Ikhotheji yaseChekhov Gurzuf (ifoto)

kuyo ehlobo yaseChekhov kaThixo Gurzuf, ogama iifoto wavatha ngabakhokeli ezininzi eCrimea, indawo lokuphambukela bonke abo nolinda iincwadi Russian kunye nenkcubeko. Ndwendwela kufanele ubuncinane ukuze ndincome eweni Pushkin kunye kwelanga.

YaseChekhov eCrimea

YaseChekhov ubehleli emthanda eMoscow zithanda ukuhlala kumbindi weRashiya. Noko ke, ngo-1898, oogqirha wacebisa umbhali ukutshintsha kwemozulu koma kubalele, kuba xa wayeneminyaka esibhozo ndinesifo TB.

Ukuya eCrimea, Yalta, yaseChekhov bathenga umhlaba apho wakha indlu ezinemigangatho emibini, leyo ibizwa ngokuba "cottage White." Ngowe-1899 wababeka apho nodade wabo kunye nonina. Kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva, umbhali waqonda ukuba wenze okubi, ngokuba bonke ababesiza eCrimea, waza wafumanisa ukuba ubomi Yalta yaseChekhov, wagqiba ukumtyelela. Ekuqaleni, oko udiniwe, yaye ekugqibeleni waqalisa ukuba emke ngokwayo. Oku kungqinwa ngumbhali ileta eya kumzalwana wakhe Alexander, apho ubhala athi endaweni nemiqolomba kwi eCrimea imali yabo, yena "ikwazile ukwakha entolongweni."

Ukuthenga indlu Gurzuf

Ngowe-1900, yaseChekhov waqalisa ukudibana Olgoy Leonardovnoy Knipper, ababekhonza njengoko ngumdlali weqonga kwi Moscow Art Theatre. Ngoko ke, wagqiba ekubeni athenge indlu encinane indawo yokusabela yena phi kundisindisa ingqalelo okukruqulayo yabahlobo abayithandayo. Ngengozi, wafunda intengiso ye-Tatar njengephempe Gurzuf ukuba eninzi imali ngaloo mihla - 3000 engange. YaseChekhov watyelela indlu, yaye wakuthanda ngokwenene, ingakumbi ngenxa ubuhle. Oku akumangalisi, kuba Gurzufsky Bay kudala umdla amagcisa. Ngokukodwa, oko amrholela H. Bidstrup, R. Kent, I. Aivazovsky, umfundi wakhe marinist Mahtesyan, yaye kamva - ezinjalo amagcisa ezaziwayo-kakuhle kwinkulungwane yama-20, ezifana neengxowa, Kukryniksy, Bisti, kunye nabanye abaninzi. Z Ngaphezulu, kuye iphefumlelwe, Mayakovskogo Michael Dudina, E. rein, B. Chichibabina.

Kwileta eya udade yakhe Anton uthetha malunga ukufunyanwa kwabo, eyincoma nento yokuba ngoku usapho lwabo ophethe "yonke Cove apho isikhephe angaba ...". Indlu ngokwayo, ngamazwi akhe, iintwala, kodwa ibe amagumbi ezine nevaranda enkulu.

Imbali Cottage A. P. chehova Gurzuf

Ngehlobo lowe-1900 kwababemenyiwe yokuqala yendlu entsha umbhali kwakumi unina, nodade Maria kunye nentsapho umzalwana wakhe Ivan. Thile emva weza umfazi wakhe elizayo O. L. Knipper, kunye Michael yaseChekhov nonkosikazi wakhe kunye nabantwana. Ngamanye amaxesha batyelela, kwaye umzalwana amakhulu Anton Pavlovich - Alexander.

Ngo-Agasti 1900 e-dacha e Gurzuf iintsuku ezimbalwa "basindileyo," yaye A. P. Chehov ngokwakhe. Yena wafuna ukuba yedwa ukusebenza kwi isenzo sokuqala "Odade abathathu." Umbhali wazama akukho namnye akufumanisa ukuba mbuso wakhe, ngoko phantse namnye kubahlobo bam waya kuyo ehlobo ngexesha lokudla kwakhe ubomi. Ngaphandle kuphela I. A. Bunin kunye Vera Komissarzhevskaya. In Gurzuf Anton wanikela ifoto wakhe odumileyo umdlali edlala kunye nombhalo. Yona Bunin, Kwathi kuyo ehlobo yaseChekhov ngowe-1900, yaye entwasahlobo ka-1901.

Phantsi ukuthanda umbhali, oluqulunqwe Agasti 3, 1901, izindlu ezithengiswayo Gurzuf emva kokufa kwakhe ukuba umfazi wakhe O. L. Knipper. Wayemthanda le ndlu kwaye wachitha unyaka kukho ihlobo. Ngaphandle kuphela iminyaka imfazwe. Siyazi kwakhona ukuba ngexesha leMfazwe Civil wafumana indawo yokusabela apho amagcisa 'amaqela Kachalovskaya "apho lahlala kumazantsi Russia. Kamva, iindwendwe Gurzuf dacha S. Richter, I. Kozlovsky kunye O. N. Efremov.

ixesha lokugqibela O. Knipper weza eMoscow ngowe-1953, yaye kwiminyaka 5 kamva, Wathengisa Gurzuf dacha artist Meshkov. ngoko yathengwa yi-Union of Artists. Kwiminyaka ye perestroika, phezu inyathelo yendlu O. Efremov wambuyisela kwifomu apho bekukwangelo AP yaseChekhov.

exposure

Museum yokuhlala ehlotyeni yaseChekhov e-Gurzuf ukususela ngo-1996. Ezi ndwendwe ye kwinkcazelo, ezibandakanya iinxalenye ezimbini. Kwenye emagumbini endlu uyakwazi ukubona izinto zobuqu kunye namaxwebhu akwi yaseChekhov kunye O. L. Knipper, kwaye eyesibini - kunye imiboniso azinikele kwimbali umdlalo odumileyo "Oodade ezintathu". Amafoto thaca AMAGQABAZA ▸ zabalinganiswa zayo, iikopi amaphepha-ngqangi, le ncwadi kuqala, neentlelo ezahlukeneyo ka-1901.

Of umdla phakathi iindwendwe izithombe le iphambili kumdlalo kwi Moscow Art Theatre ngoJanuwari 1901 kunye namalungu ayo. Xa museum uyakwazi kwakhona ukubona izixhaso zokwenene kunye nabadlali ezincinane ababandakanyekayo. Ukongeza, izinto yabamba ezinye nokusindlekwa umdlalo "Oodade ezintathu" Nemirovich-Danchenko 1940.

Lo mboniso, enikelwe abahlobo kunye namalungu osapho ekuchubekeni

Ngo-1999, i-A. lizwe indlu-imyuziyam P. chehova Gurzuf thaca kwi iindwendwe of iifoto, imizobo, amaxwebhu kunye nezinye izinto ezinxulumene usapho zombhali. Namhlanje, kukho ungabona yakhiwe incwadi enemifanekiso yabantu Anton Pavlovich, ezo zenziwe amagcisa abadumileyo. Phakathi kwazo kukho imisebenzi Levitan, O. Braz (ukupeyinta olugunyaziswe Tretyakov Gallery ngo-1898), V. Serov 1902, kwakunye ukupeyinta yaseChekhov ebutsheni bakhe, yasekwa umzalwana wakhe Nicholas ngo-1884. I-museum yaye kunqabile, iifoto-yaziwa kancinane, nto leyo iminyaka emininzi zigcinwa oovimba bendlu-museum e Yalta ekuchubekeni.

Ukufumana apho

kuyo ehlobo yaseChekhov kaThixo Gurzuf (dilesi:. p yaseChekhov, 22) ifumaneka ngqo elunxwemeni. Ukusuka Yalta (ukusuka ibhasi) ukufumana khona iindlela ezimbini elula:

• Ngeteksi №106 ukuya stop "ifolokhwe", ngoko - ngeenyawo kwicala eweni. Kufuneka uye malunga nekhilomitha.
• Xa №31b iteksi, ecaleni Gurzuf. Fumana eyimfuneko indawo yokugcina. Ngoko ke kufuneka ukuba uye 200-300 m, zimpawu ezilandelayo zabakhenkethi.

Cottage ivuliwe kubatyeleli ukususela ku-Apreli ukuya ekuqaleni Novemba, ngalo naluphi na usuku, ngaphandle ngoMvulo nangoLwesibini. Ifowuni Museum: 36-30-05.

Iindleko itikiti ngokupheleleyo - 100 engange, kwaye uhambo, eziquka ukuhlolwa yomyezo kwintendelezo yesikhumbuzo kwaye bay, kubiza imali engange-50 ..

kuyo ehlobo yaseChekhov xa Gurzuf: ukubuyekeza

Abakhenkethi abaninzi sele abo batyelela imyuziyam yombhali, bakholelwa ukuba indawo leyo uxabisa utyelelo kwabo lowo sikwiholide e Yalta. Kuqala kwinto zonke, abakhenkethi ukubhiyozela umoya omangalisayo elawula endlwini kweyadi yakhe, kwakunye ithuba lokonwabela izimvo ulwandle ezintle. Le ethile kuphela, leyo zifundwe kwi ukubuyekeza ephoswe ngabakhenkethi phezu namaqonga eengxoxo, kukuba kuyo ehlobo yaseChekhov e-Gurzuf uvaliwe ngooLwezibini, kwakunye ivaliwe elininzi lonyaka. Kukho Kusoloko ezixineneyo, ngoko akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokulula ihlole zonke nemiboniso thaca.

Ngoku uyazi apho kuyo ehlobo yaseChekhov likaThixo Gurzuf nendlela ukuya apho, ngoko ngethuba leeholide kwi eCrimea uya kuba nako kangaka ukuthetha,, waye kulala umbhali omkhulu, ngezenzo apho kudlala ngaphezu kwekhulu musa kuhla ukusuka phambili onke amazwekazi.