Urhulumente ophakathi

Urhulumente ophakathi kwimeko apho inkqubo yolawulo isekelwe kumgaqo wokuthotyelwa kwawo onke amabhunga olawulo karhulumente ophantsi kwinqanaba elilodwa, elilawula lonke inkqubo kunye nokuludibanisa.

Kulo mhlaba, umhlaba (imihlaba, iiyunithi zolawulo, njl. Njl.) Zihlangene nomthetho oqhelekileyo wezopolitiko kunye nemarike efana nezoqoqosho ngokumalunga negunya eliphambili. Ngelo xesha, kwinqanaba lokuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwamazwe, ubukumkani obungenamkhawulo bubekwe ngohlobo lwe-absolutism (nge-autocracy).

E-Rashiya, ilizwe elithile lasekuhlaleni lasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-15 phantsi kweIvan III. Isixeko saso esikhulu sasiyiMoscow. Ukugqitywa kweenkqubo zentsebenziswano zenzeke kunye neRomanovs yokuqala, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwe-absolutism phantsi kwePetros I.

Umbutho onjalo wezopolitiko kunye nommandla welizwe usekelwe kwicandelo lazo zonke iindawo kumaphondo, kwizithili, kwimimandla enokuzimela. Urhulumente unomthetho owodwa, uhlanga oluqhelekileyo, inkqubo yamandla karhulumente kunye namaziko karhulumente, inkqubo yerhafu kunye neerhafu , uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali , njl.

Umoya ophakathi ukhona ngenxa yenani leenjongo. Okokuqala kwaye okubaluleke kakhulu, lo manyano kazwelonke, owona mqathango obaluleke kakhulu wokubunjwa kwelo hlobo lokuhlanganiswa kwamazwe nabantu abahlala kuwo. Urhulumente ngexesha elifanayo libonisa iimfuno zesizwe lonke njengabantu bezopolitiko, kunokuba bahluke kwiindawo zentlalo, intlalontle okanye iintlanga. Siyabulela kwisiko esinamandla, kukho ukuhlanganiswa koluntu, okwakungenakwenzeka kwangaphambili ngenxa yokubambisana kwabameli ngabanye abahloniphekileyo ababethe amandla.

Ezi zilandelayo ziyimpawu ebalulekileyo yombuso ophakathi.

I-central factor factor is a need to create a state authority. Kuphela urhulumente ophakathi uyakwazi ukuhlanganisa imithetho jikelele kwaye unike iinkonzo zoluntu kubemi. Ubukho balo bubonelela abantu ithuba lokufuduka kwamahhala ukusuka kommandla omnye ukuya kwenye.

Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yokuphuhlisa olu hlobo loluntu lulingano loluntu lwabemi balo bonke. Kwiimeko zokunikezelwa kwamalungelo, ezinye iinkonzo zolawulo kunye nezopolitiko zithembela kuphela ngamandla abo. Ukulungisa ukungalingani, kuyimfuneko ukuba ube negunya elikarhulumente eliphambili elinamandla amaninzi kunemimandla enexabiso elincinci lezoqoqosho kwaye, ngenxa yoko, unengxaki ezinzulu zoluntu kunye neemfuno zoluntu.

Iinkqubo zentsebenziswano zihamba ngokubambisana nokuqiniswa koqoqosho lwelizwe. Iziko elilodwa lolawulo liyakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukukhula koqoqosho oluzinzileyo kunye nokudala isiseko (inkqubo yonxibelelwano).

Inani labemi abaninzi lizigidi. Ngoko ke, okwangoku, ulawulo lwabo alukwazi ukuba luncedo ngethuba lokuqala kwimbali yophuhliso. Izizathu zolu buxoki kwiengozi zeengxabano eziphathekayo. Ngoko ke, ngoku iinkqubo zentsebenziswano kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi ziqala ukuguqula - ukunikezelwa kwemali.

I-state ephakathi ibonakaliswe ukungabi nako kokuzimela kwendawo, kuba imisebenzi yorhulumente wengingqi yenziwa ngabalawuli (amagosa) aqeshwe ukusuka phezulu. Ngoko ke, kule meko, iimpawu zezopolitiko ezigunyazayo zicacile ngokucacileyo. Inqanaba elikhulu lokuphambili kwezemali liyabonwa kwiindawo apho kukho inkqubo ebonakalayo yemibutho karhulumente. Namhlanje, ngendlela ecocekileyo, inkqubo enjalo ingabonwa kuphela kwiimeko zemikhosi yempi.