Isinqandi additive kubumeslani udaka. Types, ngesifo sephepha, sebenzisa

Ngokuqinisekileyo, senze ukwakhiwa ubusika nzima ngaphezu ehlotyeni. Amaninzi, imozulu ayikho nathi ukwenza umsebenzi osemgangathweni. ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kuneqabaka kakhulu kuqhubeka iqela lokwakha leengcali, okanye inkosi, abanqwenela ukuba bahlale emakhayeni abo ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Usizo olukhulu kwabo nabanye ziya kunikezelwa kudla nokubanda. ukusetyenziswa lokugqibela ukuthintela ukuqaqadeka ngaphambi nesamente.

Yintoni isongezo isinqandi kwi isisombululo?

Ngenxa umthetho, kukho ukuhla kakhulu abakhi lobushushu okukufutshane uqala ukubona iingxaki ezongezelelekileyo ngexesha zokusebenza eziphathekayo kunye nazo zonke iintlobo izisombululo. Kungenxa yokuba ezo zililo nesamente-based musa Asikunyamezeli iqabaka. Ngenxa yoko, xa amaqondo obushushu -5 ^{° C,} kubonakala izisombululo qualitative ayeke ukuzuza amandla.

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, kakhulu kusetyenziswa ongeziweyo master zinendlela ekwaziyo withstanding lobushushu nokuhla ³⁵ ° kunye ngaphezulu C. imixube ezikhethekileyo slurries ala machiza, izithako ezisebenzayo leyo ukwehlisa qhwa amanzi. Ngenxa yoko, i-njengekonkile bayazilandela kwi wamatye, nkqu kubanda kakhulu.

Ingxaki Umbutho ababedume engqeleni

Ekuqhutyweni zokwakha ebusika iba izakhiwo ezininzi kunzima ukunika amandla afunekayo. Xa lobushushu iwela ngaphantsi zero, ukwakhiwa ulwelo crystallizes kwi isisombululo. Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo ukuxovwa lwesamente ziyakupheliswa.

Ngenxa yokwanda lobushushu umkhenkce kwakheka ngaphakathi wamatye kunye nokwakha eziphathekayo umphezulu uqala ukunyibilika, oko ngokuyimfuneko ebangela ukwehla isisombululo adhesion. Enye nefuthe elibi yi ukuyilwa imigodi ezincinane kubume eziphathekayo, nto leyo ekugqibeleni kukhokelela ekutshatyalalisweni ngokwanelisayo ngokukhawuleza ezindongeni nakwiisilingi.

Iimpawu kulungiselelwa yezisombululo

Nangona kukho iimeko zokusebenza nzima, isitena ebusika kusenokungabi wobunjani ophantsi kwe ngexesha efudumeleyo. Noko ke, ukuze kuzuzwe iziphumo ezilindelekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukulungiselela isisombululo ezizodwa, apho ekwakhiweni kufuneka ongeziweyo zinendlela langoku.

Ukungena kumalungiselelo udaka, kufuneka uthathe unonophelo aphephe. Hlala ukhumbula ukuba phantse zonke ukwakheka isinqandi additive luphawulwa iikhemikhali ngendlela ndlongo enokonakalisa impilo. Ngoko ke, kulungiselelwa umsebenzi eziphathekayo ezifunekayo iiglavu enzima, izibuko zokhuseleko, iibhutsi irabha kunye mhlawumbi xa ovaroli.

Ngesizathu ngasentla ixutywa ikhontenti izinto eziyityhefu akafanelanga ukuba zisetyenziswe ekwakhiweni kweziseko kunye neendonga axhasayo zezakhiwo. Njengoko nokubanda additive kubumeslani nodaka akuvumelekanga ukuba isicelo umsebenzi ngaphakathi kwisakhiwo.

Iintlobo kwezithako emelana

Kukungciba umthungo akwazi ukufumana inqanaba ezaneleyo amandla de abancedisi fluid iqabaka ngokuqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa nodaka isinqandi zilandelayo kudla wamatye:

• Umanyolo (potassium carbonate).
• Sodium nikuda.
• Sodium chloride.
• Isodiyam nayitrayithi (sodium oxide).
• Ipotaziyam chloride.

Kuba umsebenzi ukuthoba amaqondo obushushu bendawo ukuya -15 ^{° C} isisombululo kangangoko bekuya kuba ukusetyenziswa kwezithako isinqandi ngohlobo nayitrayithi kunye sodium nikuda.

Xa imozulu kakhulu kubanda phantsi ku -30 ^{° C} kufuneka zisetyenziswe umanyolo. Abaxhamla kule isisombululo - zokuzikhusela obubonakala umhlwa kwimeko ulwakhiwo Iizilebhu lwesamente. Ukusetyenziswa potassium carbonate nokuthintela isenzeko efflorescence kwisisombululo eqina. Njengoko ongeziweyo ikhlorini, le yokugqibela musa ukuzibambezela ukutshatyalaliswa iinxalenye uqinisa of izakhiwo.

ukusetyenziswa additive zinendlela

Ekwenziweni ezaqanjwa ukuba wenze izitena kubalulekile ukugcina olinganise ezifunekayo. ukuba baxhomekeke, ubukhulu becala, xa amaqondo obushushu kuma kulo.

Makhe sijonge avareji amabanga ukuba ukusetyenziswa kakhulu ezaziwayo "anti-ngumkhenkce" kwitheyibhile. It ibonisa ukusetyenziswa kwezithako isinqandi njengepesenti ubunzima zesamente.

plasticizers

isisombululo additive isinqandi ingathathelwa indawo plasticizers ezikhethekileyo ezandisa okubuyela kwimo yokuba njengodaka kunciphisa imfuno isicelo bolwelo. Esebenzisa ukusetyenziswa yokugqibela iintsuku ezininzi kule ndawo, babeka ye phantse akukho tshintsho. Ngoko ke, lo isinyibiliko ixesha uthathe nkqu yeqabaka ebonakalayo.

Ngaphandle wokwakha, zinokusetyenziswa loo ezithile additive isinqandi ngenxa kwimixube kwakuse lokulungisa ilungiselelo yomgangatho self-sokulinganisa, xa imisebenzi eziphathekayo. Izinto plasticizing zixubene kunye namanzi amancinane. umxholo wabo Isisombululo malunga ne-5% ngokobunzima lwesamente. Ukugcina olinganise ezaneleyo ukuze enze bamba ethembekileyo kweemeko ze amaqondo aphantsi.

Into ekufuneka uyazi malunga nendlela abaqhuba ngayo kumsebenzi wamatye ngexesha ebusika?

Ukuze ukuba kudana iziphumo kwimisebenzi yokwakha ukuba yenziwa kwi yokusebenza kubushushu obuphantsi, ngokwaneleyo ukuba banikele ingqalelo ezi ngcebiso zilandelayo:

1. aziyi kusetyenziswa izinto zokwakha wokwakha, Bathiwe wambu ikhephu, iqabaka okanye icing.
2. Onke amacandelo isisombululo ikamva, kuquka ongeziweyo isinqandi kunye plasticizers, kufuneka igcinwe eyomileyo ndawo, umoya kwiqondo lobushushu voice.
3. Kungakhathaliseki ukuba ubume iimeko isisombululo kunye nobushushu ngexesha lasebusika iklatshi Kucetyiswa ukwenza ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ukunqongophala ukubambezeleka ivumela arhente ukuba uthathe ngokukhawuleza.
4. Ukuya ukwaphula ezintlwini wamatye kuyimfuneko ukuba ekhusela izisongeli zeplastiki yixina njengayo nayiphi na enye into efanelekileyo indima kwiziko olusebenzayo ukuvalelwa okwethutyana.
5. Njengesiseko ukulungiselela isisombululo ayikho ukusebenzisa uphawu isamente M-50 ngezantsi. Ukunxulumana yeekhomponenti nkqu kwimeko "anti-ngumkhenkce" kufuneka kwenziwe kwigumbi efudumeleyo.
6. Ukuba ukusebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi kubhetele ukuba zincede zikhethe ukufumana izisombululo ugqibile, nelo-arhente isinqandi kusenziwa ngokwemilinganiselo elilelona naxa kwinqanaba yemveliso.

Ngenxa yoko,

Ekwenzeni umsebenzi wokwakha ngexesha lasebusika eyona nto ibalulekileyo - musa ukulibala ukongeza isisombululo zinendlela okhethekileyo. Noko ke, ukuqaliswa "zinendlela" lulwakhiwo isamente kuba njengento enokwenzeka kuphela xa ubushushu kokugquma uvikivwa ku -5 medium ^C.

Ngexesha ukulungiselela isisombululo neze Kucetyiswa ukuba basebenzise ixesha elide ndazigcina ongeziweyo zinendlela endala kunye ezikhabhathini ethandabuzekayo. Kungenjalo, imfundo kuya kufuneka ukuba uhlawule amabala onzima kunye efflorescence phezu kobuso izakhiwo.