I-CPSU: ukuchazwa kwegama leqela, elidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimbali yelizwe lethu

Ingqungquthela yokunciphisa oku kuhlaselwa kwinkulungwane ngaphambi kokugqibela. Yonke into yaqala ngeembalo ezincinci zezentlalo-ntsapho ezazishushiswa ngaphakathi kolawulo lwaseRashiya. Oku kubangele iqela elinamandla nelungelelanisiweyo, elikuthi ekugqibeleni libizwa ngokuba yiCPSU. Ukuchazwa kwesi sibhalo kuyanele, kulula kwaye kuchaza i-ideological and geographical component. Nangona kunjalo, yonke into ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuvela kwentlalo

Inkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ngokubanzi isityebi kakhulu kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zengxelo ezichasene namagunya ezopolitiko kunye noluntu. I-Decembrists yaqala le nqanaba, kwaye ke iindidi ezininzi zaseyunivesithi kunye nemibutho yoluntu yithatha. Iingcamango zentlalo-ntle zikhuthazwa ngamandla kwaye zikhuthazwa ngexesha lolawulo luka-Alexander II. Inkululeko yentando yesininzi yentando yenkululeko yeyona nxalenye enkulu yoluntu yayingumhlaba ocebileyo wokuphuhliswa kweembono zekululeko kunye neembono zentando yesininzi yentlalo. I-populism nayo yaba negalelo ekusasazeni kweengcamango zentlalo kwiindawo ezininzi zaseRashiya. Inhlangano ethi "umhlaba kunye nenkululeko" inxaxheba ngokusesikweni ekuphakanyisweni kweengcamango zentlalo yoluntu kwintsimi yelizwe lethu. Yonke le mibutho yayithetha, i-CPSU enkulu kunye nefuthe. Ukuqulunqwa kwegama kuzwakalisa njengeqela lamaKhomanisi weSoviet Union. Nangona kunjalo, ngaphambi kokuvela kwayo bekusekude kakhulu. Kwiminyaka engamashumi asibhozo ekhulwini leshumi elinesithoba, uGeorgii Plekhanov wasungula intlangano yokuqala yaseRashiya, eyayimile kwiindawo zentlalo yoluntu kunye neMarxism, eyayihamba ngokulandelelaniswa nobuncinci be-communism.

I-Peripetias yokwakhiwa kwemibutho yentlalo

Nangona kunjalo, i-"Liberation Liberation Group" ayininzi kwaye ayinandiphethiso enkulu phakathi kwezentlalo zaseRashiya. UGeorgy Valentinovich womeleza imisebenzi yakhe kwaye wadibana namaqela afanayo evela eKiev naseMinsk, ngokusekelwe kulo msebenzi ayedibana no-VI Ulyanov. Ekuqaleni, iimbono zeenkokheli ezimbini zentlalo yenzululwazi zihambelane, kunye nemigudu eyahlukeneyo eyenza yonke imizamo ukuqinisekisa ukuba la maqela kunye neeseli ezazisasazeka kuzo zonke izixeko kunye neentlanga zoBukumkani baseRashiya zaba ngumbutho omnye. Njengokuba kwenzeke kwi-congress eyimibutho eMinsk, le yinto efana neyo kwi-CPSU eya kubakholwa kwixesha elizayo kunye neenguqulelo zobuqu kunye neziqu. Ukuchazwa komcimbi owadalwa ngowe-1898 kwahluke kakhulu kwi-CPSU eqhelekileyo, xa kwakhiwa ibizwa ngokuba yi-RSDLP, oku kuthetha i-Russian Social Democratic Workers Party.

Ulwahlulo lwengqondo kunye nenhlangano

Nangona kunjalo, oku kwakungesiyo kuphela imetororphosis eyenziwa negama leqela. Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, ootata abasunguli beziko elitsha lezopolitiko, uGeorgy Plekhanov noVladimir Ulyanov, baqhubeka bengavumelani kwiimbono zabo ngekamva leRussia, ukulungiswa kwakhona kunye neendlela zokwenza oku kulungiswa. Oku kwaphumela kwizikhuselo ezivulekileyo zabasekeli beenkokheli zokuqala neyesibini, kwaye emva koko kuboniswa kwinqanaba lombutho weqela. Kwindibano elandelayo (emva kwendibano ebalulekileyo), iqela lahlulwa libe yi-Mensheviks ekhokelwa yiPlekhanov kunye neBolsheviks eyayilawulwa nguLenin, kodwa ubunye bombutho wangaphandle lwalugcinwe ngowe-1917. Nangona kunjalo, ukungafani kweendlela kunye neendlela zokukhokelela kwabangela ukuba uLenin ahoxiswe kwiphepha eliphambili lokuprinta leqela - iphephandaba i-Iskra. Ukwahlukana phakathi kweqela kwanda ngakumbi, uPlekhanov kunye nabalandeli bakhe babemi kwiindawo zentando yesininzi yentlalo, bekhetha ukuguqulwa njengendlela eyona ndlela yokuguqulwa, kunye neBolsheviks zavezwa yimiqobo yokuziphatha kunye neendlela ezisisiseko zokutshintsha kwezenzo zoluntu njengobuqhetseba be-proletarian.

Ukudalwa kweqela leRoman Communist Party

Ngo-Ephreli 1917, kwenzeka isiganeko esipheleleyo. Ibutho laseBolshevik lagqitywa ngokuzihlukanisa kwi-RSDLP, eyayisekelwe kwiMensheviks enomlinganiselo kwaye yakha i-RCP (B) yayo, eya kubeka isiseko seCPSU. Ukucaciswa kwalo mbutho omtsha waseBolshevik ubeka ngokuchanekileyo imbonakalo yeengcamango kunye nezandi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: Iqela lamaKhomanisi aseRussia (amaBolsheviks). Ukucaciswa kwileta ethi "B" kuma-parentheses kugxininisa ukuhlukana kweqela ukusuka kwimfundiso ye-classical yaseYurophu ye-demokrasi yentlalo kunye nobukhomanisi. ULenin wenza utshintsho kwiingcamango eziqulunqwe nguKarl Marx, ukuzivumelanisa neenkohlakalo zaseRussia, kodwa le yayingeyona igama lokugqibela leqela. Kakade emva kokunqoba ekuhlaselweni okuxhobileyo ngo-Oktobha 1917, i-RCP (B) iphinde ishintshe igama layo, efuna ukuba kugxininise i-universality kwaye ibe yiqela elilawulayo. Ukususela ngo-1925 kwaziwa ngokuba yi-VKP (b), kwaye eli gama litshintshiwe ngo-1952 kwiCPSU. Ukuchazwa kwegama lowe-1925 kwatshintshile kuphela, igama elithi "isiRashiya" latshintshwa yi "All-Russian", kwaye yonke into ingatshintshi.

Ukugxekwa kwabantu kunye nesicatshulwa esisemthethweni

Njengawo nawuphi na umbutho wezopolitiko, wawunamabhunga olawulo, nawo afumaneka igama. Kwimeko yethu yiKomiti ePhambili ye-CPSU, ukubhalwa kweencwadi kubonakala ngathi yiKomidi Ephakathi. Ngethuba likaMongameli u-Yuri Andropov, owayengumphathi weKomiti yoKhuselo kaRhulumente, abantu baqanjwa ngokukrakra ngomzimba oyintloko. Wayebizwa ngokuba nguCheka weCPSU. Ukuchazwa kweli gama kwaphathwa ngokugqithiseleyo njengekomiti ye-chekist yeqela. Kwaye i-Chekists ibiza i-USSR ngamagosa okhuseleko karhulumente. Ngaloo ndlela, ukucacisa igama le-CPSU kusibonisa ukuguqulwa kwegama, ukuguqulwa kweengcamango zeengcinga kunye nokwandiswa kwempembelelo kweliziko lezopolitiko.