I-IPI-E x16 isakhiwo: iimpawu kunye nokuhlaziywa. Ikhadi legraphic i-PCI-E x16

Phantse zonke ii-motherboards zanamhlanje zixhotyiswe nge-slot expansion PCI-E x16. Oku akumangalisiyo: ifakwe i-graphics encrycer accelerator, ngaphandle kokuyilungelelaniswa kwikhompyutheni yomntu ovelisayo. Kuye malunga nokuqala kwakhe kokubonakala, iinkcazo zezobugcisa kunye nezindlela zokusebenza eziza kuxutyushwa kamva.

Imbali yembonakalo yokwandisa isakhiwo

Kwiminyaka yokuqala ye-2000, kunye ne-AGP slot expansion, leyo eyayisetyenziselwa ukufaka amakhadi ezihluzidi ezicacileyo, kwakukho imeko apho izinga eliphezulu lokusebenza lifikeleleka kwaye amandla alo akwanele. Ngenxa yoko, i-consortium yenziwe i-PCI-SIG, eyaqala ukuphuhlisa isofthiwe kunye nezixhobo ze-hardware ze-slot esizayo ngokufaka ii-acceleration zemifanekiso. Isiqhamo somsebenzi wakhe waza waba ngowokuqala ngo-2002 kwi-PCI Express 16x 1.0.

Ezinye iikhampani zokuphuhlisa ukuhambelana kwezixhobo ezimbini ezikhoyo ze-adapter ze-adapter ngelo xesha zazihlakulela izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezivumela ukufaka izicwangciso zemizobo ezidlulileyo kwi-slot entsha yokwandisa. Ngolwimi lwabaqeqeshi, olu phuhliso lunegama layo - i-adapter ye-PCI-E x16 / AGP. Injongo yaso ephambili kukunciphisa iindleko zokuphucula i-PC ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezivela kwindlela yokupasa yangaphambili yunithi yenkqubo. Kodwa lo mkhuba wawungasasazekayo kuba amakhadi evidiyo angena kwi-interface entsha enendleko ephantse ilingana nexabiso le-adapter.

Ngexesha elifanayo, ukulungiswa okulula kwalolu slot lwandiso lwaye lwadalwa kubalawuli bezandla zangaphandle, ezithatha indawo yeeports eziqhelekileyo ze-PCI ngelo xesha. Nangona ukufana kwangaphandle, ezi zixhobo zahluke kakhulu. Ukuba i-AGP ne-PCI ziqhayisa ukuhanjiswa kolwazi olufanayo, ke i-PCI Express yayiyi-interface ehambelanayo. Ukusebenza kwayo ephakamileyo kwanikezelwa ngokunyuswa kwezinga lokudluliswa kwedatha kwimodi ye-duplex (ulwazi kulo mzekelo unokudluliselwa ngeendlela ezimbini).

Isantya sokuhamba kunye nendlela yokubhala

Ekutyunjweni kwe-PCI-E x16 Isibalo sibonisa inani lamacandelo afakelwe ukuhanjiswa kwedatha. Kule meko, kukho ezili-16. Ezo zinto, ngamnye ziqulethwe ngamabini amabini eencingo zokudlulisa ulwazi. Njengoko kuphawuliwe, isantya esiphezulu siqinisekiswa kukuba ezi zibini zisebenza kwimodi ye-duplex. Oko kukuthi, ukudluliswa kolwazi kuya kuhamba ngeendlela ezimbini.

Ukukhusela malunga nokulahleka okanye ukuphazamiseka kwedatha ekhutshweyo, inkqubo ekhethekileyo yokukhusela i-8V / 10V, isetyenziswe kulo mboniso. Olu bhengezo lugqitywa njengolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuhanjiswa okuchanekileyo nokuchanekileyo kwezinto ezi-8 zedatha, kubalulekile ukuba zongezelele nge-bits zesevisi zokwenza ukuqinisekiswa. Kule meko, le nkqubo kufuneka idlulise iipesenti ezingama-20 zolwazi lwenkonzo, leyo eyenziwa ngumsebenzisi wekhompyutheni ayithwali umvuzo. Kodwa le yintlawulo yokusebenza okunokuthenjelwayo kunye nesimo esicacileyo sesicatshulwa somntu, kwaye ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngokuqinisekileyo akufanele ukwenze.

Iinguqu ze-PCI-E

Ikhonkco ye-PCI-E x16 ingaphandle kwangaphandle kuwo onke amabhodi omama. Kuphela apha isantya sokudluliswa kolwazi kwimeko nganye sinokuhluka kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, isantya sefowuni sihlukile. Ukuguqulwa kwesi sikhombisi sikhombisi:

• Ukuguqulwa kokuqala kwe-PCI-Express x16 v. I-1.0 yayinokwenziwa kwe-8 Gb / s.
• Isizukulwana sesi-2 i-PCI-Express x16 v. 2.0 sele iqhayisa ngokuphindwe kabini i-bandwidth - 16 GB / s.
• Umgangatho ofanayo ugcinwe kwinguqulo yesithathu yale nxulumano. Kule meko, esi sibonakaliso sisetyenziswe kwi-64 Gb / s.

Ukubonakala ngokubonakalayo ngendawo yoqhagamshelwano le mihlaba ayinakwenzeka. Ngelo xesha baxhasana kunye. Umzekelo, ukuba ufaka i-adapter i-graphics kwi-slot ye-3.0, ehambelana neqondo lemvelo kwiinkcukacha ze-2.0, ngoko yonke inkqubo yokucoca imifanekiso iza kutshintsha ngokuzenzekelayo kwimodi elula kakhulu (okt 2.0) kwaye iya kuqhubeka isebenza nge 64 GB / S.

Isizukulwana sokuqala se-PCI Express

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, ngokokuqala ngqa i-PCI Express yaziswa ngo-2002. Isiphumo sawo sabonakalisa ukuvela kweekhompyutheni zobuqu kunye neefolthi zeemifanekiso ezininzi, eziziqhayisa nangona i-accelerator enye efakwe ngesivinini. Umgangatho we-AGX 8X uvumelekile ukuba ufikelele kwi-2.1 Gb / s, kunye nokuhlaziywa kokuqala kwe-PCI Express-8 Gb / s.

Ewe, ukuthetha malunga nokunyuka kwesibhozo akuyimfuneko. Iipesenti ezingama-20 zenyuka zisetyenziselwa ukudlulisa ulwazi lwenkonzo, oluye lwavumela ukufumana iimpazamo.

Ukuguqulwa kwesibini kwe-PCI-E

Endaweni yesizukulwana sokuqala salesi sikhombisi esibonakalayo sango-2007 safika i-PCI-E 2. 0 x16. Amakhadi eVidiyo yesizukulwana sesi-2, njengoko kuphawuliwe ngaphambili, ayenomzimba kwaye ahambelana ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokulungiswa kokuqala kwesi sixhobo. Kule meko kuphela isantya se-graphics kwinqanaba leenguqu ye-PCI Express 1.0 16x yancitshiswa kakhulu.

Iingqikithi, umda wokudluliselwa kolwazi kweli phepha ngu-16 Gb / s. Kodwa iipesenti ezingama-20 zokwanda zichithwa ngolwazi olusemthethweni. Ngenxa yoko, kwimeko yokuqala, ukuhanjiswa kwangoku kwalingana no: 8 Gb / s - (8 Gb / s x 20%: 100%) = 6.4 Gb / s. Kwaye kwinguqulelo yesibini yesikhombisi-mfanekiso, le ntengo sele isele: 16 Gb / s - (16 Gb / s x 20%: 100%) = 12.8 Gb / s. Ukwahlula okufanayo 12.8 Gb / s ngo-6.4 GB / s, sithola ukwanda okwenene kwinqanaba eli-2 phakathi kwe-1 kunye ne-2 ne-PCI Express.

Isizukulwana sesithathu

Ukugqibela nokuhlaziywa kwangoku kwesi sikhokelo kuboniswe ngo-2010. Ijubane le-PCI-E x16 eliphakamileyo kweli xesha likhuphuke lifikelela kuma-64 Gb / s, kwaye amandla amakhulu e-adapter yombonakalo ngaphandle kokunikezelwa kwamandla angaphezulu kulo mzekelo angalingana no-75 W.

Iintlobo zeendlela zokuqwalasela kunye neefelethi zeefayile ezininzi kwi-PC eyodwa. Iinkonzo kunye neengxaki zabo

Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezibalulekileyo zolu qha ga mshelwano nendawo yokuba neenqwelo-mifanekiso ezininzi ze- PCI-E x16. Amakhadi evidiyo ahlanganisene kunye kunye nefomu, eqinisweni, isixhobo esisodwa. Ukusebenza kwabo bonke kuboniswe, kwaye oku kwenza sikwazi ukwandisa isivinini sePC ngamanye amaxesha kwindawo yokuqhutyelwa komfanekiso wesiphumo. Ukufumana izicombululo ezivela kwi-NVidia, le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-SLI, kunye neenkqubo zeprojekti ezivela kwi-AMD-CrossFire.

Ixesha elizayo kulo mgangatho

I-PCI-E x16 Ngekamva elibonakalayo ngokuqinisekileyo aliyi kutshintsha. Oku kuya kuvumela amakhadi amaphepha afanelekileyo asetyenziswayo njengenxalenye yePC yelifa kwaye, ngale ndlela, ukwenza ukuphuculwa komgangatho wenkqubo yekhompyutha. Ngoku ke iinkcukacha ze-4th version yale ndlela yokudluliselwa kwedatha iyasebenza. Ukulungelelanisa i-adapters kule mzekelo, i- bandwidth ephezulu ye- 128 Gb / s iya kunikwa. Oku kukuvumela ukuba ubonise umfanekiso kwiskrini somlindo njenge "4K" okanye ngaphezulu.

Iziphumo

Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni, kwaye i-PCI-E x16 okwangoku ingumzekelo wesicatshulwa esingafaniyo kunye ne-interface. Kuya kubakho ixesha elide. Iiparitha zayo zivumela ukudala iinkqubo zeekhompyutheni zezinga lokungena kunye neePC eziphezulu kunye nama-accelerators amaninzi. Ngenxa yolu luquguquko kwaye akukho tshintsho olubalulekileyo kulindeleke kule niche.