Yintoni acrostics? History and typology

Namhlanje, kukho iintlobo ezininzi neembongi iintlobo lweembongi apho ukuba yobuciko zabo. Omnye wabo - zokuzikhumbuza, owayesakuba othandwa kakhulu phakathi iimbongi Silver Age. Acrostics wabhala valeriy Bryusov, uAnna Akhmatova, UNikolai Gumilyov, kwaye nkqu Sergei Yesenin. Nakule lonke uncwadi, ezinye iimbongi ezininzi odumileyo, kakhulu, wazama isandla sakhe ukubhala acrostics.

Yintoni acrostics

Igama elithi "ayiqali" livela kwisiGrike yaye lithetha "umgca enkondlo." Kuyaphawuleka ukuba nokuxubana waba ilizwi ngokwabo amalungiselelo oku ingqiqo - kraestrochie.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, le umbongo yiyo nayiphi na itekisi kunye nentsingiselo, ukususela oonobumba sokuqala umgca ngamnye ebinokuthi yenze igama, ibinzana okanye isivakalisi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba phakathi acrostics amaGrike nazo ingqalelo kwaye okubhaliweyo okungenanto ngaphandle rhyme.

Acrostics eRoma amandulo ephakathi eYurophu

Kokuba kusetyenzwe nesibakala sokuba loo acrostics, kubalulekile ufunda ngembali emfutshane kokuhluma yabo kwasasazeka.

Ngumdali yale ngohlobo lwemibongo yi Epicharmus of Kos - imbongi kunye wemidlalo Greece yamandulo. Isandla sakhe ukukhanya wabonakala le fomu vesi.

kamva kancinane yanwenwa olu hlobo yemibongo kunye uBukhosi baseRoma. Ukuboleka izinto ezininzi inkcubeko ukusuka amaGrike, amaRoma naye ngokufuthi zisetyenziswa acrostics. Le zokuzikhumbuza ithandwa kakhulu kwi igama umxhasi imbongi nomthandi yakhe entle. Ngamanye amaxesha qashi imbongi ujiko yaseRoma otgadki kwimibongo yakhe. Amaxesha amaninzi acrostics ukubhala kwaba umthambo nje le mbongi.

Enye imisebenzi edume olu hlobo linxulunyaniswa ukusasazeka kobuKristu kwi uBukhosi baseRoma. Ngoko ke, ekubeni kuqala umthetho, njengamaKristu, ukuze ukwazi omnye komnye, waqamba igama ayiqali "uYesu" Kunikezelwa. Lo msebenzi unxulumene ngakumbi ohlobo umbongo - akrotelestihu.

Ngenxa ukuvela ubuKristu unqulo kuphela kumaXesha Aphakathi acrostics andilahlekwanga kwayo. Ngoku, ke, badla musa ukubhala iimbongi behlabathi, waza tonsured indela. Ukubhala imibongo Imibongo uzahlulele kuThixo, kwakunye izifundo zeBhayibhile, iimonki ngokufuthi "ezifihliweyo" kumagama abo okanye iingcebiso zabo njani ukuqonda kakuhle lo mbhalo.

Yokuziphilisa uncwadi umbongo kwakhona rhoqo kusetyenziswa. Ngoku, ke, yena wadlala indima cipher ngenxa yokuhlolwa toughened yicawa. iinkcuba eziliqela kunye izazinzulu usebenzisa acrostics ekwabelwana ngayo kunye nezinye iinkcukacha ezifihlakeleyo ngamnye okanye mnandi poked kwi abasemagunyeni.

Ngoobani abazinikele acrostics Leminyaka Aphakathi? Amaninzi, abantu amanene. neembongi abaninzi aneziphiwo ngelo xesha ukuya kumbamba a umxhasi enamandla, ukunikezela ukuba umsebenzi wakhe. Kodwa acrostics ezilungileyo ngokwenene kukwazi ukubhala asiyiyo eyabantu bonke, ngenxa yokuba yokumiswa entsonkothileyo walo mbongo kunye nemfuneko ukulondoloza oko ngengqiqo efanelekileyo. Ukongeza, abantu abazizityebi ukuba ziziyatha, yaye nangona wayezazi kakhulu ubuqili yemibongo, kodwa ivesi ineptly ezibhaliweyo ukubonwa.

Acrostics kuncwadi Russian le elinesibhozo emva kwexesha - kwekhulu omabini

In iincwadi Russian sandiswa umbongo (imizekelo ngezantsi) Bulelani Archimandrite Herman, owayephila ngenkulungwane elinesixhenxe. Xa netalente elungileyo kwimibongo, indela wabhala umbongo esekelwe kwiiNdumiso kaDavide. Amaninzi kwimibongo yakhe begilana igama lakhe. Phambi ixesha lethu wahlala elinesixhenxe kuphela kwimibongo yayo, zonke ezibhaliweyo style ayiqali.

In elinesibhozo - kweye elinethoba acrostics kancane kwayo, enika indlela kwezinye iintlobo vesi.

Kodwa ukufika Silver Age of imibongo Russian (ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba), kunye ukubonakala uncwadi neembongi ezinkulu ezininzi umbongo kwakhona kwaduma. Oku lula yi kuphuhliso imiqondiso, njengoko zokuzikhumbuza wanceda ngokwegrafu ukuba "ndifihle" embongweni isimboli ethile.

Anna Akhmatova, UNikolai Gumilyov, Valentin Bryusov kunye nezinye Imbongi omkhulu ngelo xesha sibhala acrostics ezintle, maxa wambi nikela ukuba omnye okanye zikhuphisane nabo kunye. Ingakumbi wayethanda acrostics valeriy Bryusov, owabhala acrostics ezininzi iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo.

Ukutyhubela acrostics leminyaka kwaye namhlanje yamashumi amabini azikho kakhulu, kodwa ke zikhona imisebenzi phantse yonke mbongi. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba umbongo ngumngeni - emva bonke babhale umbongo emihle ubuchule kuphela ngokugqibeleleyo kubona ukuba nemvano yimbongi. Ukongeza, acrostics namhlanje abhalwe rhoqo ukuze wenze umntu isipho ngenxa yeholide kwaye yaba umbuliso ekhethekileyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, kwangcwaliselwa nje isiganeko esithile okanye ixesha lonyaka. Ngoko ke, Anastasia Bogolyubov wabhala umbongo elincinane "Spring".

Nokungenisa silivumba lobomi,
Natural kunye cute intliziyo;
Nisinde ukusuka emendweni ezinodaka,
Yedwa amandla endalo
Taxi umsindo ehlathini.

iintlobo acrostics

Ukuba iyitshinizele nesibakala sokuba acrostics ezinjalo, yaye ukufunda imbali yazo, ungaya typology zabo. Ngokubhekiselele acrostics kuyo, kukho iintlobo ezintathu kubo.

1. Ayiqali-ordination. Olu hlobo luqhelekileyo lonke ixesha eli ngohlobo lwemibongo. I- CAPS lo mbongo, njengoko umthetho, uhlelwe igama lomntu lowo lo msebenzi yanikezelwa - injinga, omthandayo okanye nje umhlobo. Acrostics, ukuzinikela ngokufuthi wabhalela omnye iimbongi ye-Silver Age. Umzekelo, UNikolai Gumilyov wabhala umbongo ka-Anna Akhmatova.
2. iqhosha ayiqali. Kulo mbongo, ngoonobumba abakhulu ubufihliwe isitshixo nokuqonda intsingiselo msebenzi. Kudla zisetyenziswa xa ubhala nokuntsonkotha. Umzekelo i "Abahlobo" ayiqali uYuri Neledinsky-Mielec, enzelwe Tsarevich Alexei.
3. Ayiqali-cipher. It beminwe igama, ibinzana, okanye isigwebo yonke, ekufuneka baye baqaphela abasemzini. Got ukusasazeka kwayo le umbongo ngexesha iinkulungwane ezininzi Church of Kwamacala. Kwaye ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, kumazwe apho yokuhlolwa yayiyeyona ngenkani.

Kukwakho nezinye iintlobo ngeentlobo umbongo. It abetsedary, mezostih, Telesto, akrotelestih, akrokonstruktsiya kunye umbongo nemigca elinganayo. Nangona ngamanye amaxesha sisodwa njengoko iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngohlobo lwemibongo. Okwangoku, umbuzo ubandakanyeka zabo zenyathi acrostics uvuliwe.

abetsedary

Abetsedary - zokuzikhumbuza, ebhalwe zilandelelana ngokwe-alfabhethi. Kulo msebenzi, igama ngalinye okanye ekuqaleni kwezitanza luqala oonobumba be-alfabhethi ukuze. Kule ncwadi Russian kucingelwa yaziwa abetsedary Valery Bryusov.

Telesto

Mirror analogu zokuzikhumbuza. It igama obubhalwe alikho oonobumba bokuqala imigca wokuqala walo mbongo, njengoko ngaphambili. Ngokufuthi, endaweni ileta eyodwa ekupheleni Kwisitanza kumi ezingaphezu okanye igama. Olu hlobo yemibongo lidumile kuncwadi yamaRoma.

Akrotelestih

Olu uhlobo olunganeno ludibaniso lweziqalelo kunye telestiha ayiqali. A igama eliyimfihlo okanye ibinzana, ungenza kuphela oonobumba zokuqala kwisitanza ngasinye, kodwa ke yokugqibela. Amaninzi, ngamabinzana sokuqala nesokugqibela ziyafana, nangona kukho ukuxolelwa. Umzekelo lo mbongo ngumsebenzi Michael Bashkeeva "Akrotelestih for IB."

Mezostih

Kule uhlobo lwesihobe oonobumba uhlobo kumbindi kwisitanza ngasinye zenza ilizwi. Le vesi ayikho ethandwa kakhulu. Ekubeni abantu babelane imibongo kwindinyana, ngokwengqiqo yalo, uze ufumane igama zombhalo kunzima kakhulu.

zokuzikhumbuza oxwesileyo

Ngamanye amaxesha mezostih kunye umbongo nemigca bedidekile udu- kunye enye efanayo. Okwangoku, eli iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ngokupheleleyo. Igama oxwesileyo ayiqali khowudi kwikonw ngekona kunokuba nkqo. Ngamanye amaxesha le hlobo ikwabizwa ngokuba "mibono", khon 'ukuze mezostihom umgca lahlule engalunganga, fumana igama eliyimfihlo akuyi kuba lula.

Akrokonstruktsiya

Akrokonstruktsiya idibanisa zombini iziqalelo umbongo, telestiha kunye nezinye iintlobo. Xa akrokonstrutsii ekuqaleni iincwadi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini Russian ezinikeleyo Marine Tsvetaevoy kunye uPlato wabhala Karpovskiy Valentin Zagoryansky. Yena, njengokuba kungekho namnye unako ukumelana nale fom vesi nzima. Le ilandelayo ke umbongo ozinikezele Karpovskiy.

tautogram

Ezinxulumene acrostics nawo tautogram. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, bona zithathelwa ngenxa acrostics, kodwa oku elahlekisayo. Kule mibongo, onke amazwi zikhokelwa ngoonobumba efanayo. Ngokomzekelo, enye edumileyo umbongo-tautogram Briusov.

Namhlanje, asinguye wonk 'ubani uyayazi into acrostics (igama ngokwayo), kodwa akukho bani uya akwavuma ukuba sizakubeka lo msebenzi. Ukuba oyifunayo, omnye ingayalela ukuba wena okanye abo ubathandayo igama umbongo eyahlukileyo. Ukongeza, nabani na kancinane uyazi ukuba nemvano njani, ungazama izandla zabo acrostics ukubhala, oku ikuba mdla.