Iintsimbi: imbali ingenzeka

Phakathi iintlobo unokwakhela beadwork kuthatha indawo ekhethekileyo. Imbali imvelaphi yayo isekelwe kudala enzulu. Olu hlobo intsomi lwezobugcisa zithandwa kakhulu kwaye eqhelekileyo kumazwe amaninzi. Kwathi sihambisane imikhwa fashion kwaye nasekusungulweni ezo zinto zifundwayo kunye nobuchule ukusebenza naye zenzeka ngesantya efanayo naleyo inkqubela loluntu.

BC

Imbali isahlakalo iintsimbi yaqala kanye phambi kokufika impucuko enkulu yamandulo. Le nto iye usoloko nomtsalane amagcisa of zaphawula ezahlukeneyo ngeempawu balo. umsebenzi Art ngayo yavela ngexesha yomntu kwakudala.

Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo, xa kungekho nto ezifana "amaso", abantu ihonjiswe imizimba yazo zamatye okanye amabamba zezilwanyana, nto leyo imigodi ngeentsontelo.

Amaso Kwakhona zithandwa ngemihla kwezi emphaya yamandulo yamandla. Oobawo kwabo kwaba kokokuhombisa kuthetha ukhuseleka kwimimoya emdaka. Phakathi ezenziwe ayikho enye yabantu zakudala namhlanje matye olubengezela kakuhle, nto leyo kugrunjwa.

Izinto zokuqala

History of inkangeleko amaso kunye iintsimbi kwakhona enemvelaphi yayo ngemihla xa abantu benza ngokwabo izincedisi ezahlukahlukeneyo iimbewu, pods, amandongomane, amaqokobhe kunye neenzipho namathambo. Ngokude hayi umntu akholelwa ukuba xa kukho ukunxiba into evela izilwane efileyo, enjengam jewellery Ndimse engxondeni ukususela kuhlaselo lerhamncwa, okanye wenze yomelele kwaye ukhaliphe ngakumbi.

Imbali amaso kunye iintsimbi nako enxulumene kunye nokudalwa amaso zethu nodongwe izinyanya. Lombumbi calcined zabo wawutyabeka ngepeyinti. Xa lo msebenzi waqalisa ukuphuhlisa, waqalisa ukusasaza iibhola yentsimbi emngxunyeni. Kwezi, yenza izacholo kunye imbala, bakhonza kwiqhezu leengxoxo, nokuba afuzisela ubutyebi namandla.

amaNdiya

Ngoncedo izihombo abantu abathetha inqubo yabo. imibono ngakumbi enjalo ukudliwa ukusuka Native abaseMelika. Imbali isahlakalo iintsimbi kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo amaIndiya, owasebenzisa amaso lwakho ukuhombisa imizi, waluka iiteyiphu bephela, bebalulwe iinwele, ezahlukahlukeneyo iingubo zabo. Ngaphandle kolu lokubhalela ielementi yentsimbi akazange enze naliphi na ezisebunzi, imixwayo isiko, ezalwa umntwana okanye bebulala.

E North America wasebenzisa amaso ezenziwe ekonookrwece iintsiba. Kwakhona kusetyenziswa ukwenza kubo eninzi nezinye izinto. Umzekelo, ngenxa yale njongo iphathwa coral, nekarbhunkolo, isilivere kunye nabanye.

Yenza yamaMaya nejeyidi Olmec bafumana ithandwa enkulu. Ukongeza, Abembi bezinto zakudala bafumana amaso, owaba njengesiseko negolide rock crystal. Kwaye ke amaYiputa amandulo wayedla ukwenza nomkhenkce amaso ezizodwa.

Egypt yamandulo

History of the iintsimbi enemvelaphi yayo eYiputa yamandulo, leyo ibizwa ngokuba khona olu hlobo ezimfakamfele ngasekunene. Inyaniso yokuba kweli lizwe malunga 3000 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo kwemoto iglasi, ukusuka apho yaqala imveliso yokuqala kula maso. Kuqala ke ngaphaya kwaye zisetyenziswe ukuhombisa iimpahla koFaro ezinkulu. AmaYiputa kwakhona ephothiweyo zomqala amaso nezimfakamfele elungisa kubo.

Imbali iintsimbi amanyathelo zibe inyathelo elinye kunye nophuhliso lonke uluntu. Kumanqanaba okuqala ikhona, ezi amaso wakhonza ngenxa oyimfakamfele kunye nokuzidibanisa le zesiqhelo kwi vulu eziphathekayo. Kodwa yaqala ukubonakala omtsha ngexesha, ekhulisa iinguqulelo izicelo zabo.

Umnatha Ukusungulwa aluka yaba negalelo ukuvela iimveliso kule hardware elizimeleyo. Emva koko saqala ukusebenzisa ngokwandileyo iipatheni ezahlukeneyo kunye izikimu, kunye namaso yadluliselwa kwinqanaba elitsha. AmaYiputa lahlanganisa amaso iglasi ngamatye ezahlukeneyo anqabileyo nesinyithi amanene. Ubucwebe wadala kulo mbandela, waqalisa ukusasaza kwamanye amazwe.

WaseRoma yaye ihlabathi

Ngoko nangoko emva kokuba ikhuni eYiputa ngamaso ubugcisa wathabatha elaseSiriya, emva koko yonke baseRoma uBukhosi, nolwathi lwalandelwa ehlabathini lonke. I-Chinese wasungula isixhobo ukuba kwakuba kwiplanga kwenziwa kwi ngocingo, apho wela amaso. It isasetyenziswa nangoku namhlanje kwaye sibizwa eyilwayo.

AmaRoma abafake bethengisa amaso kuzo zonke iindawo bukhosi. Le ifenitshala kwakhona Babemqhelile kumaCelts amandulo kunye Vikings, ngubani basonta ngaphandle amaso zakhe bemiliza, iimpahla nezimfakamfele. Abanye abantu bamandulo kusetyenziswa njengendawo chip leengxoxo.

Imbali beadwork eRashiya intsukaphi amaxesha zezizwe abavela kuzo amaSarmatia neyamaSkitiya. athandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabo iimpahla ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye nezihlangu, ezihonjiswe amaso. Nkqu ambalwa eminyaka ngaphambi kwexesha lamaKristu ukuba zalungisa ngeglasi amaso ezibomvu, imikhono kunye neehempe esifubeni. Hayi ngaphandle amaso ezimibalabala kunye nebhulukhwe uhombiso, nama iminqwazi.

Venice

ngenkuthalo ukwenza iintsimbi, ogama imbali kuhlangene ukuba glassmaking, kuphuhliswa e Venice. Emva uBukhosi baseRoma folokohlo kwiriphabliki wasukuma phezu uninzi amagcisa ezivela Greece Byzantium. Kwiinkulungwane 10-12 ezi amaso langabom kunye yezandla ezahlukeneyo kubo.

Yaye ngenkulungwane ye-13, kwafika eli shishini phandle apha ukuya kwinqanaba elitsha. Kule 90 yokuqala zonke mveliso iglasi wafuduselwa kwisiqithi okuhlola. Masters yayivelisa iintlobo amaso, amaso, amaqhosha, kwakunye izitya nezibuko. Bakhuthalele bathengisa yonke indalo zabo.

Naples yahlukile kwezinye amaziko yobugcisa ukuba kangangeenkulungwane ngayo kwelekorale. technology glass ngokudala iinkosi yelo ifihlwe ngenyameko. Ingakumbi imfihlakalo enkulu yaba iresiphi soda.

Kuye kongezwa kwentlabathi ukuze ufumane inkcazelo kuyo iintsimbi. Imbali kwakhona isixelela oku njengoko inqanda ukuthunyelwa iglasi evela yaseVenice, ukuba akukho owasemzini ayikwazanga baqhekeka imfihlelo indalo yakhe.

Ukuqalisa ukususela ngenkulungwane ye-14 glassmaking republic nganye yayigqalwa ummeli kwezakhi wawuyinyhweba yoluntu. 15 murantsy wavuka ulawulo yayo, inkqubo yenkundla kunye lwemali. Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili ubuciko ngenkulungwane 17 glassmakers yelo abanamava amaxesha okusemandleni alo.

Lo mmandla eminyaka umvelisi kuphela ubuhlalu. Nebiziswa ngabathengisi zalo ukuya eMpuma kunye West, benikana yona nobobulawu, isilika, kunye, kakade, igolide. izizwe zaseAfrika babesebenzisa amaso nje chip leengxoxo.

Europe

Ukwenza iintsimbi, imbali ngemvelaphi apho kuhlangene ukuba ukusasazeka kwayo kwihlabathi jikelele, babenempilo imfuno enkulu eYurophu. Xa ilizwe lakhe, yayakhiwe phantsi yonke yokugcina lo myalezo amalungiselelo imiboniso zokuthengisa amaso.

Ezibaluleke kakhulu njengento amaso brilliant and encinane, nto leyo lwalunobude wesiqingatha isentimitha. Sasikuthanda ithandwa enkulu brocades amaso egudisiweyo wawutyabeka ngaphakathi ngegolide okanye isiliva.

Ukufunyanwa of America , kunye indlela emfutshane eIndiya bayachatshazelwa le iintsimbi. Imbali indalo yayo safudukela kwinqanaba elitsha. Endaweni zocweyo iglasi waqala ukwakha izityalo ezinkulu. Amaziko ezinjalo omkhulu ngentsimbi Spain, Portugal, eNetherlands, eNgilane France. Imihombiso kwathengiswa ngokupheleleyo Northern Europe.

zobuchwepheshe ezintsha

Kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-18 izise iinguqu ezintsha bamaZulu. History kwaye ngoku beza kunye Bulelani ukuvela koomatshini ukuba wenza ityhubhu kweglasi. Xa oku, imveliso amaso uye ngokukhawuleza kwaye sitshiphu.

ukhuphiswano olungamandla emarikeni phakathi eVenice eBohemia waba negalelo enamandla ngokuqulunqa kweenkosi iintlobo ngeentlobo imibala, iimilo kunye nobukhulu lwezilinganisi. Yena ufumana ngokuthandwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwabafazi eYurophu. Clothing, zobuhlalu, waba kakhulu nendlela.

Assembly of the State Hermitage kule baqhubeka iisampuli ezizodwa izinto zonke iimpahla ukusuka ngelo xesha. Ekubeni amaso iglasi ukumelana ngokugqibeleleyo ixesha, ukuba usabambelele kule ukukhanya kwazo kunye nomtsalane.

modernity

On icandelo kweyama-19 kunye 20 ehlabathini lonke, le nto kwakhona ibe ibango eliphezulu kakhulu. It yasetyenziswa ukuba bahombise neebhegi zamanenekazi, izipaji, iitreyi, kunye nezinye izinto.

Amaso kunye namhlanje isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ekudaleni fashion izacholo, yaye ukusebenza kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo izinto ngubo. Imbali iintsimbi abantwana umdla gqitha yaye ezininzi. Kunokuba ibe inkuthazo ukuze aqale ukuba nenxaxheba kolu hlobo emangalisayo oyimfakamfele womluki.