I-thyroid hypothyroidism: iimpawu kunye nonyango

I-Hypo- function ye-thyroid gland (hypothyroidism) isifo somzimba, esifunyenwe ngenxa yokungavumelekanga kwintsimbi ye-thyroid okanye ukuyeka ukuphela komsebenzi wayo.

Ncinane malunga ne-thyroid gland

I-teyroid ye-thyroid ihlala kwindawo yangaphandle ye-larynx. Umsebenzi oyintloko wegland yi-hormone elawulwayo kwinkqubo ye-endocrine, kwakhona, i-hormone yezinye izilwanyana - i-hypothalamus ne-pituitary gland.

I-thyroid gland inee-hormones ezintathu: thyroxine, calcitonin kunye ne-triiodothyronine. IiHormones thyroxin kunye ne-triiodothyronine zivuselela ukukhula, ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo, iinkqubo ze-cardiovascular and digestive systems, ukulawula iinkqubo zokuxilonga kunye nemisebenzi yesondo yomzimba. I-Calcitonin inoxanduva lokuqukethwe kwe-calcium egazini, encedisa ukwakha amathambo. Kwakhona kuyimfuneko ebalulekileyo yokwakhiwa kwemizimba yamasipha kunye namasipha omzimba.

Ukunyaniseka kwe-thyroid gland kubonakala kubasetyhini ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunabesilisa, kwaye iqhuba izifundo ezihamba phambili. Ngenxa yezibonakaliso ezingenangqondo, esi sifo sibonakala kuqala ngenxa yokukhathala, ukukhulelwa okanye ezinye izifo, ngoko kunzima ukubona i-hypothyroidism.

Izimpawu kunye neentlobo zesifo

Ukunyaniseka kwesifo se- thyroid, iimpawu zazo kuxhomekeke kwindlela yokuvuza, ingaba ziintlobo ezimbini:

- I-Myxedema (i-hypothyroidism kubantu abadala) yindlela ebalulekileyo yesifo. Ihamba kunye nokuncipha nokunciphisa yonke imisebenzi yomzimba kunye yengqondo yomzimba ngenxa yokunciphisa iinkqubo zokuxilonga, ukuqokelela kwamanzi emzimbeni kumqolo ongaphantsi.

I-Myxedema ihambelana nobuso obukhukhumezayo, ukuvuvukala kwemida. Isimo esipheleleyo sesigulane sihlahloka ngokubonakalayo. Kukhona uvakalelo lokukhathala, ukuguquka , ukuguquka kwesobuso, kukho ukunyuka kwesisindo somzimba. Isikhumba somile, siqhenqa, siqhenqile. Izinwele ziyawa, ziphelile kwaye zihluthe. Ukushisa komzimba kuncitshiswa, intlawulo yenhliziyo iyancipha, kukho ukuphulwa kwenkqubo yokuzala (ukungazenzisi kwezigulane zesondo);

- cretinism (i-hypothyroidism kubantwana) - isifo sesifo sofuba, esibangelwa ukungabikho kwemfihlo yesiganeko, sihamba kunye nesigxina esibukhali ekuphuculweni kwengqondo nangokwenyama. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kuphawulwe kubantwana abazalelwe oomama abanesifo se-goitre, kunye nokuphulwa okanye ukuphuhliswa kwengqondo ye-thyroid xa unyango lwe-hypofunction ngexesha lokukhulelwa.

ICretinism ihamba kunye nokukhathala ngokukhawuleza kwesigulane, ukunyamezela ukuzaliseka, ukunciphisa ukutya, ukunganakwa, ukunyaniseka, ukuphulwa okukhulu kweentlobano zesini kunye neengqondo, izipikili ezinobunzima kunye neenwele.

Ukuxilongwa kwe- hypothyroidism

Ukuba khona kwesi sifo akunakwenzeka ngenxa yobukho bezinye iimpawu. Ukunyanzeliswa kwe-thyroid gland kugqithwe kuphela ngokujonga imiqondiso emininzi yesifo ngokukhawuleza. Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo kunye neemviwo zimiselwe ukuzimisela ngokupheleleyo kwesi sifo:

- ukuhlolwa kwegazi nge-hemoglobin, i-cholesterol, iswekile. Nge-hypothyroidism, kukho ukuphahla kwe-hemoglobin, ukwandisa i-cholesterol kunye nezinga leswekile;

Uviwo malunga ne-hormone ye thyroxine kunye ne-triiodothyronine;

Uviwo lohlobo lweenguqu kwi-thyroid gland;

- imisebenzi yophando nge-ultrasound.

Unyango lwesifo

Umsebenzi we-Hypo we-thyroid gland ulawulwa kakhulu ngokuzalisa i-hormone ye thyroxine kunye ne-triiodothyronine. Ngenxa yale njongo, unyango lunqunywe ngamachiza-efana neemodemoni ezingekhoyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezine-iodine. Ukunyangwa kwesi sifo kudala kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuxhomekeke kwisigaba apho unyango lwaqaliswa khona.

Iprophylaxis ye- hypothyroidism ye-thyroid gland

Ukuthintela i-hypothyroidism ye-thyroid gland isekelwe ekunyuseni kokutya kweemveliso ze-iodine: i-sea kale, ivenkile zaselwandle, ulwandle ityuwa, i-algae kunye nabanye, kunye nokulawulwa kweziyobisi ezinama-iodine.