Imbali Borovitskaya Moscow yesicelo inqaba. Indlela ukuya kwenqaba?

Enye ezinika eziphambili eMoscow, naseRashiya liphela - nto yindawo enkulu incwadi yesicelo kunye ezimelene kuyo. Yayibiyelwe udonga elikhulu ilitye, yena iinqaba ezininzi kangangoko amabini efakwe ecaleni kwebala. Nganye kwezi ugcina imbali yayo, iimfihlelo.

I yesicelo nenqaba yayo

Ukusuka nolwazi kwikona kumzantsi-mpuma neshukumayo ngku phambili, sinako ukubona yonke iyantlukwano kunye nobungangamsha yale sakhiwo bokwakha.

Okokuqala endleleni - Beklemishevskaya inqaba, kamva obizwa ngokuba Moskvoretskaya. Okulandelayo - Constantine noHelen, ngaphambili ngokuba Timofeevskaya emva esangweni okufuphi. Kwaye xa sele nje elinanye izakhiwo emide kakhulu, amehlo Borovitskaya Tower.

An into umdla kukuba zonke izakhiwo zakhiwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo, phantsi kwesikhokelo abakhi amazwe. Ngelo xesha linye i mpawu bokwenyaniso Russian nesimilo. Kuphela ekhethekileyo ngohlobo lwayo yaye akafuni kakhulu ezilungisele le lomculo ngokubanzi - Nikolskaya Tower. Ku yakhiwa emva kwaye ilifa iimpawu izakhiwo zwe. Zonke ezinde lembombo isondezwa, enye ebekwe kwi kujikelezo ezindongeni - tetrahedral.

indaba

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwakusazeka ukuba zokuhlala yokuqala kummandla Moscow yesicelo wayekho kwi Bronze Age. Kwaye kuphela 1156 izakhiwo zokuqala ukwandisa mmandla kunye nokhuselo kuphangwa utshaba rhoqo kwakhiwa. Iindonga Wayengqongwe umsele enzulu.

Noko amaxesha ezintsonkothileyo ezinzima basifumana esi sakhiwo bokwakha. Kwaye ngoko ke xa eMoscow ezifumene iwonga lwenkunzi yezikumkani yonke kunye nemizi Russia. Emva koko kuza kwi non-sokuhlangabezana yamandulo yesicelo ezenzekayo ngoku. Iqala ixesha kwesakhiwo enkulu.

Aristotle Fioravanti, Pietro solari, Marco Ruffo, New Aleviz, Bon Fryazin - zonke ezi labazobi acelwa evela eItali, ukuze aphefumle ubomi omtsha zibukeke. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ngokusebenza ngokusondeleyo kunye iinkosi Russian, bavumayo isimbo kunye nesimo izakhiwo Soviet. Ngelo xesha athathele neemeko elobulali thina. Ngoko ke wazalwa inkangeleko mihla incwadi yesicelo, Borovitskaya, Beklemishevskaya ezinye yenqaba leyo inde.

Borovitskaya Tower: ukusuka ngaphambili ukunikela

Njengoko kwiingxelo, emva '61 lwe ngenkulungwane ye-14 ngomhla kwisiza izakhiwo mihla igama elifanayo yaba kukwakha. Moscow yesicelo yanamhlanje Borovitskaya Tower wabonakala kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu kamva, ngenkulungwane ye-14 emva kwexesha. Umbhali wenza ngokomakhi langaphandle, eyaziwa ngokuba Peter Fryazin. Wafika evela eItali eRashiya kwi isimemo wokumkani.

Ngenkulungwane ye-16 neye-17, nasenqabeni ubekhonza njengendlela yokudlulela Zhitnyaya kunye eyadini esitalini, ukuze kuloo ngesango eliyinhloko akwenzeki.

Phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi Borovitskaya inqaba ufumana igama layo elitsha - umBhaptizi, imbeko ebandleni, leyo ise-yesicelo. Noko ke, phezu kwayo yonke imigudu, igama zange waya ukusetyenziswa.

Xa isango ibekwe kwi Borovitsky icon Ioanna Predtechi. Kodwa ngenkulungwane yokuqala yeshumi elinesithoba, xa ulwakhiwo ngenkuthalo kudlule imigca engaphantsi, satshatyalaliswa itempile eponymous. Le icon utshabaleleyo, ingenguye kwisayithi yayo yoqobo beza iiyure.

bokwakha

Ekuqaleni Borovitskaya Inqaba engaphantsi kakhulu kwaye kwakuba isakhiwo ebanzi yoxande. Ngaphezu kokuba ibekwe kuphahla intente eyenziwe ngomthi.

Noko ke, emva 1666 amashumi eminyaka oko baqalisa ukuba zifumane i imilo entsha ngokupheleleyo. Okokuqala, kukho ngaphezulu wokongeza i-ons ezintathu, ezo kancane kancane ubukhulu zaba, enika uhlobo zokwakha pyramidal. Okwesibini, phezulu ihonjiswe kunye ende, zokufuna esibhakabhakeni ngelitye nophahla libe.

Kungekudala icala kwinqaba wabonakala strelnitsa kunye emkhusaneni masango. Ngokubanzi emlanjeni, yaphosa ibhulorho ukuba kuvuswa.

Le kweyeshumi elinesibhozo wabangela zombini nangeentsuku ezizolileyo, yaye enzima. Emva emva kokubuyiselwa kwiminyaka nje embalwa, xa nasenqabeni yafumana iinkcukacha ezintle ilitye elimhlophe, ikomkhulu uhlaselwa yimikhosi uNapoleon. Kwamenywa ezikhumbuzo zitshatyalalisiwe, ngethamsanqa, nasenqabeni ubunzima kancinci. Kukhala idilizwe ententeni yakhe.

Emva koko, sibeka isakhiwo ukuze iminyaka emithathu. Yaba ngeli thuba nghena wotshi ibonakala.

Embindini nenqaba kweyeshumi elinesibhozo kwakhona ecaweni. Ukwenza izinto eziyimfuneko kunye itrone. iindawo pseudo-ecocekileyo, kodwa zivela kwakhona ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Kwaye phezu emasangweni Moscow kophawu lwesizwe babeka umfanekiso. Njengoko ubona, ibali Borovitskaya Tower ezele iziganeko ezahlukeneyo. Akuvuki, ndibubhukuqe, ukubuyisela, utshintsho iinjongo kunye nokusetyenziswa nemvelo - konke oku kuboniswa lulwakhiwo wadala umfanekiso ukuze sibonwe namhlanje.

ebibanjwe inqaba yokugqibela ukulungiswa kwiminyaka esithoba eyadlulayo.

ingaphakathi

Ukuba ukhangela ngaphakathi, ungabona ukuba yesicelo Borovitskaya inqaba kwi quadrangle awo (isakhiwo ezantsi uxande) yahlulwe yaba kwimiqolo. Ukusuka apha uyakwazi ukuya kwigumbi elingaphantsi, ethi namhla inxenye-zonakala. Kwenye inxalenye quadrangular walondoloza imiba kanye wazihombisa ibandla.

kuyiwa eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi kukhokelela iindwendwe kumgangatho wesibini, nto leyo iba window yoxande. Le quadrangular yokugqibela ezimbini ezidityanisiweyo kwigumbi elinye, ube isakhiwo efana kunye intente libe wammisa phezu kwakhe.

esangweni

Nangona kunjalo oluphawulekayo kuphela Borovitskaya Tower. Indlela ukuya kuyo, uya kufunda ngezantsi. Kwaye, kanye kuloo ndawo ekunene, uya kuqaphela ukuba kukho iqela lolwandiso. Yeyona isango kunye idreyini strelnitsa. Le yokugqibela liqhagamshelene nqaba kumphantsi kakhulu, umhlathi kukhokelela ongaphantsi part. Ukuba ujonga phezulu kwesakhiwo, ungabona ukuba ngokumila ngunxantathu.

Makhe sijonge ngasentla kwesango, wafumana imingxuma emibini elimxinwa. Bona kanye laba yindawo kwitsheyini omkhulu asiphakamisileyo ibhulorho xa kuyimfuneko. Ukuba wayedlula esangweni, khangela phezulu, emathambekeni zibonakala, leyo fihla nemivalo yesinyithi. Ababhali-mbali bathi lulunye phakathi kwabantu bokuqala kuthelekiswa namanye kwi yesicelo. Ukongeza, ukuba aye alondolozwa zangaphantsi kunokuba indala iingalo, imvelaphi leyo okwangoku isekiwe.

ibhulorho

Namhlanje kunzima ukuthelekelela uhlobo lwangaphambili emvelo bayingqonga iindonga yesicelo. Neglinnaya River, ngoku wakhwela kulo nelembande, ibekwe ecaleni eludongeni yasentshona. Yaba iindawo umgxobhozo kunye afumileyo. Ngqo ukusuka kwinqaba ngokwayo ithuba ndongeni esibukhali kwaye ushiye bucala. Ngenkulungwane ye-16 kwakhiwa apho ibhulorho ilitye.

Ukomeleza nokukhusela ngcono isitishi yagqiba ukuba le nqaba. umsebenzi ohambelana iye yenziwa. Njengoko inqaba yaba sisigqibo esikhulu. Nangona kunjalo, umbuzo: indlela ziya kufumaneka Borovitskaya ende incwadi yesicelo, indlela yokuya kwindawo ekunene emanzini ovuthuzayo-mkhosi na yenene? Ewiliko yafunyanwa ngokohlobo kwebhulorho ukumiswa.

Namhlanje, kule isakhiwo unyamalele, ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ukuqeshwa kwakhe, yena yatshatyalaliswa.

aqondise

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ngokwaneleyo, kwaye kakuhle ikhangeleka Borovitskaya kwiNqaba Moscow yesicelo. Indlela ukufika kuyo kwi sikaloliwe? Yonke ilula. yezinto ezinkulu bangaba Borovitskaya Square kunye Alexander Garden. Kuyinto le ndawo ibekwe kufutshane kwenqaba.

Ukuze ufumane ngaphandle komyezo, ungasebenzisa ezi zikhululo ezine Metro:

• "Arbatskaja" (Pokrovskaya Arbatsko- isebe blue № 3);

• "Alexander Garden" (blue isebe Filyevskiy № 4);

• . "ULenin Library" (inombolo umgca obomvu 1);

• "Borovitskaya" (isebe gray № 9).

Ngaloo ndlela, ukufikelela kule ezinika ephawulekayo entsha_ nayiphi indawo eMoscow.