Indida ka Ma

Ngumzali, inkcazelo leyo eziqhelekileyo kuthi, athi, nto leyo akanalo ingqiqo ingqiqo, yaye babephikisana kunye lweengcinga eyamkelekileyo. Olu didi nayo aphumelele, kwaye Kuluvo ukuba ukukhula yengeniso imali abantu kunokubangela ukuwa ngqo izinga lotyalo-mali kunye kwisigaba woqoqosho.

theory Classical kwezoqoqosho yayisekelwe kwi nkcazelo eyahlukileyo. Wathi imbono yokuba imali zimele, awothi oluyimfuneko abe ngumthombo lotyalo-mali, inkuthazo sokukhula bahluphekayo. Oko kukuthi, ukuba ingxowa-mali investment reserve.

Ngokwahlukileyo koko, eli nani kwezoqoqosho IsiNgesi George Maynard Keynes wenza isigqibo sokuba umnqweno ukudala inventri zigqithise ngumnqweno wabo ukuba utyalo kumazwe kunye nesakhiwo phambili kakhulu emarikeni. indida of Need imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- ukuba inzuzo kuyathotywa impumelelo yayo, oku ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani lamathuba inzuzo kakhulu ukuba utyalo-mali wayo;

- ukukhula imigangatho yokuphila yabantu kukhokelela ekwandeni umthamo imali yayo.

Nangona kunjalo, imali engasetyenziswanga kukhokelela ekuncipheni imali abathengi. Oku kukhokelela ekunciphiseni GDP kunye nemfuneko lamntu. Ngenxa yezi nkqubo, inqanaba ingeniso iyonke lehla ngama sisixa zingaphezu kwemali eyinkunzi ziphanzile.

Ngenxa yoko, indida ka Ma kukho ukwehla kwingeniso oluntu ngelixa sisenyusa imali yayo. uhlobo mali izimele igalelo ekukhuleni sengeniso yesizwe, kunye notyalo esukela. Oku kungenxa yintshukumo isiphumo.

Ukukhula nayiphi element yeendleko elizenzekelayo kwandisa imali yoluntu. Ubukhulu ukuba ntle yesizwe nokuphucula ingaphezulu isixa kumgangatho wokuqala zenkcitho. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukuhla kwengeniso abangaphangeliyo ukukhula mali, nto leyo ekhokelela ukuba mihla le nangenxa yokudodobala kwinkalo yezoqoqosho.

Xa ilizwe unengxaki yokuba nabaqeshelwe nje, indida ka Ma kukhokelela ukuthoba izinga yabathengi. Le nkqubo kuchaphazela isixa ebango aggregate. Abenzi impahla bengenako xiya imveliso zawo kwaye inzuzo. amashishini abo iphelelwa nomtsalane zabo into utyalo-mali. Oku kukhokelela ekuncipheni imithamo yemveliso, ukwanda engakumbi ngqesho kunye nokwehla kwinqanaba lengeniso aggregate.

Isizwe ehlwempuzeke kakhulu. Lo mgaqo iye yaqinisekisa ngaloo mihla, xa kwakukho kwezomnotho enkulu ka 1929-1933. Engagqibekiyo Need phambi imeko kunye ingqesho epheleleyo kunegalelo nothintelo kwisigaba zemali "nobushushu". Oku kungenxa ukuhla komgangatho amanani ngenxa ukuncipha kwemfuneko aggregate, leyo yenye izalathisi ezingundoqo kuqoqosho.

Oku kuphazamisa ukuselwa ngaphezu amathandathu ekhulwini yayo yonke inkcitho. Nkqu utshintsho ezincinane kakhulu imfuno ezintsha kungaba nefuthe elibonakalayo intsalela kumanqanaba bahluphekayo kunye nengqesho. Ukudala umfuziselo ngqo losetyenziso kwakuza kuqinisekisa ukuba ngokwaneleyo kunyuka ngcembe i GDP. Ngoncedo lwawo, bekuya kuba lula ngokwaneleyo ukuqikelela utshintsho zifunwa ngexesha ukukhula okanye ukuncipha kwenani utyalo-mali kunye nokuthengwa yoluntu.

Okwangoku, wadala imifuziselo ezininzi losetyenziso. Izazinzulu zizama ukubala ethile algorithm avareji echaza kangcono imfuno aggregate. Yenza imifanekiso echanekileyo ivumele uninzi ngempumelelo nokulawula iinkqubo zoqoqosho eluntwini.