Indlela ukudibanisa umatshini kwiqela lenjongo: ibandla, ukufakela, iintambo zombane

Ukuze siqonde ukudibanisa indlela kamatshini nembasa, kufuneka wazi neemfuno ubuncinane yokhuseleko ombane, ukhuseleko emlilweni. Kwakhona, ulwazi ezisisiseko zobunjineli bombane kuya kufuneka abale imithwalo eyimfuneko evela izixhobo zombane. Kubalulekile ukukhetha uhlobo sombane, ixabiso eliyimali ukusebenza kwawo kunye nenani izixhobo zokhuseleko.

injongo Electrical

Ukuze siqonde ukudibanisa indlela kamatshini nembasa, kufuneka baqhelane injongo yawo kunye neentlobo. Igqiza ombane ibekwe zonke izixhobo ukwabiwa ukutya zasendlini. Kukho ngekhompyutha, imitha amandla, RCD, oomatshini, baphinde.

Din-ephethe izixhobo yokubeka, lenziwe material conductive nisekelwe ngaxa linye. Elektroshchit zama ukufaka emnyango ukuya kwindlu okanye isitalato-icala kwikhaya labucala. Machine ngokwayo libhekisela slozhnotehnicheskim izixhobo. Ukuze kufuneka ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile ngokuxhomekeke kwisixhobo kuyo.

Modern Machine counter sikhusela iintambo kwizixhobo yesekethe yaye nokuba ukukhusela abantu yabanjwa ugesi. Ekhaya entabeni ukuba isixhobo ekwakhekeni yolawulo akuvumelekanga ukuze ukuthobela imimiselo yokhuseleko xa usebenza kwizixhobo phantsi ombane. Indlela ukudibanisa umatshini nekhaka, ingcali uyazi ukuba ezichaphazelekayo ukunyamezelana band. Ke ukuba nifuna ukuba kakuhle imali eninzi, yaye inzuzo, sinako ukwenza obekulahlekile ngokuzimeleyo.

Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazi ukuqhagamshela indlela umatshini kwiqela lenjongo, phambi kokuba uthenge nokufakela izixhobo. Ngoko khetha inkqubo ukhuseleko imbawula enamandla kakhulu, yaye kufuneka ukongeza oomatshini ezahlukeneyo zixhobo-amandla. Kuba yokugqibela, ubeke okufutshane beesekethe elektroniki. Idla kuyacetyiswa ukuba ufake RCD, ukunika iqondo eliphezulu lokuthembeka kunye nokhuseleko nezixhobo.

Uninzi zombane zinika umzobo kweentambo eqhelekileyo phantsi kwempixano - phezulu. Noko ke, kwenziwa ukuba ibhokisi mayingabali enyusiweyo iingcali ezinganxulumananga umbane, kwaye bondliwa ukusuka kwisigaba emazantsi matshini. Ngoko ke, phambi kokutshintsha isixhobo ayiphumelelanga kufuneka ukuba umlinganiselo unikezelo ombane voltmeter ziyalungiswa.

Overview

Ibhokisi sibali kwiiflethi liquka ngocingo ezimbini uqhagamshelwano lombane scheme. Kuyinto elula kwaye iqulathe ucingo feed - "kwisigaba", kunye nelothe - "cala" okanye "zero". imigangatho Modern ziquka ukusetyenziswa "isiseko" sokukhuselwa circuit elifutshane. Izixhobo ezifana bokuhlamba Umatshini, ifriji, neziko belenziwe yombane, kufuneka ukuba eziqhagamshelene inkqubo wire ezintathu.

Kubekwa wire esivumelana - imivumbo omthubi noluhlaza. Amaxabiso kuye akukho xhulumaniso kumatshini, ucingo isigaba elidityaniswe kuyo terminal. Ke kucetyiswa ukuba azihlanganisele kuye ukuya ingcali abangenamava olandelayo akezi phantsi isenzo lwangoku, abambe akhokele kulo mkhwa kumatshini ezantsi. Phambi kokuba nawuphi na umsebenzi kufuneka ukucima i Main Switch, kodwa zombane amaninzi enza umsebenzi phantsi koxinzelelo.

Iintambo uqhagamshelo kufuneka yenziwe ziingcali abo imfundo efanelekileyo kunye nokunyamezelana. Ukujongana bokuqonda ukufakelwa kwezinye koomatshini akuyondlwan 'iyanetha, ingakumbi xa zonke ibhalbhu socket ukukhanya umxhasi ugqibe ukufaka ungumgqithi yesekethe eyahlukileyo. Ezinye imibutho ukunika indibano panel zombane esele zenziwe. Kodwa ke kule meko kuyimfuneko kukunika ubuchule ukufaka oomatshini ezongezelelweyo kwixesha elizayo ukutshintsha yombane lulonke xa oyifunayo.

Izindululo ezitshintshwayo

Kuba ufakelo uqhagamshelwano kumatshini kufuneka:

• Izixhobo: ga, ii-screwdriver tyaba kwaye Phillips, multimeter.
• Wire ukuze zisetyenziswe kwisixhobo, icandelo cross kufuneka libelikulu kabini umthwalo. Ufakelo oluqhutywa lenjongo sele ifakiwe, ngoko enomsi--kaloliwe ayiqukwanga.
• Umashini kufuneka ube attachment eqhelekileyo. Iingcingo kwakhona abonela ithumbu incence ukukhuselwa ngokuchasene umonakalo.

Ngenxa Ukwambathisa iintambo isusiwe, nobude ngcingo azabi ekhethiweyo hayi ngaphezulu kwe-10 mm, kangangokuba iinxalenye ubuze bayaphuma ngumnqantsa izandla yaye ningachukumisi iinxalenye yesinyithi. Isisekelo kuyacetyiswa. Kumakhaya amakhulu, oko kusenokuba ndingekho. Kodwa kufuneka uzifakelele nto ukhuseleko lwakho.

To connect i "umhlaba" lisetyenziswa kwiqela lenjongo ekwabelwana terminal yangaphandle block for wire nganye phambili. Wokuqhuba umqhubi enkulu cross-candelo. "Olungathath'icala" kucetyiswa ukuba enze ibhloko enye, kodwa ivaliwe. Kudla ingozi ebomini bomntu. Ayanda panel uqala ukudibanisa ucingo emhlabeni, ngoko cala. Ekupheleni kwesigaba lufakwa.

Ukuba une oomatshini ezininzi usebenzisa Jumpers ukuba aqalile nizihlubile nje ekucinywa kuvulwe kuyo umbane. Ngombhobho, caba incence ngaphakathi, kwakufuneka kuphela xa intambo ngokubekwa non-esezantsi, xa kukho ingozi yomonakalo. amacandelo elifutshane incence musa iyibeke.

Ukutshintshwa Jumpers yi ipleyiti lonikezelo oluqhelekileyo, kufumaneka ngokoshishino nayiphi na ivenkile yombane. Ukukhusela abafowunelwa njengokubamba ibhokisi ezisetyenziselwa umatshini iiplastiki okanye enye Heating.

Khetha isixhobo

Umthwalo kwi umatshini kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi kwe esilinganiselwa. Imfuno 10, 16, 20 ampere. A ekumgangatho ophezulu wabeka ngokubanzi phantsi boilers, izifudumezi izindlu eziko. Kuba izixhobo standard ilingane 10 ampere: PC, TV, intsimbi kunye isomisi seenwele. Noko ke, ukuba umntu sixhobo uqhagamshelwe imithwalo ezininzi, ixabiso nto ifunyenwe ngokongeza onke amahlelo.

Akukhuthazwa ukuba umatshini enye ukusebenzisa ezininzi izixhobo, nezitsha, izibane izibane. Xa ukusilela iqela elinye, kwisokethi ukuba exutyiweyo ngaphandle kokucima fuse. Ukususela 2-amp isixhobo angaqala kudla amperes 5 tyala ebhodini. Oluzenzekelayo amps ukuya ku-16 akayi kusebenza. Oplavitsya angayiqonda ubushushu phezu kwala macingo.

Ngoko ke, ukhetho lo matshini Kucetyiswa ukuba adibane ngombane ukuba lokukhetha uhlobo isixhobo sokhuselo. Ahluke izinga impendulo ukukhusela, izihlanganisi, isixhobo lwangaphakathi, inani ngokwezigaba. Kuba kuzo ikhaka kwisigaba umqhubi lisetyenziswa kwi qha ezisisigxina, ukumakishwa ekhoyo sele emzimbeni kumatshini rhoqo.

iintlobo eyenziwayo

isixhobo full ixhomekeke kuhlobo yayo: isantya impendulo kwi millisecond inokuba itshintshela Imagnethi yomhlaba kunye iiyure eziliqela kwi imishini isitya bimetallic. Le ncwadi notation unalo ixabiso xa isixhobo sokhuselo. Ekhaya Kucetyiswa ukuba ukubeka iintlobo B, C.

Enqabile kwiiklasi ekhaya Z (izixhobo ze-elektroniki), D (ngokuba Iimoto zombane kunye inductors), A (ukwenzela ababhexeshi elide). kwiimatshini zombane abanamava ekucetyiswa ukuba edibana ngayo RCDs (isixhobo eyintsalela current) okanye sebenzisa circuit breakers Emergency. Ukwahlula ukhuselo electromechanical kunye elektroniki. Okwesibini zithembekile kangako yaye ngokukhawuleza acazulule, kubuna imizila nezinto engaphakathi accelerations obukhulu.

Xa ukhetha uhlobo kumatshini kucetyiswa ukuba siqwalasele ukuba ixabiso eliyimali nge kwicandelo iintambo kufuneka ngaphezulu i eninzi kunokwenzeka ubuninzi kwaye switsha. Ukuba umatshini kukho isantya impendulo eliphezulu novakalelo, oko kuya kuba ixabiso eliphezulu. Noko ke, asingabo bonke iimeko, kuya kuba oluthembekileyo, ukuze abe impendulo engalunganga ukuya umthwalo linyukile.

Ukuchonga loo ngxaki ayide ibe kuphela kwimeko nganye uhlalutyo indlela kwisixhobo basekhaya imithwalo ezongezelelweyo ukufana zibandakanyiwe womnatha ngexesha elinye.

features design

isixhobo umaphuli kuba nezi ntlobo zilandelayo:

• isimiso Electronic.
• Electromechanical.
• Solenoid.

Housing bekhetha iinketho ixabiso eliphantsi uphumezo oluzenzekelayo le kagesi isimiso ukusebenza. Inxalenye engundoqo yokusebenza a ngumcu bimetallic. Khetha utshintsho ngokulingana ikhawuleziswe iindleko zokusebenza. Ngokuba imisebenzi eqhelekileyo oomatshini ezifanelekileyo eqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuba usebenzisa kwezombane ezithile, kucetyiswa ukuba ukonga izixhobo zokhuselo.

Iifyuzi ezisetyenziswa izityalo zanamhlanje kwiindawo ingakumbi amadlala busebenze. RCD advantageously sikhusela umzimba yoluntu yabanjwa ugesi. Ukususela ezisisiseko zobunjineli bombane kwaziwa kakuhle ukuba ngoku kwisiphaluka series iyafana. Umgaqo esebenza ngayo isixhobo isekelwe phezu uthelekiso kwesigaba yangoku kunye iingcingo zero. Ityhileke ebizwa ngokuba ezohlukileyo ngoku kuvela ngexesha wentshabalalo womntu.

Nangona kunjalo, i-RCD amaninzi misfire xa inductance enkulu okanye capacitance. Kwi umsebenzi umatshini aluchaphazeli lesigaba kunye indlela uxhulumaniso cala version unipolar. Wayilinganisa omninzi, umahluko lokuchaphazeleka enokwenzeka azithathelwa ngqalelo.

iimpazamo Common

Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi safumana umbane swi ufakelo leyo senziwa yonke imigaqo. Kodwa lo mshini nangoku inkqonkqoza ngaphandle kwesizathu okanye izixhobo zomsebenzi endlwini. Loo yoko kwenzeka xa usenza ezithile eziphosakeleyo.

Simple nokusombulula iingxaki - ngoku kukungabikho umfowunelwa iiterminal kumatshini. Oku kunokwenzeka kunye nokususwa yokugquma ngocingo ngokwaneleyo xa imihlathi ezibe kwinxalenye Heating. ekupheleni wayizalela kufuneka sandiswe kancinane ngaphaya kwemida ye umatshini nokuzikhusela ukuba umzimba Heating, ezigugileyo phezu iswitshi.

Masithi nembasa, ndlu kukho iskim uqhagamshelo non-esezantsi, kwaye ufakelo uyakwazi ukubeka izixhobo kwi umqhubi emhlabeni cala. Olu fault khetho kwenzeka kuphela wabaqalayo, kodwa kunokukhokelela ukusilela kwizixhobo ezixabisa: TV, ikhompyutha, itshaja, okanye naluphi olunye udidi lwezixhobo.

Shoe Udinwe kunokwenzeka xa izixhobo ophezulu-amandla womnatha xa ucingo undoqo kwi kumatshini nje esolula kwaye contact olihlwempu. Ukusuka umthwalo omkhulu waphula yintlantsi, ngenxa isixhobo ngeli nqanaba itshiswa, kodwa musa ndinkqonkqoza. ukusebenza ixesha elide kule imo iziphumo yokuba kweplastiki uqala ukunyibilika, akuyi kwenzeka kude umlilo okanye short circuit phezu kwezindlu nisekelwe.

Kukho impazamo eqhelekileyo xa Wire uluhlu ezahlukileyo kancinane. Kulo mzekelo, oku kunokuba evakalala, ngenxa leyo imngene yintlantsi. Ekugqibeleni uya kuphelisa japan echazwe apha ngasentla. , Kufuneka ube unikezelo ikhaka non-enokutsha ukunqanda umlilo. okujikeleza ufakelo Electrical xa imithombo amandla eyahlukileyo eziliqela kumatshini enye. Uphakamile umahluko phakathi isixhobo kakhulu kwaye lingenamandla, qha oluthembekileyo ngaphantsi ifunyenwe iziponji.

Izindululo ukuze kuqaliswe ngemisebenzi

Lula ufakelo kuyafikelelwa yi ukuyilwa kwiingcingo ngohlobo kwi-ingalo kwindawo wombane. Ngoko ke umsebenzi lula ukugcina umqhubi ngexesha processing yi-terminal. qiniseka ukuba ukucima ekucinywa kuvulwe kuyo umbane phambi kokuba uxhulumaniso, ukuba kunokwenzeka.

To connect lo matshini, ungasebenzisa eyakho icandelo lakho umakad 'omnye. Nangona kunjalo, lo kungcono ibhasi eqhelekileyo kunye zokubopha eqhelekileyo. Xa retaining iingcingo eziqinileyo musa kuvela imibuzo, kodwa iingxaki zinokwenzeka usebenzisa ngababhexeshi ezininzi.

ukupheliswa Ngaba kufuneka wahlala phambi ngokuqinisa kwi-terminal. Ukuze wenze oku, sebenzisa isixhobo crimping ezizodwa, apho zingathengwa ezivenkileni zombane. Emihlathini yayo enombhalo icandelo standard ngokukhetha inxalenye efanelekileyo, ukufezekisa umfowunelwa ilungileyo emva crimping nkqubo. A ubukhulu ezincinane kubangela ukuqhawuka kwenxenye ye-USB, kwaye omkhulu akayi ukunika isiphumo oyifunayo.

Crimping angasebenzisa nemilomo ezizodwa enobubanzi elithile kwicingo. Kukho indlela yesibini - ngelotha. Kuyinto kakhulu ixesha elide, kodwa oluthembekileyo ngaphantsi yaye kusetyenziswa kwiisekethe ezisezantsi-amandla. Kuhlangana uthambile. Ekuqaleni, iiclamps ukuba some ukuya eliphezulu, kodwa emva kwexesha elithile ziya kuwuyeka ngenxa yokuba i solder ziya kuqala ku "edadayo". contact Poor esongela ingozi yomlilo.

Yintoni na ukuyenza?

Amaninzi kule izakhiwo ezindala kusetyenziswa ucingo aluminiyam, kunye nemizobo ezintsha nokufakelwa kufuneka umqhubi yobhedu. zikagesi ongenamava ukudibanisa iintsimbi ezimbini twist ukuze ekugqibeleni kungakhokelela ukutshintshwa iintambo. Oku kungenxa yokusabela imichiza phakathi kwezinto ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: aluminiyam nangobhedu.

Kuvela inkqubo igcwala, isantya elandelwayo exhomekeke kule umthwalo kwisekethe. Ukuba, ke, kule uqhagamshelo kukho imfuneko, ngoko ufakelo kungenziwa ezinjengeetheminali ngci. Noko ke, emva kwexesha elide, nezitshixo zalo kufuneka ukubamba ngaphandle, baya kuba buthathaka. Linegunya, akukho akukhuthazwa ukuba zisetyenziswe kwiqela. Kwaye umatshini ngalinye kubhetele ukuba asayine iminyaka embalwa, ungakhohlwa malunga isixhobo kuyo.

Ukunciphisa umthwalo kwi kumatshini kuba ngokusetyenziswa ngokuwonga kunye ibhalbhu. Loo ndlela akuyi kufuneka ukuba bacinge malunga ithuba linabantu usambathisa. Uya kuhlala kuphela kwi umngcipheko circuit elifutshane.

Kwimeko ukungaphumeleli

Ukuba umatshini yeni, ayikhuthazwa tu into yokuba siyivule ngoko nangoko. Kufuneka kuqala ukuvavanya unobangela ingxaki enokwenzeka: kutshanje hung kwithala, ndathenga isixhobo sombane esitsha okanye ukungabikho iziganeko zangaphambili. Sithwalisa inokuba ngenxa avuthayo isahlulo wire kwizakhiwo monolithic. Ukuze ufumane i lembandezelo amabala kukho izixhobo ezifumanekayo iingcali-ngogesi. Oku kuyinyaniso, xa uvula iindleko onodonga kakhulu iindleko imisebenzi kwi kuxilongo zekhaya yombane.

Xa umatshini emboss, kucetyiswa ukuba usebenzise i ohmmeter ukukhangela ukuba akukho wesekethe elifutshane ukuya phantsi okanye phakathi izinikezeli: lesigaba kunye cala. Ngaphambi koku, ukhuphe zonke izixhobo. Ukufakwa kwi kwikhonkco ukuvelisa isixhobo omnye, apho ukulinganisa ngoku uhamba ngocingo esebenzisa amangolwane zombane.

Kwemfuneko Umatshini umthwalo ihlelo ufuna ukutshintshwa iswitshi, okanye ukutshintsha indawo uqhagamshelwano yayo. Xa uphethwe kunokwenzeka ukukhangela iingalo wire ngaphandle yokulinganisa isixhobo ephethe ubushushu ngexesha nokusebenza kwabathengi. Ukuba itshiswa, oko overvalued ngoku kwisekethe.