo.

George Gamow ingcamango "Big Bang"

Ngowe-1946, oososayensi baqalisa ukufunda ububanzi ngokuma yaye ecetywayo eyabangumzekelo "wendalo ashushu". Izizathu le ngcamango wakhonza uqikelelo kwephakade eli iphela, leyo malunga elingana ephakadeni uMhlaba, kunye nesanty sokubekwa kwe helium kunye hydrogen.

Ngowe-1948, yamachiza George Gamow kunye nabafundi bakhe aye avelisa imfundiso ukuyilwa imichiza ngu nucleosynthesis okanye silandelelaniswe neutron bamba. Nangona kunjalo, iye alukhange lufumane ngqwalaselo ngenxa, yaye ixesha elide iye waphawula. Njengokuba wathi Sniven Weinberg: "Gamow kunye nabafundi bakhe bafunda indalo yokuqala, oko kukuthi, imizuzu zokuqala ezintathu ubukho bayo."

ikhowudi yezofuzo

Ngowe-1954, ngoko nangoko emva kokufunyanwa kwemolekyuli kabini-berhaxwa ye DNA, Gamow waba nako ukwenza igalelo elingathethekiyo ukuyilwa kwesayensi entsha - ezinto eziphilayo, ngokubeka umxube phambili ingxaki le ikhowudi yezofuzo. Ngokubonisa ngee-eksperimenti yesayensi, izazinzulu baye bakwazi ukuqonda ukuba iiproteni eziquka amabini acid zendalo ukuyifunda ngolandelelwano ethile kunye inxalenye DNA.

Ngaloo ndlela, Gamow wakwazi ukuqonda ukuba DNA ye ukulandelelana ochaziweyo nucleotides ezine, anikwe kwi lwendibaniso ezenzekayo amathandathu anesine. Kwaye oku yaneleyo ukurekhoda ulwazi yemfuza.

Kuphela 1961, le ngcamango ekugqibeleni abangqine Francis Crick kunye nabancedisi bakhe, apho wafumana Prize Nobel.

Ukuza America

Emva kokuba nzulu washiya yiSoviet Union, wasebenza okwexeshana kumazwe ahlukeneyo, kodwa umsebenzi osisigxina ixesha elide ayikwazanga kufunyanwa. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1934 wafumana isimemo esivela eMelika. Wamiselwa unjingalwazi kwiYunivesithi yase Washington. Bagqiba ukubamba inkomfa yonyaka, ezitsala yemvelo abadumileyo ehlabathini lonke. Kwangaxeshanye, izazinzulu uye abe nomdla unxulumano phakathi amandla enyukliya kunye nemithombo yamandla obalaseleyo.

Ngowe-1941, emva kokushiya University of Washington yamachiza igqibe ukwenza uphuhliso ezabo atomic. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ngokwalo akuvumelekanga, ngoko kwanyanzeleka ukuba benze umsebenzi minor. Kwaba kuphela ngo-1948, George wafumana imvume wamajoni ngokobuqu inxaxheba ekuveliseni i-hydrogen.

George Gamow, "The Adventures of uMnu Tompkins"

Le ncwadi, ebhalwe yamachiza odumileyo, kujongwe ukuba abafundi kunye nabantu abanomdla ulwazi ngenzululwazi.

Le ncwadi iqulathe emibini. Eyokuqala kubo - yi "UMnu Tompkins in Wonderland." Yinto ibali funny, exelela abafundi malunga abasebenzi yebhanki eqhelekileyo, ukukhonza ithiyori kwezinto ehlabathini. Ibali yesibini, "UMnu Tompkins uphonononga atom 'umdla gqitha yaye nje kubonisa zonke iinkqubo ezithe zenzeka phakathi atom kunye isiqalo atomic. Le ncwadi iqulathe izahluko elinesihlanu enokuba lula abafundi umdla.

Philaretus

Enye incwadi umdla ngobomi bakhe wabhala George Gamow - "umgca umhlaba wam. Elithi Philaretus informal ".

Ngowe-1934, isazinzulu kunye nombhali wencwadi kweny eYurophu ukuya eMelika. Xa ibali lobomi bakhe, wachaza into eninzi iziqhulo wasebenzisa ukuxelela abahlobo bakhe. Kwakungekho nto kakhulu kuyo, uthi Gamow.

Kwi-USSR, "umgca ihlabathi wam" kwakukho ikopi enye kuphela, nto leyo igcinwa kwi uLenin Library. Kunjalo, yb Zeldovich babevunyelwa ukuba ukuthatha ekhaya le ncwadi, waza wamnika ukuba ufunde abahlobo babo kunye nezihlobo. Ngoko ke, abaninzi bamazi imixholo. Sinokuthi George Gamow wachitha "umgca World" phakathi Melika naseRashiya.

esinye isithuba

George Gamow "Giant iisayensi ezintathu" zabhalelwa uluhlu olubanzi abafundi abanomdla kwimbali ngokuma yemvelo, kwakunye nengxaki yenzululwazi esisiseko.

Works zezazinzulu ezibalaseleyo washiya uphawu eqaqambileyo nekulula kwinkalo physics enyukliya, isayensi, izakhi kunye nokwakheka ngamasuntswana nezakhiwo. Le ncwadi ke elithi Philaretus kwaye sichaza impumelelo ezibalulekileyo sisazinzulu. Apha, abafundi abakwazi ukufumana phandle malunga "Big Bang Theory", ithiyori quantum lokubola alpha, kwakunye ukuvula ikhowudi yezofuzo.

documentary

Le documentary film "George Gamow. Yemvelo evela kuThixo "yenziwa ngo-2009, lo Irinoy Bahtinoy. Umbhali ubonisa indlela yamachiza baziincamisa American, ubeke phambili inani elikhulu iithiyori zenzululwazi, amaphupha eSoviet Union.

Nangona isibakala sokuba ebudeni kubomi ingcali yenzululwazi, inkoliso yomsebenzi wakhe oxabisekileyo, ngoku kufuneka ixabiso elikhulu, njengokuba kwakunjalo ekuqaleni Sciences ezininzi kunye neengcamango. Ngoko ke kuthathwa ukuba ubomi yamachiza eSoviet-American babehlala akulambathanga.