Ileukemia wentsholongwane neekati: iimpawu kunye nonyango

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba iyeza mihla unalo ulwazi oluninzi luncedo malunga zomhlaza ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ngokwendalo, le nto bambalwa kakhulu abantu nemihlali, kuba salatha ukusasazeka ngokubanzi zomhlaza eluntwini. Ukongeza, ezi zifo badla kuchaphazela abazalwana bethu zombini abancinane. Umzekelo okuphawuleka leukemia ziikati (iimpawu kunye nonyango, ifoto izilwanyana ezigulayo zibe kufundwa ekuhambeni kokufunda iphepha), ngokufuthi ekhokelela ekufeni izilwanyana. Njani yaye kutheni sifo iphuhlisa, indlela ukunceda qabane kwaye yintoni na uqikelelo?

Yintoni wegazi?

Leukemia - lesibini igama sifo umbuzo. Lubonakala yi landa kakhulu inani igazi nangoku bevuna iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Ngoko ke kukho uhlobo olutsha lwe umonakalo inkqubo yokujikeleza kunye nokusekwa lymphoid kunye inyama myeloid ukuba ngumhlaza ngokwendalo. igazi leukemia ziikati okubangelwe yinto yintsholongwane RNA (Igciwane usapho).

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba okuthatha (ixesha phakathi kosuleleko kunye ukubonakala iimpawu zonyango) kwimeko sifo elide ngokwaneleyo (ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwiminyaka emi-6). Le insidiousness kwesi sifo kuxhomekeke yokuba lonke eli xesha isilwanyana ejonge ziphilile, nangona amandla okudlulisela ngwe leukemia ntsholongwane kwezinye izilwanyana zasekhaya, okukwazi kuyehla ukusa kumkhamo naziphi na izizathu.

Esi sifo sidla likwaqhuba esingapheliyo kwaye luphawulwa kwegazi, ascites kunye peritonitis, ezinye iintlobo sezintso isifo wesibindi, kwakunye ngokoyiswa umhlaza webele (ziikati). Iyafuna ukongeza ukuba yonke into amatakane ingaqala leukemia (nokuba ubudala okanye ubume bempilo).

Epizootology: iipateni izifo

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, i-arhente causative of FeLV (ngwe virus leukemia) yi-arhente yentsapho Retroviruses. Esisifo safunyanwa 1964 eScotland (University of Glasgow) ngokuthi esweni cats zasekhaya kunye nezifo inkqubo emithanjeni. Nangona uphando olwenziweyokwakunye nezinye amalinge, izazinzulu bakwazi ukufumana phandle indlela Retroviruses negalelo ekuveleni yamathumba amabi, ezifana izilwanyana. Hi ndlela leyi, olu lwazi ludlale indima ebalulekileyo ekufundeni retroviral immunodeficiency syndrome - AIDS.

Lymphoma - nomhlaza izilwanyana, egqalwa yeyona ixhaphakileyo zonke ezinezigulo. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuze ube umyalezo eyahlukileyo. Ukongeza, iikati abosulelwe kuba nezinga eliphezulu ngaphezu kwi uninfected (in excess amaxesha 60-70), kwaye yenzeka kwiminyaka yokuqala 5 yobomi. Ziikati, beningabakhululekileyo kubo intsholongwane, esi sifo esizibonakalisa eli-avareji ye-10.

Ileukemia wentsholongwane neekati: iimpawu kunye nonyango

Ngexesha sifo, ukongeza utshintsho kwinkqubo yokujikeleza ziikati baphawula ezinye iimpawu zosulelo, enxibe zombini ethile nonspecific. Ngoko ke, izilwanyana ezigulayo kukho ukonakala ebalulekileyo imeko jikelele, sinciphise sifo, ukudinwa, i ngokuncipha esebenzayo okubangelwa ukwetyisa engafanelekanga, ngokunjalo nobunzima kumsebenzi wentliziyo kunye urethra. Phakathi inani iimpawu non-ezithile, nto leyo sikhatshwa ileukemia ziikati (iimpawu kunye nonyango ezichazwe kweli candelo), kufanele kuphawulwe ukwanda kakhulu kwiindawo nkovu kunye ukuyilwa yamathumba nakwezona nxalenye engalindelekanga umzimba. Ukongezelela, kwezinye iimeko, exophthalmia apho kunye ezithile ebalulekileyo ubungakanani obuvumelekileyo ukuba udakada wesibindi.

Njengoko leukemia baphathwa ziikati? Iimpawu kunye Treatment namhlanje akunakwenzeka ukulungelelanisa indlela ubhalo, kuba akukabikho liphuhlise indlela nokuphelisa izifo, iphumelela kakhulu. Koko, oosonzululwazi baye basungula sokugonya, njengangoku leyo avavanyelwe kakuhle ngokubonisa ngee-eksperimenti elebhu. Ngelishwa, nkqu amachiza edume mihla nxamnye nangezilonda, njengoko umthetho, musa ukuqinisekisa ukuchacha epheleleyo. Ngoko ke, kutshanje wafumanisa sogonyo kuphela kwethemba lokuphelisa nya izifo zomhlaza qabane kwixesha elizayo.

virus leukemia ngwe kunye nezifo ezinxulumene

Into ebalulekileyo kukuba wegazi uthathwa ukuba ingqokelela kwezifo eziliqela, apho isakhiwo, kukho iintlobo-ntlobo: lymphosarcoma thymic, lymphosarcoma ezininzi, lymphosarcoma alimentary, leukemia ezondeleyo lymphocytic, kunye nabanye. Baxoxa ngokweenkcukacha ngezantsi.

Noko ke, ngokupheleleyo zonke izinto sanikwa lo msebenzi eziqhelekileyo entsonkothileyo ngasentla: ukufaneleka division kwamalweyile ngendlela iiseli kwenkqubo hemopoietic. Umyalezo weimeyile kwesifo kungenxa ileukemia wentsholongwane egazini ziikati, ngoku xa ithiyetha Igciwane eziphilayo izilwanyana. Esi sifo zihlelwe ngokungqinelana Pathogenesis izigaba amahlanu ukuba abe ixesha elithile. Ngokomzekelo, xa impendulo olwaneleyo omzimba, isifo lupheliswe kwiiveki 6-8, okuhambelana kwinqanaba lesibini okanye lesithathu. phambi rhoqo yentsholongwane emzimbeni isilwanyana kwi inyathelo yesine okanye eyesihlanu ngokuqhelekileyo kwaphawulwa emva kweeveki 4-6 emva kokosuleleka. Ngamanye amaxesha, eli thuba kunokuba ukuya kwiiveki ezilishumi elinesibini.

lymphosarcoma thymic

Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, leukemia wentsholongwane egazini ziikati (iimpawu ayo kakhulu ezahlukahlukeneyo) iye kubume izinto ezininzi, uhlala phakathi apho ekhethekileyo indawo lymphosarcoma thymus. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo zesifo yamathumba elikhulu ngomli- kwi mediastinum sobuKristu. iindawo nkovu baba enkulu, kunjalo, ukusasazeka ubunzima ithumba kwezinye iindawo cishe basuswe. Ukongeza, iiseli mpilweni ibonakala igazi kunqabile kakhulu.

Xa isifundo yeempawu zonyango ezihamba leukemia ziikati (iimpawu kunye nonyango ezimbi ezinxulumene) le fomu, kandziyisa ubukhulu ithumba kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini, okubangela ukuphelelwa umoya ukutswina ukubanyamezela ukuya imithwalo umlinganiswa emzimbeni. Ukongeza, kusenokubakho ingxaki yokuginya ngenxa ucinezelo le kuvuleke iminxunya, kwakunye ngokufaneleka nokubetha kwentliziyo abangevayo. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba le fom wegazi ngoyena ngokuqhelekileyo ibonwa ziikati abaphakathi kweminyaka kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu.

lymphosarcoma multiple

Leukemia ziikati (mpawu kuxoxwe ngasentla) okunokubonakaliswa ngohlobo lymphoma multi-cell. Kule meko kufanelekile kwinkqubo zophendlo lwezifo ebandakanya nezihlunu umzimba. Iiseli lymphoid elinobuhlungu zixhomekeke nokungena, iindawo nkovu ngenxa okunyuke kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, ubukhulu obugqithisileyo ezikumila abambiseneyo. Ukongeza, ukwanda udakada maxa wambi isibindi.

Xa lymphosarcoma multiple ibamba anemia eliphakathi (malunga nama-50 ekhulwini amatyala). Kodwa kunqabile kakhulu (malunga nama-20% yazo zonke iimeko) ibonakala igazi iiseli ithumba. Unyango wegazi ziikati abosulelwe lymphosarcoma ezininzi, lwenziwa kuphela emva isiqinisekiso uxilongo (ngokusebenzisa biopsy lweendawo nkovu). Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba i-60% amatyala, lo msebenzi uye iziphumo ezidibanisayo. Esi sifo sidla ichaphazela izilwanyana abaneminyaka ukuya kwiminyaka emine.

lymphosarcoma alimentary

Kwimeko uhlobo alimentary lymphosarcoma zilungiswe izihlwele amabi, ezindongeni kwinkqubo yokwetyisa. Ukongeza, ukuba utshisa kwiindawo nkovu kunye nesimilo mizenteralnogo. Ayanda rhoqo localizes ukuya shinyi, zingcakacile, okanye cecum. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba ibekwe esiswini okanye isikali. Efumanise nokungena ehlasela ngayo inxalenye enkulu yethumbu kunqabile kakhulu.

Phakathi imiqondiso kwezonyango sifo ekuthethwa flow kufuneka kuqatshelwe ebalulekileyo Ukwehla kobunzima kukhokelela anorexia. Ukuba ubunzima ithumba occludes elingaphesheya emathunjini amancinci, kunye namathuba ikhulu ekhulwini ivela ngohlangothi. Kodwa utyatyazo kuxa nethumba iye yaphuhliswa emathunjini amancinci okanye emazantsi ngendlela kwentamo. Ngaphezu koko, xa alimentary lymphosarcoma ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela anemia. Isifo ibalulekile ngokunxulumene ziikati abaminyaka iminyaka esibhozo. Iziphumo zovavanyo ze ileukemia wentsholongwane egazini eyakhayo malunga nama-30% amatyala.

lymphocytic Ileukemia

Olu hlobo lymphoma ezinxulumene ukungakhuseleki nethumba yokunikana lomongo wethambo ebomvu, emva koko inkqubo zophendlo lwezifo ezibandakanyekayo kunye nezinye zomzimba indlela hematogenous, nto leyo isebenza ngendlela eyiyo kwe lymphogenous. Ngenxa yoko, iiseli umhlaza ibonakala kuphela kwinkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, kodwa kwi udakada wesibindi.

Phakathi imiqondiso yezonyango echaphazelekayo kufuneka kwenziwe into ebangelwa yinto ethile: fever indalo ngakanye, nokungabi phezu-nokudinwa, olukhokelela anorexia. Uxilongo ingqinwa umsebenzi hematologic. Ngenxa kuphuhliso kwegazi, ubuthathaka kunye olupheleleyo ilahleko ezifanelekileyo onombilini. Ngenxa thrombocytopenia, hemorrhages petechial kwenzeka sangaphandle kwaye inwebu yangaphakathi. Ukongeza, kukho rhoqo splenomegaly kwaye hepatomegaly. Kodwa ukuba kwiindawo nkovu kwandisa ubukhulu leukemia kunqabile kakhulu. Uvavanyo ukuba isifo ingqalelo uhlobo esihle malunga nama-60 ekhulwini amatyala.

Leukemia ziikati: izifo ezosulela abantu okanye hayi?

intsholongwane kubhekwe kakhulu kulo lonke ihlabathi, kodwa notyekelo ekhethekileyo bembonakalo yayo (umzekelo, ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha) ziye zachongwa. Nangona kunjalo, esi sifo ngokukuko inkqubela kwimimandla apho kukho udibaniso eyodwa izilwanyana abangenamakhaya ukuba abathwali izifo ezininzi.

wenza njani leukemia ziikati? Le ntsholongwane ezosulela ngamathe, endleni okanye yokuchama. Ngaphezu koko, kukho amatyala ukosuleleka msebenzi ezidala (ingakumbi iintakumba). Okubalulekileyo, le kati abadala anganika intsholongwane nge ngumkhaya nakwinzala engekazalwa. Ngoko ke, ngenxa yokuba umfowunelwa kunye ephilayo ilungu yayintsholongwane eyosulela ndiseyimbumba kwi ikatana phindo esebenzayo uyaqapheleka tonsils nezihlunu nkovu kweeseli sifo, ezithi ke ngoko eqalisiweyo umongo wethambo.

abanini ezininzi ikhamisile-ezinemizila ochaphazelekayo ucingisise ngalo mbuzo: "? Ileukemia bentsholongwane ziikati ezosulela abantu, okanye isenzeko iyapheliswa" Ngethamsanqa, a transfer onjalo intsholongwane kunokwenzeka. Ngoko ke, singakwazi ukwala zonke amathandabuzo noloyiko, kodwa aliyeki esweni impilo izilwanyana zabo.

zokuthintela izifo

Unyango wegazi ziikati - inkqubo nzima kakhulu, kodwa nto ibuhlungu kukuba ukuphumeza isiphumo yimpumelelo kudla ngokuba nzima. uthotho amanyathelo okuthintela ukungena yentsholongwane emzimbeni womntu ukuze isilwanyana kufanelekile.

Eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuba wokhuseleko ugonyo. In Russia kwande lokugonya "Leykotsel" ( "Pfizer"). Eyenza i ukhuseleko omzimba emva kweeveki nje ezintathu emva ulawulo olomeleleyo. Le nguqu kwakhona buhlala unyaka omnye. Ukongeza, ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi kunye Purevax FeLV (Merial), kuphuhliswa eFransi.

Phakathi amanyathelo yemveli ukuthintela isifo kuyimfuneko ukuba anikezele ekuhlanjweni ngamaxesha ye zokulala ukuba neekati amanzi ashushu, kwakunye ngokucokisekileyo ukuhlamba izandla emva ukunxibelelana izilwanyana nabanye abantu ukuthintela usulelo izilwanyana zabo.

Ekugqibeleni, kufanelekile ukuba uqaphele ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla malunga izilwanyana leukemia wentsholongwane egazini:

• Ithatyathwa intsholongwane siyasulela kakhulu, ingakumbi xa kufikwa amaqela amakhulu eziphilayo. Oku kufuneka kubandakanye kuphela iikati eziyabulayo, kodwa abameli iintlobo elite, apho kukho inani elikhulu zokukhulisa izityalo. Ngenxa yoko, wathelela kungenzeka kuphela izilwanyana esitratweni, kodwa obuthengiweyo wayengumfuyi (imali eninzi, ingqondo wena).
• ukumelana Virus iphantsi, ngoko ke kweentsholongwane wesakhiwo kuya kukunceda kakhulu kumlo kunye naye. Ukuba endlwini ngenxa yokuba nesi sifo sele ubulele ikati, kuyimfuneko ukuba ayeke ukufumana isilo-qabane esitsha ndikunyibilikise iintsholongwane zonke "iindawo ezifihlakeleyo" ozithandayo endala.
• Ukuba indlu likhaya cat omnye kuphela, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba nkqu kwimeko losulelo, yena ingaphila ixesha elide kwaye agule, kuba ezinye izilwanyana abathwali nazimpawu le ntsholongwane. Kulo mzekelo, kufuneka ibe ikati ukunxibelelana nezinye izilwanyana, ukuthintela ukosuleleka abalingane babo. Leukemia ziikati (iimpawu, iifoto zezilwanyana zizifo thaca kweli nqaku) amaninzi nomqobo ongundoqo nokukhulelwa, kuba kaloku intsholongwane iwela ngumkhaya. Ukongeza, ekati zosuleleke ukusuka kumama ngokusebenzisa ubisi.
• Njengokuba sele sitshilo, esi sifo uthwala ingozi enkulu ukuba neekati kuphela. Bathelela abantu, intsholongwane ingqalelo umba kunokwenzeka ngokupheleleyo evumela ukuba kuzakulahla lonke uloyiko nokuqhubeka ngempumelelo ukuthatha unonophelo-qabane lakho.