Icandelo lolawulo-sendawo Russia: ezeMbali kunye Modernity

division Administrative-ndawo yenye iinkalo eziphambili ingcamango "uhlobo urhulumente." Lo mkhwa lamazwe aphambili, kwakunye namava ezahlukeneyo kwilizwe lethu ingqina ukuba indlela ngobuchule ezicwangciswe ngokoMthetho indawo elizweni kuxhomekeke, phakathi kwezinye izinto, uphuhliso kwezentlalo noqoqosho kunye ntle yabemi.

nezokuphatha kwiimeko mihla a amaziko entsonkothileyo karhulumente kunye zomthetho, ngazo ayiboneleli kuphela kolawulo mmandla, kodwa linikeza izinto kwezopolitiko, yembono isiseko kunye nezentlalo noqoqosho kuphuhliso ngakumbi uluntu.

Icandelo lolawulo-lwengingqi xesha Russian uBukhosi, phantse ngendlela yayo yokugqibela yabunjwa naphantsi uCatherine II. Ku ngexesha lokulawula kwakhe lonke eli lizwe yahlulwe yaba ngamaphondo-50, nto leyo zihlukaniswe kwizithili. Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo into yokuba icandelo lolawulo-sendawo Russia ngelo xesha yayisekelwe kungekhona uphawu lwesizwe okanye nayiphi yembali, kodwa kuphela xa inani labemi. Ngoko ke, kweli phondo ukuba yinxalenye yommandla, elinabemi yabantu 300 ukuya 400 lamawaka.

Eli candelo sendawo Russia kuzisukela iinjongo eziliqela. Kwelinye icala, ezi kwimimandla kube lula kakhulu ukulawula, ukugcina ekhuselekileyo kwaye kwanyanzeleka nabantu basekuhlaleni ukuze ahlawule irhafu. Kwelinye icala, malunga inani elifanayo Iwabemi Umhlaba ukusuka kwindawo umbono kweerhafu, twatse irhafu, ngoko ukungalingani ngamandla ayengafuni kuphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho kwiindawo ezithile. Ekugqibeleni, okwesithathu, iyantlukwano yelizwe, enabantu abaninzi kunye nabameli nobuzwe ethile, amaphondo ambalwa, ngokutsho abasemagunyeni esembindini, ukunciphisa kakhulu umnqweno kwabo inkululeko kunye separatism.

Kakhulu kwezinye imigaqo, ekuqhubeni icandelo lolawulo-sendawo eRashiya, amrholela iinkokheli kwexesha eSoviet. Kwelinye icala, baba phambili wabeka ukusebenziseka kwezoqoqosho yokwahlukana imimandla ethile kunye nemimandla, yaye kwelinye icala, - iintloko zombini i-USSR kunye RSFSR, ayikwazanga kangaka lula ukuphikisa ukusuka Umnqweno inani beentlanga ukuze afumane ubuncinane ukuzimela enkcubeko ukubanga . Ngamanye amaxesha ezi ntsingiselo olukungquzulwano omnye komnye, ekhokelela ezahlukahlukeneyo yeenguqu kubume lwengingqi lizwe.

Ngoko ke, kule minyaka yokuqala kwamandla Soviet kwakukho inkqubo ahlazululwe amaphondo kakumkani ubudala, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela kwiindawo ezifana Sverdlovsk, Cherepovets okanye Tsaritsynskaya. Ukongeza, ngexesha elifanayo bekukho imfundo esebenzayo ezintsha zoluntu, nto leyo namhlanje bambalwa abantu khumbula - Thethani ka amaJamani yommandla iVolga, i-North Caucasus republic, Lithuanian-Belarusian Republic nabanye.

Kamva, le yolawulo ndawo iyantlukwano wonke umntu othathe indawo nesakhiwo esicacileyo, leyo yaquka inkqubo yolawulo izintlu ezintathu-: ummandla (uMmandla) - District - iindawo. Emva kokuba yoo-1930. districting yayigqalwa ongenabulumko, icandelo lolawulo-lwengingqi RSFSR yamkela uhlobo apho yayikhona kuze kube ekuweni USSR.

Isahlulo lwengingqi Russian Federation, ukuba ilifa kakhulu ukusuka kwixesha eSoviet, iye yatshintsha zombini nangokobungakanani kwaye ngokomgangatho. Ngokukodwa, endaweni republic 16 ezimeleyo ukuba yinxalenye RSFSR, ngoku 21 republic Russian, amalungelo kunye nenkululeko leyo luyenyuka kakhulu.

Phantse yonke imimandla ezimeleyo, ngaphandle imimandla zamaYuda elizimeleyo zilamkele ubume ziiriphabliki, kabukhali ivelele imimandla neengingqi. Isimo esitsha sezifundo ze-Russian Federation wagxininisa kuphela ngumGaqo-siseko, esamkelwa ngowe-1993, kodwa lezivumelwano ezithe kugqityiwe phakathi Centre kunye nemimandla ukususela ekuqaleni 1990.

Icandelo lolawulo-sendawo eRashiya ngoku sidlula nobunzima kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa, kwelinye icala, isibakala sokuba izifundo ezininzi abakwazi ngokuzimeleyo ukufeza iimfanelo zabo zentlalo, yaye enye - ukuba kusekho kwempixano kunye ingozi ziimvakalelo obuzimele eziliqela ziiriphabliki yesizwe.