Yintoni eyenza ingeniso evela inzuzo? Yintoni umahluko phakathi ingeniso evela iinzuzo iimpawu zazo

Bambalwa abantu abaqhelekileyo baya kuba nako ukuphendula umbuzo malunga umahluko phakathi ingeniso evela inzuzo. Zombini magama athetha ukufika mali kunye amathuba imali kwixesha elizayo. Njani na la manani kunye iimali - kananjalo imfihlelo ukuba umfundi ze kwimibandela yezoqoqosho. Noko ke, le mpazamo kulula ukulungisa, ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqonde isigama.

Lithetha ukuthini igama elithi "uqhubeka"

Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na inzuzo, ingeniso nabamashishini ezingenayo.

Ingeniso - ngoku ifunyenwe imali yokuthengiswa kwempahla (imisebenzi kunye neenkonzo) ngexesha ngexesha elithile. Oku kungabalelwa kumaqela ngamnye kwemveliso okanye imisebenzi. Kulo mzekelo, ingeniso yenkampani kuxhomekeke ngqo kwi unit ixabiso kunye nomthamo yokuthengisa.

Xiya xikombiso lexi. Masithi inkampani acwangcise zothutho lwabakhweli unika iindidi ezintathu lweenkonzo ilungise, loo nto ixhomekeke mileage, ixabiso: uhambo ukuya kwindawo - 50 engange, uhambo phakathi kwiindawo - 100 engange, uhambo ukuya namadlelo - 200 engange ... Ngenyanga ingxelo ukuba ndaqonda iinkonzo 1000, apho 500 - kwisithili, 300 - phakathi kwimimandla 200 - uhambo ukuya namadlelo. Ungabala ingeniso kwinkonzo nganye.

Itotali Ungeniselo TR 95, ngokusekelwe ukubala:

50 engange. * 500 + 100 engange. * 300 + 200 engange. 200 = + 30 TR * 25 TR 40 TR TR = 95

Xa imizekelo engaphezulu, ukungenisa ulwazi olongezelelweyo, bona umahluko phakathi ingeniso evela inzuzo.

Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokubala yamkelwa ukubandakanywa kweemali ezifunyenweyo kokuthengiswa, ezizezi: imali emtshatweni. Ngokutsho indlela yokuqala, kuvela kwingeniso yenkampani ngalo mzuzu xa wafumana imali, oko kukuthi, xa beza-akhawunti yebhanki okanye ngemali. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela akuthethi akhawunti ngenxa izinciphiso lifuna ezihlawulwa kwakhona bakuzibalela njengengeniso. Ngoko ke, ezinye iinkampani ukugcina iirekhodi yengeniso qho accrual, ngokutsho apho, ingeniso uphaya ukuqukumbela izivumelwano ukunikezelwa kunye ukuthunyelwa kwempahla, kwaye imali evela kwintengiso izibakala ungakwazi ukuza yokulahla yenkampani.

Ukwahlula phakathi gross kunye inzuzo.

Ingeniso, gross kunye umnatha

uyaqhubeka Gross - yimali efunyenweyo kwintengiso yeempahla (imisebenzi kunye neenkonzo) phambi kokuba kutsalwe irhafu, imisebenzi kunye neentlawulo imbopheleleko, ezifakwe kwixabiso. Kwi imali iyonke lweshishini ukongeza kwi miba ephambili nexabiso kunye nobungakanani iimveliso ezithengiswa abachatshazelwa yi izezona zinto zilandelayo:

• output;
• uhla imveliso;
• umgangatho impahla;
• ubukho iinkonzo ezinxulumene;
• yimveliso yabasebenzi;
• imfuno level kunye t. d.

Ngokwalo mgaqo, sinokugqiba ukuba umahluko phakathi ingeniso evela ingeniso epheleleyo. Kodwa uthethe ngawo ngokubhekele phaya.

Efunyenweyo net afunyenwe emva "kokuhlanjululwa" sengeniso ezinzulu ukusuka VAT kunye nezinye iirhafu, nokunye, izaphulelo kunye neendleko kweemveliso ezineziphene babuya ngabathengi emva kwethu uEllerines. irhafu ezifanayo zibalelwa ingeniso kunye inzuzo.

Lithetha ukuthini igama elithi "imali"

Ngoku siya ukuqonda umahluko phakathi ingeniso evela ingeniso kunye nengeniso.

Le nkampani unakho ukufumana imali nje kuphela umsebenzi yinqununu. amashishini ingeniso zenza ingeniso yonke imisebenzi, kuncitshiswa yi imali yeendleko eziphathekayo ngaphandle umvuzo. Kuba iindleko eziphathekayo, ezo kubalwa iindleko zokuvelisa, ziquka:

• iindleko zabasebenzi;
• igalelo kwezentlalo ukuba iimali zabo extra-mali;
• izinto, amafutha kunye nombane;
• nokwehla;
• nezinye iindleko.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi ingeniso evela inzuzo? Kubonakala ukuba ingeniso iquka iingeniso kunye neendleko zabasebenzi.

Xiya xikombiso lexi. Masithi kulo nyaka kunikwa ingxelo yawo, ukuthuthwa inkampani Passenger uzibizele ndleko zilandelayo:

• imivuzo yabasebenzi, kunye notsalo - 40 TR
• Amafutha - 20 TR
• ukwehliswa - 10 TR
• Ezinye iindleko - 5 TR

Zizonke iindleko lweshishini , ngaphandle umvuzo mali ukuya 35 TR Ke ngongeniselo nga kubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: 95 TR - 35 TR TR = 60

Running kancinane phambili, siphawula ukuba inzuzo 60 ts - 40 TR TR = 20

Xa engekho amaxesha onyaka kunye nemfuneko efanayo iinkonzo yenethiwekhi le shishini uya intloko ingeniso yonyaka ka-240 TR

Ukuba inkampani ongazaliyo iindleko eziphathekayo, ixabiso ingeniso kanye idibanisa ixabiso iinzuzo evela kwintengiso.

ingeniso Gross ke umnatha

Ingeniso ubonisa oko ixabiso ixesha ukwanda elikomkhulu nkampani. Kungaba gross. Hayi yengeniso irhafu epheleleyo ilingana umnatha.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ingeniso kunye njengengeniso, usoloko luphawu entle kwezoqoqosho, ngelixa ingeniso ingaba mibi kwimeko imisebenzi ilahleko-wokwenza. Oku kwahlukile ingeniso yemali iyonke.

Emva kokuphungula iirhafu kunye nezinye iintlawulo kunyanzelekile ukuba ingeniso kucaca. Emva koko yahlulahlulwe yaba ngamacandelo amathathu:

1. Iindleko zabasebenzi nkqubo kwezentlalo lenkampani okanye ingxowa-mali ukusetyenziswa.
2. Zivela-mali yotyalo-mali ngempumelelo okanye ingeniso-mali.
3. Iindleko-inshorensi, okanye ingeniso.

Revenue ku microeconomics

Xa microeconomics Iimali ziye zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezintathu:

1. ingeniso Comprehensive (total revenue), kuba sisixa semali evela kwintengiso yempahla ezithile. Oku kubalwa phinda ixabiso kwempahla kumthamo yokuthengisa. Kulo mzekelo, ingeniso iyonke ilingana ingeniso yokuthengisa.
2. Ingeniso (avareji revenue), okuhambelana ingeniso evela lowo elungileyo ithengiswe. Isalathisi efunyanwa hlula ingeniso iyonke yi-mali kwempahla ezithengiswa ninzi.
3. ingeniso ezihlelelekileyo (ingeniso litheni) ibonisa ubungakanani ingeniso okukodwa ngeyunithi nganye eyongezelelweyo okulungileyo.

Okulandelayo, cinga umahluko phakathi ingeniso evela inzuzo.

Ntoni igama elithi "imbuyiselo"

Inzuzo - lo ke umahluko phakathi ngokwengeniso ayizuzileyo, ekungenwe kuyo ngenxa yenkcitho ishishini. Ngendlela ecaulweyo, kwamaxabiso impahla sele ukubeka ingeniso: Ixabiso = Iindleko + nzuzo.

Kubonakala ukuba ngeniso yeyona njongo lamashishini kunye noosomashishini.

Kodwa amashishini non-ngeniso amiselwe ukuphumeza imisebenzi ebalulekileyo yentlalo enxulumene:

• isayensi;
• imfundo;
• sa;
• nkqubo;
• nenkcubeko;
• ngamehlo kwezentlalo, njalo njalo. d.

Ezi amashishini uyakwazi ukugcina umsebenzi unokumnceda ukuba ejoliswe ekufezekiseni le njongo ephambili yale nzuzo. Malunga inzuzo kuwo onke ngaphandle umbuzo apha.

Yokonwabisa ngokwemiqathango inzuzo kwaye amashishini kamasipala, apho omnye izinto zengeniso ezi mali. Le nto iinkampani uyakwalela ukuba nenzuzo, kodwa inkcazelo, bakholisa ukuba ubuncinane phula kude. Ngokukodwa ekubeni iintlawulo zibalwa kuphela ukusuka mali ukuya 0 isiphumo zemali. Le dolophu lisebenza njenge ngumxhasi we iinkonzo zentlalo. Ke ukuba ezo nkonzo misebenzi iphambili lweshishini, iinzuzo zifumaneka kuphela kwimithombo ezongezelelweyo.

inzuzo Gross ke umnatha

inzuzo Gross - kuthiwa nzuzo kusuka yonke imisebenzi kwishishini, kuncitshiswa iindleko ezinxulumene.

Yintoni iyahluka kwenye ingeniso net yengeniso net? Xa mfanekiso, Nongeniselo net - yi "nyulu" yi izinga irhafu yengeniso, nto leyo umphathi inkampani angasebenzisa ngokubona kwakho;

• uphuhliso lwamashishini ngqo, imisebenzi emitsha okanye ekhoyo;
• ukuhlawula umzimba mboleko kunye nenzala yayo;
• ukukhuthaza abasebenzi lweshishini kunye iintlawulo yenkuthazo olongezelelweyo;
• izimali kunye t. d.

Inzuzo microeconomics

Xa microeconomics iintlobo ezimbini ingeniso: zemali kunye nezoqoqosho.

Eyokuqala imele umahluko phakathi inzuzo kunye accounting (ngamanye amazwi endawathetha kalkuliruemymi) iindleko.

Kuthathelwa ingqalelo iindleko zoqoqosho, kubandakanywa neendleko lokukwekwa ezinxulumene ezinye iinketho kwezoqoqosho phantsi kweemeko yezibonelelo ezinqongopheleyo, iza kuba nenzuzo yezoqoqosho: ingeniso thabatha iindleko zoqoqosho.

Xiya xikombiso lexi. Njengoko umkhweli ukuthuthwa Senior ngexesha wakhetha umendo ngusomashishini, hayi indlela umqeshwa kunye imali ebhankini, uye bakha iindleko ezoqoqosho, umzekelo, zimi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• imali kwi-akhawunti yebhanka sele imali kuphuhliso loshishino - 60 TR
• inzala elahlekayo kwi ukuhlala imali ebhankini - 6 TR
• nemivuzo elahleke kwingqesho kunyaka - TR 180

Kubonakala ukuba yenzuzo yonyaka ka-240 TR, ngabo lo ngaphambili, iya kuncitshiswa yi-mali yeendleko zoqoqosho:

240 TR - (. + TR 180 60t.r. 6t.r +) ts = -6

Eli shishini ngokuba ngusomashishini ayihlawuli ngaphandle kangangonyaka. Ukuba zimali inkampani lokuvuyisana intloko kunye ingeniso yonyaka, usomashishini osakhasayo kuvavanya ngayo ishishini ngokwanelisayo.

isishwankathelo

Ukushwankathela uze uphendule imibuzo malunga umahluko phakathi kwengeniso evela inzuzo, umahluko phakathi kwabo kunye ingeniso, egxininisa iingongoma eziphambili ithisisi:

• Ingeniso kunye nengeniso - nezalathisi eyakhayo ngaso kwezoqoqosho. Iingeniso ingaba HIV (lweshishini inzuzo), okubi (lweshishini engeluncedo lwanto) kunye iqanda (kwishishini na kwekhefu-nkqu point).
• Ingeniso ibandakanya Iholo kunye neendleko zabasebenzi kwabasebenzi kunye icandelo loluntu nkqubo zasekhaya.
• Inzuzo - unendima uqikelelo. Kungathatha ingqalelo iindleko lokukwekwa kwezoqoqosho. Ingeniso kunokwenzeka kusoloko ukubala ningene kwiphepha lomncono.
• Kodwa umahluko phakathi kwengeniso evela inzuzo, ngoko ke zomthetho esibophelelayo: amashishini yorhwebo ukusebenza ukuphumeza inzuzo, kuba nzuzo ingeniso lweshishini ngokubanzi ningamkeli noko, kwaye oomasipala kuba nenzuzo, kodwa kubandakanya zenkxaso- kuphela impumelelo breakeven. Ingeniso ungafumana yonke lweshishini.

Ngenxa yoko, ukubhengezwa kujonge izinto ezincinane terminological ye yinxalenye unokumnceda yemisebenzi ishishini kuya kuvumela abafundi ukuba babe unekhono ngakumbi kwimiba yezoqoqosho.