Iintengiselwano Exchange: iintlobo, iimpawu kunye neempawu

izenzo Mutual-nxaxheba ukuba uhlobo oluthile ngokuthengiswa kweempahla eziphathekayo, leyo ibizwa ngegama lika "kwifandesi", zibizwa ngegama elithi "kwintengiselwano". Iintlobo zemisebenzi ekuvunyelwene yahlulwe ntlobo ezine ezibanzi. Nabo ke, eziquka intengiselwano, noxhomekeke zonke iintlobo kwempahla kunye asethi ukuba ziphethwe mali ezininzi. Iintlobo kwintengiselwano kunye neempawu zazo thaca kweli nqaku.

ulwazi jikelele senkolelo

Exchange transaction, ingqiqo kunye neendidi esebenza ngqo kwinkalo amanyathelo-nxaxheba, ejolise ekufunyanweni (okanye ukulahlwa) ngamalungelo kunye noxanduva ahamba iimpahla ezithengiweyo ngaphakathi sikhokelo uhlobo oluthile ikhontrakthi zentengiso. Ekuhambeni yezi ntengiselwano zidluliselwa izinto bayafikelela novavanyo kunye umbukiso kwifandesi.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, iinkqubo ekuthiwa-Analysis stockjobbing esibonakala evela kumacala eziliqela. Bona ingqalelo ngokwemigaqo ngokuhambelana nemigangatho zeziko zokuziphatha zomthetho, ezoqoqosho kunye elula.

Ezi exchange iintlobo intengiselwano equlathe luhlu lulandelayo:

• anikele iimveliso, sikhatshwe ntetho leesampuli ezikumgangatho ophezulu;
• izivumelwano unikezelo impahla;
• mvumelwano ibandakanya ukudluliselwa ngumnini wee-asethi eziphathekayo ngokuxhomekeke iintlawulo non-ongxamisekileyo;
• zifikelela izivumelwano, ngenxa apho ilungelo (kodwa hayi isibophelelo) ukuthenga ezi okanye izibambiso okanye iimveliso ezithile elinye kwixesha ekuvunyelwene ngalo.

Ukuqinisekisa inkqubo othi

Ilungelo-odolo ngqo ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zorhwebo Exchange na umbutho nganye eyahlukileyo uphumeza ukwamkelwa abathengi nabathengisi ezisebenza entsimini zomthetho ethile. Jikelele okufanayo arhente nganye, ebizwa exchange, kuba imfuno yefomu esibhaliweyo isivumelwano phakathi bidders.

Umhla Eyona uxwebhu isampuli abubungqina isibakala bentengiselwano, kufuneka mayicaciswe gca ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• kukho ixesha elithile apho umbandela yorhwebo kulindeleke yi kumamkeli;
• Inani leeyunithi kwempahla;
• neziphawuli ukuba bagwetywe kubutyebi ezifunyenwe kwemigangatho ezisemgangathweni;
• tribal yano isihloko intengiselwano;
• ixesha kunye nohlobo lwentlawulo phantsi kwesivumelwano;
• nokuziswa bokuqonda kunye iqondo luxanduva amaqela.

Njengenxalenye yesivumelwano fixed-term kuvunyelwene amanqakwana amabini okugqibela kuphela ukusuka kuluhlu olungentla. Ixabiso kudla ngokuba imibandela. Olu hlobo lungiselelo ebizwa amakamva.

Izivumelwano ukunika ilungelo nokuthengwa kweempahla hayi ukuzibophelela, wathengiswa uhlobo olukhethekile lwephepha, ebizwa iinketho. Uthenga onjalo isiniki uxwebhu kunye nabo kuba umnini ilungelo ukuthenga imveliso ethile ngexesha elibekiweyo. Kulo mzekelo, ezi izibambiso ingasetyenziswa njengoko senzelwe zithengiswe, kwiCEMIS, kunye nethuba lokuba kuthengwe into echazwe kuzo.

imali yokwenzekayo

Enye iintlobo izivumelwano sonaniso Ngabo babizwa ngokuba uphumezo nangoko wo yingisela. Ngo-sikhokelo transfer lwamaphepha kunye nokubalwa lwenzeka ngomhla kokusayina isivumelwano. Olunye uhlobo kwintengiselwano kwemfuyo izivumelwano fixed-term, imixholo yazo ukuthenga nokuthengisa of lwemali yelinye ilizwe.

Ukuthenga abulawe kuthiwa imali ngoko nangoko kwaye inokuba yinto elula izivumelwano isampula kunye nezivumelwano kunye ingeniso uqikelelo. Ngelo xesha, ngenxa yokwenza ngamazwe, intlawulo lwako yokuxoxisana kufuneka kwenziwe ngoko nangoko okanye ungadlulanga owe ngaphezu Ngosuku lwesihlanu ukusebenza emva kokusayina amaxwebhu afanelekileyo. Ukuba iphakheji uthenge kuquka izabelo ngaphezulu kwe-100, ukubala singenziwa kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini.

market stock Russia bubekela ngokwemiqathango ngandlel ezahlukeneyo kwintlawulo uphumezo ngokukhawuleza zentengiselwano. Iimali ziya kudluliselwa kamva akukho ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbini. Njengenxalenye intengiselwano ubalo kuqhelekileyo kuthatha iinyanga ezintathu.

lekusasa

Izivumelwano ezinjalo katsa amanqaku ngqo imiqathango yentlawulo kunye nomhla ukusayina yabo, kwakunye nokusekwa ifomu ngaphaya zexabiso. Iintlobo kwezi izivumelwano abe ocacile, ngokusekelwe ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• ixesha ikhalenda, nto leyo enokuthi yenziwe intlawulo (pre-inani leentsuku, wayifaka ibhalwe);
• umhla isigqibo malunga nexabiso (isenokuba ngumhla kwentengiselwano okanye naliphi na inani);
• i bokuqonda imvumelwano, leyo kakhulu kuxhomekeka kuhlobo yayo (kunye kunokubonisa nomxholo lwale nto, ngamnye, iinketho njalo njalo. d.).

Ngokubanzi, aba iintengiselwano zohlulwa ngokwendidi ezimbini:

• yokubeka (xa uthatha inxaxheba kule mvumelwano ekupheleni kwekota ekuvunyelwene unelungelo elisemthethweni ukuba zombini ngumthengisi, and vice versa);
• ingxelo (a isivumelwano mutual ukutshintshwa izibambiso apho iqela abafumana uyavuma ukuthenga kubo bokubabuyisela kamva kwi ireyithi ephezulu).

Kukho iintlobo exchange kunye isivumelwano kwi esiphelweni sabo icebisa inkqubo apho omnye amaqela kwisivumelwano unelungelo lokufuna ukuba kwezinye ntetho izibambiso, inani apho iphindaphindwe into ethile. Ixabiso nganye, nangona kunjalo, kule meko uhlala fixed azuze inqanaba oko waphawulwa ngexesha kokugqitywa sivumelwano.

Nge transaction lokuthenga elandelayo, ukhetho kunye neembono

Umqukumbelo iimvumelwano udidi "ingxelo" yinxalenye iintlobo eziphambili kwintengiselwano kwaye yenye yeendidi izivumelwano kunye ubalo ukulibaziseka, nto leyo kukungabikho uzinzo kwimarike exchange angaphandle. Ukongeza kule miba ingentla apha, ezi ziquka intengiselwano apho tyalo zidluliselwa ngentlawulo in advance ekhethiweyo mbambano. ilifa esiPhakathi ihlala ixesha elibekiweyo, ingakumbi kuhlawulwa iindleko ngaphantsi koko iseti nokukhululwa elandelayo.

Intengiselwano ekupheleni apho ilungelo ekuthengeni iimpahla cingela kokuhlawula intlawulo ekupheleni kwexesha ekuvunyelwene, ixesha elo ke elingenakuba iveki yokusebenza ibe ngaphantsi kwe enye ukuya kutsho kwiinyanga ezimbini. Kwimeko apho umhla wolungiso ingqamana imini ikhalenda off, isibophelelo ukuba ahlawule isixa-mali esilindelweyo uboniswa ngokuzenzekelayo kude kube losuku lweveki elandelayo.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iintlobo kunye iimpawu iintengiselwano stock exchange ayinakuchazwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kukhankanywa zentelekelelo, lwenziwe phantsi kwe Bid. Kwangaxeshanye, nangona kusenokuthetha elibi kule kota, imisebenzi enjalo iingcali ezininzi ekuthiwa luncedo. Oku ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba intelekelelo ngandlela ithile abayithintelayo ukungalingani kwamaxabiso kunye nokulungelelana kwabo.

IMithetho Trading

kwintengiselwano abhalwe idinga. Ukongeza, kukho isithembiso, kubonakaliswa ngokusebenzisa inkcazelo eneenkcukacha iimeko ezincwadini, imiyalezo kwi-Internet, iminxeba njalo njalo. N.

Loo nxaxheba game okunanisa, leyo kunganxulunyaniswa iingcali idla ukwenza izahlulo zeshumi zibe nje ngegama lakhe kwaye ngeendleko zabo. Kubo, yimithetho zeziko, zinyanzelekile ukuba bavakalise ixabiso kwangaphambili kwaye bangakhe balinge baphume kubo yale misebenzi.

nezahlulo ezinjalo ngokuqinisekileyo iya kurekhodwa, ukuba kuphela eyenzekayo xa uxwebhu azotywe kakuhle. Kolu xwebhu, igunya elifanelekileyo kwenza uphawu kwaye ulunika namba zobuqu. Emva kokufumana yokhuseleko umyalelo, umnikazi wayo omtsha linyanzelekile ukuba lazise umntu evelisa ngayo.

Izifundo kunye yezinto ngokutshintshiselana kwezivumelwano

Ekubeni umdlalo kwimarike stock iyenziwa ngokungqongqo imithetho, kusekwe isakhiwo ecacileyo ezisebenza ngayo iinkqubo, ummiselo ecacileyo ixhomekeke uluhlu lwamalungu awo. Ezi ziquka:

• amaziko asebenza kwi-sikhokelo istock market imidlalo kuphela egameni yayo (abathengisi);
• abantu zomthetho okanye emzimbeni ukuba ubume borhwebo wabaseki;
• ngabasebenzi, benza izenzo zabo egameni yaye egameni iinkonzo.

Onke amalungu ngasentla, ekwenzeni imisebenzi yabo, njengezifundo yentengiselwano ingqalelo:

• zonke iintlobo kwempahla;
• izinto ekrwada;
• izabelo;
• ahlobene imveliso okanye inkonzo amaxwebhu eziphambili zemali (yezabelo);
• lwemali kazwelonke.

Abantu benza entlanganweni ukungcakaza, ukunika uncedo lwezomthetho ngqo kubathengisi ngamnye, kwaye enze iingcebiso jikelele ukuba wonke umntu, ngaphandle kokukhetha, ezikhulu, ukuba iintlobo kwintengiselwano stock kunye umyalelo ubhaliso lwabo kunokubangela isidingo esinjalo.

Iimveliso kunye neenkqubo ezingundoqo zorhwebo

Ukuthetha ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe yintoni kanye iimveliso zemali uthengiswe ngaphakathi sikhokelo intelekelelo, zezi zilandelayo:

• imveliso industrial;
• izinto zenzelwe ukuba usetyenzwe;
• Products kwinkalo yezolimo.

Price adweliswe izinto kurhwebo senziwa ngexesha indlela lotshintshiselwano. Xa intliziyo yabo ubuxoki, njengoko umthetho, amaxabiso ayalelayo ezamahala ibekwe, kunjalo, ngokunxulumene ngqo imithetho esekwe yi-arhente oqhuba ifandesi, ingakumbi iliso iintlobo intengiselwano ngezinto ngokwenene.

Uluhlu ezingundoqo kwiintengiselwano zezimali uqhutywe kwi-sikhokelo le misebenzi ibandakanya:

• ukuthenga nokuthengisa;
• inkqubo yokwenza uluhlu lwamaphepha bavuma norhwebo;
• nokubek'esweni ukuba ziyahambelana neemfuno exchange imali emiselwe (kwakunye neenkqubo zentelekelelo - abhalwe imiqathango);
• ukubulawa izivumelwano ekufikelelwe;
• ixabiso unit wacaphula isiseko kunye lwemali;
• Ukuphunyezwa kweenkqubo zokhuseleko;
• imali yesondlo ngokomthetho;
• cash and non-ekuhlawuleni amatyala;
• ukugcina amanani ukuze bafunde kwiimalike zemali kunye noqeqesha iziqinisekiso ezifanelekileyo;
• Iinkonzo ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwemali;
• indaba izibambiso.

intengiso

Njengenxalenye yexabiso okunanisa asethi kumdlalo jikelele ingakumbi kuzizibambiso kumiselwa kuxhomekeke kwiimeko ezininzi:

• iziphumo amalungiselelo abarhwebi mahala (abathengisi);
• ngokunxulumene nemithetho efanelekileyo emarike (kuthathelwa ingqalelo Uqoqosho yanamhlanje);
• esekelwe kwi-siseko engundoqo i kwifandesi.

Amaxabiso esekwe ekuhambeni thethwano, ngendlela enye okanye omnye ngokusekelwe kuhlobo imarike ngoku, nto leyo edla mthombo uphambili ulwazi zingafumaneka ngokwenza isigqibo esixhasa isigqibo sokugqibela.

Izivumelwano ekufikelelwe kuyo ngamaqela ngaphakathi sikhokelo ukhuphiswano kuhlobo efkunyeesi, nezaziwa ngokuba "kwintengiselwano" didi. Iintlobo izivumelwano eziliqela iimpawu zazo zithwala kwaye umdla omkhulu, njengeziko zemali ezizodwa.

iimpawu yemnyama.Iifandesi

kwifandesi Public, uthatha indawo kwi-sikhokelo zentelekelelo, yahlulelwe ngokucacileyo ngeentlobo ezimbini eziphambili - abaqhelekileyo (classical) okanye kabini. Eyokuqala ngabo kuyo, ngenxa imfuno omncinane iimveliso ezifundiswayo, kukhuphiswano komsindo omnye komnye abathengisi nje. Uhlobo lwesibini ibandakanya intsebenziswano kunye ukhuphiswano abathengi njengoko ziyalela iintlobo kunye neenjongo exchange kwiintengiselwano.

Umbono ezaziwa kwentengiso luguqulelo British ugqatso, uphawu apho kukunyuka kwamaxabiso kule nkqubo - ukusuka ezantsi ukuya omnye lowo iimpahla ziya kuzaliseka.

Izicelo malunga nokuthatha inxaxheba ifandesi kwi ubume abathengisi ezinikiweyo kwangaphambili, apho kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela isifundo, le ephambili yovavanyo kwimpahla iimveliso lokusekwa uluhlu kwempahla kuluhlu. Pre-set kunye nobukhulu inyathelo, nto leyo eza kuphumeza ukukhula ixabiso labo ngexesha esidlangalaleni.