Imithombo yamandla Alternative kunye nesicelo yayo

Kweli hlabathi iingxaki zanamhlanje ngokwaneleyo. Nangona uqikelelo elingezenzululwazi, abantu baye bakwazi ukoyisa izifo indlala kunye ezosulelayo, kwaye kule mini sesona soyikiso ezibulalayo ubomi kunye nempilo yabantu abaphila on Earth. Kodwa ke ingxaki inkulu nokudinwa izibonelelo, nezinika amandla impucuko yethu. Isisombululo inokuba kuba ezinye iindlela zemithombo entsha yamandla. Kuthetha ukuthini eli gama?

Yintoni na?

Ngamafutshane, umthombo engaqhelekanga yamandla - yinkqubo enjalo lokulungiselela wayo, nto leyo kusetyenziswa ngendlela engazange mveliso, oko iyahlolwa kwaye ilungiselela kuphela ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ehlabathini lonke. Kodwa ke inkalo ephambili yezi ndlela yokufumana amandla uba ukhuseleko lwabo ngokupheleleyo yokusingqongileyo kunye renewability.

Ezi ekunokuthiwa amandla omoya, iiphaneli zesola, izitishi zamandla sisebenza amandla kolwandle. Ukongeza, eklasini enye ekunokuthiwa izityalo biogas, kwakunye neeprojekthi ixesha elide kwamaziko fusion (nangona a twa).

solar

Le mithombo non-yemveli yamandla siphelise isalamane, "non-zemveli 'ukuze kubizwa ngokuba kuphela. Isizathu kuphela ukuba ubuchwepheshe yangoku amandla elanga kweli hlabathi akukho kakhulu kuphuhliswa: impembelelo ukungcola komoya, yaye iiseli solar nangoku ebiza kakhulu. Space - yenye into. solar ziyafumaneka kuzo zonke nangeziphekepheke kwaye rhoqo ukunika izixhobo amandla yabo yokuzikhethela.

Akukho mfuneko ukucinga ukuba lo mthombo 'engaqhelekanga' amandla kuye itsale ingqalelo yabantu kuphela ngexesha lethu. Sun - umthombo ubushushu ukulwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. Enye idla yiSumere wasebenzisa amandla phezu kophahla lwendlu, apho amanzi itshiswe ngeentsuku zasehlotyeni ezishushu.

Enyanisweni, ekubeni imeko ayikatshintshi kakhulu: ukuphuhlisa ngempumelelo mandla kuphela kuloo mazwe apho kukho iyintlango kunye kwiindawo ezishushu. Ngoko ke, inxalenye enkulu kaSirayeli California eUnited States ifumana amandla eyenziwe solar panel. Izinto eziluncedo yale ndlela engekhoyo: iiseli mihla elanga kahle eliphezulu ezahlukeneyo, ihlabathi liya kuba nako ukuvelisa ngakumbi nangakumbi ngokupheleleyo amandla kuyo icocekile kwaye ikhuselekile ukuze nyaka ngamnye.

Ngelishwa, ixabiso iteknoloji (njengokuba wathi) nangoku phezulu, kunye nokuveliswa neebhetri zisetyenziswa izinto eziyityhefu uthethe ezinye eziphilayo ngokubanzi iba ingamampunge. Ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kuza yaseJapan, ngokubanzi kusetyenziswe imithombo non-eqhelekileyo kunye ngokutsha yamandla in practice.

amava Japanese

Kakade ke, iiphaneli elanga ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngokunzima ezisetyenziswa eJapan. Kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje baye babuyela kwisenzo iminyaka eliwaka yembali; phezu kwezindlu lwezakhiwo efakiweyo itanki kunye nemibhobho yamanzi ezimnyama afudunyezwe kwelanga. Ngenxa imeko kakhulu amandla kolu hlanga siqithi, zifumana imali eninzi.

Okwangoku, abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuba ngo-2025 amandla elanga ziya kuthatha indawo ebonakalayo ekuhlaleni kumazwe amaninzi. Ngokufutshane, ukusetyenziswa eminye imithombo yamandla ombane kule minyaka 50-70 elandelayo kufuneka ibe omkhulu.

biogas

Zonke iindawo zokuhlala abantu ezinkulu ukususela ngexesha ijongene kudaladala ingxaki efanayo - inkunkuma. Lonke ilindle umlambo waba mkhulu xa umntu yasekhaya iinkomo neehagu waza waqalisa ukukhula kakhulu kuyo.

Xa inkunkuma bekungenjalo kakhulu, bona zingasetyenziswa lokuwufaka amasimi. Kodwa ngexesha xa abemi iihagu efanayo ukuqala ngezigidi, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusombulula thile ingxaki. Inyaniso kukuba endleni lweentlobo zezilwanyana apha uhlobo entsha nje enetyhefu kwizityalo. Ukubenza luncedo, kuyimfuneko ukuba igcine oluludaka, umoya kuyo, yaye ngokuyinxenye ukusebenzisa iziyobisi ukuze uzinzise kwinqanaba pH. Kuyabiza kakhulu.

Biogas - kuyibika wamandulo!

Izazinzulu kunokuba ngokukhawuleza watsalela ingqalelo amava China yamandulo kunye India, apho ngaphezulu BC abantu baqala ukusebenzisa methane eveliswa ngexesha ukwetyisa ukungcola. Emva koko ke zisetyenziswa kakhulu ukupheka.

ilahleko Gas yayimikhulu kakhulu, kodwa ukuba lula kuyo umsebenzi wesikolo ngokwaneleyo. Hi ndlela leyi, kula mazwe, loo izisombululo belizwe zisetyenziswa kule mini. Ngoko ke, lo yebhayogesi enokusetyenziswa eminye imithombo yamandla inethuba elikhulu, xa sisondela umba kusetyenziso lweeteknoloji mihla.

ubuchwepheshe kuye kwandululwa amashishini imfuyo processing inkunkuma, ngenxa apho imveliso leyo methane ecocekileyo. Ingxaki wophuhliso kukuba ukudalwa ezinjalo iinkampani zona kuphela kwiindawo apho isilwanyana eziphuhlileyo. Ukongeza, ithemba ekunyuseni imveliso biogas ngezantsi, i-on-kwifama enkulu nokusebenzisa imithi kunye iisepha ukuba nkqu inani elincinane abangaphangeliyo ibile, okubangela zonke umgquba ligutyungelwe ngumngundo.

generator umoya

Khumbula Don Quixote with "Anaki 'bakhe? Ingcamango ngokusebenzisa amandla omoya sele kudala edubula iingqondo izazinzulu, kodwa ngenxa yokuba kungekudala kakhulu bafumana indlela yokuphuma: njengephiko waqala ukunika rhoqo ekhula ngokukhawuleza labemi ezisezidolophini zomgubo ophezulu-grade.

Kakade ke, xa kuqala wokuphehla umbane, iingqondo izazinzulu kwakhona wathabatha ilifa ingcamango efanayo. Njani mna ndifuna ukusebenzisa amandla mda ngumoya ukuze ivelise amandla simahla?

Le mbono ngokukhawuleza ezifakwa yokusebenza, kodwa ngenxa yokuba eJapan, Denmark, Ireland nase-United States iindawo ezininzi ngoku apho ubonelelo ngombane ngama-80 ekhulwini okanye ngaphezulu lwenziwa ngokuthi kusetyenziswe turbines zomoya. EUnited States namaSirayeli, namhlanje sele ngaphezu kokuba iinkampani kweshumi ephuhlisa wabeka umbane umoya - oku a ezinye iindlela zemithombo yamandla ethembisa kakhulu. Inkcazo "non-zemveli" akufanelekanga kakhulu, kuba amandla omoya unembali ende.

Iingxaki kwimeko yawo Okungekhoyo kwakhona. Kakade ke, umbane ifunyenwe ngaphandle kwentlawulo, kodwa ukufaka lo mshini kufuneka kwakhona kwindawo eyintlango, apho uninzi komnyaka umoya. Ukongeza, iindleko avelise nokufakela ophezulu-power wenkunkuma (kunye nobude useko lwemasti kwamashumi eziliqela meters), amashumi amawaka eerandi. Ngoko ke imali "ezamahala" umbane ingase onke amazwe apho kanye kungenzeka isizukulwana amandla omoya yangoku yokwenene.

energy fusion

Lilo elo iphupha wazo zesayensi ezininzi mihla. ukunqanda umsebenzi reaction yenyukliya kwaqala 50 zenkulungwane yokugqibela, kodwa reactor osebenzayo akazange ifunyenwe. Noko ke, iindaba ezivela imiphambili ye kakhulu nethemba: abaphandi bacebisa ukuba kule minyaka 20-30 elandelayo, ukuba uza kukwazi ukwenza prototype ukusebenza.

Hi ndlela leyi, kutheni le yesebe inzululwazi ibaluleke kangaka? Inyaniso kukuba xa athom ezimbini yeehidrojeni helium ekuveliseni amakhulu amawaka amandla amaxesha ngaphezu xa yawa ngaphandle amawaka ambalwa nuclei uranium! Equlethe izinto transuranic mikhulu, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba sona. Ukuba buzakusetyenziswa ukwenza amandla kwideri hydrogen, oko igcina kuphela kwi planethi ngokwaneleyo amakhulu amawaka eminyaka.

Khawube nomfanekiso-reactor compact ukuba unako ukusebenza ngaphandle kokufaka amashumi eminyaka, ngokubonelela ngokupheleleyo umbane elikhulu base amazwe! A ngxubevange eminye imithombo yamandla - eli lithuba aluncedo lonke uluntu, enika ithuba lokukhupha yokuhlola indawo ebanzi.

Ngelishwa, iziphene iteknoloji eninzi kunene. Okokuqala, kusekho akukho ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi ngere- zomsebenzi, kunye phambili kule nkalo baye kakhulu, ixesha elide kakhulu. Ukususela ngoko, omncinane weva malunga ethile inkqubela.

Okwesibini, ngenxa ngxubevange nuclei ukukhanya baseka isixa omkhulu neutron ukukhanya. Nkqu izibalo rough zibonisa ukuba iziqalelo reactor kwiminyaka nje emihlanu, babe radioactive kangangokuba izinto zabo ziya kutshatyalaliswa, akasukanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngamafutshane, le bugcisa kakhulu abangafezekanga, kodwa namathemba ayo nangoku mbaxa. Noko ke, naxa kunjalo ubuncinane uqikelelo nje, le umthombo wamandla engaqhelekanga ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo ube lusindiso ngokwenene lonke impucuko yethu.

izikhululo tide

Le yeentsomi namabali yezizwe zehlabathi Ungafumana okuninzi lweembekiselo imikhosi kaThixo kwalathisa olwandle. Man waphefumlela amandla mnandi omkhulu ingaphinda iyiqhube imizimba enjalo amanzi.

Kakade ke, kunye nophuhliso lwabantu kushishino kwakhona amehlo akhe phezu amandla namaza ukuba uvumelekile ukuba ukudala amandla, ubukhulu becala ngokuphinda ingcamango ixesha elide kuvavanywa nezingqinekayo kakuhle HPP. Izinto eziluncedo - eneji cheap, ukungabikho iyonke inkunkuma eyingozi kunye nemfuneko umhlaba ozaliswe, njengoko kunjalo izityalo umbane. Le ethile - iindleko eziphezulu yokwakha.

iziphumo

Ngenxa yoko, sinokuthi non-eqhelekileyo imithombo yamandla ehlaziyekayo ukuba malunga nama-70% ukunika uluntu enombane ofikelelekayo, ihlambuluke, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ubunzima kuyimfuneko ukuthoba iindleko zobugcisa.