Indlela "ukuva ivumba" okanye "va"? Ezinye ubuqili ulwimi Russian

ulwimi IsiRashiya ngaphezu kweminyaka eliwaka yembali. Amanye amabinzana akazange athandabuze ukuba ukusebenzisa kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kunye ingqalelo ephambili kubonakale nengqondo, okanye amazwe. Bolunye ukufunda ulwimi Russian, kunzima ukuba bachaze ukuba kutheni impukane ihleli phezu kodonga kunye ivazi phezu kwetafile na. Kwakhona kunokuba nzima ukukhumbula indlela ukuthi, ukwambatha ingubo okanye yokunxiba, ukuva okanye uzive ivumba. Kaloku, igama elithi "hayi, ephosakeleyo," yaye abe ngumzekelo nje ekuqiqeni Russian. Kweli nqaku, sithetha ukuba bathi ngokuchanekileyo: "ivumba ukuva okanye uzive."

Hayi kuphela ngasempuma kodwa ulwimi - umcimbi ezifayo

Lo msebenzi inzima kakhulu. Swi zichaza indlela athi, "ukuva okanye uzive ivumba" akakwazi wonke ngeelwimi. Ngokufuthi, ngokuba utoliko ubunzima Russian nceda ujonge izichazi-magama, izinto yesalathiso, kunye nezinye iilwimi. Ngokukodwa, nto ezininzi, phantsi imithetho Russian - "inuka ukuva okanye uzive?"

Wonke hlanga umfanekiso ethile yehlabathi, nto leyo ngendlela ethile ziboniswe kule nkqubo yeesimboli. Kodwa inkqubo ngokwayo linemithetho zangaphakathi kunye logic bayo. Asikuko kuphela esinayo ulwimi, kodwa kuthatha thina.

Ukuze siqonde ukuba yintoni umahluko phakathi ibinzana elithi "ukuva okanye uzive ivumba", ngokuyimfuneko nangoko ukufikelela isichazi-magama. Kulula ukuba uqaphele ukuba isenzi "ukuva" kubonisa iqondo elikhulu ikhono ngokomzimba ukuqonda izandi, kwaye isenzi "va" ibonisa isimo sengqondo.

Siyaqonda ukuba ihlabathi ngaphandle sinzima, kuba ezingqondweni zethu banxibelelane nabanye. Umzekelo, kwi ukupeyinta, kukho mibala ezibandayo nefudumeleyo, umculo - umculo enzima, njl Ngenxa maxa wambi ngathi, ukuva ukuba ivumba, ukuqonda le nkqubo Umbono ivumba elithile ...

Amagama, njengoko banjalo abantu, abakwazi ukuya kwenye

Igama elithi "valency" liqhelekile ezininzi ukusuka lichotshelwe esikolweni. Ngoko chemistry zibhekiselela kukukwazi kwemolekyuli ukubophelela kwenye molecule. Kodwa ulwimi, nangona yobuninzi amagama namabinzana, zibonakala ngaphandle logic, enyanisweni, ngobulumko isimiso iimpawu.

Xa Ezolimi ebizwa Valence ithuba umqondiso munye namanye amagama. Umzekelo, "indlela obhityileyo", "indlela obhityileyo", kodwa 'umntu obhityileyo "sithi. Semantically, igama elithi "inobuqhophololo" ngcono izinto ezingaphiliyo okanye amalungu omzimba, kodwa musa ukuthetha nabantu bebonke. Kulo bali Yaduma Anton yaseChekhov omnye wabahlobo bakhe kwaba angamarhoqorhoqo, hayi ezingcakacileyo, ngenxa yokuba lo umlinganiswa, ngokungafaniyo umhlobo "obukhulu" yakhe, ethe yalahleka yesazisi kunye isesebuqaqawulini bayo, waba flatterer wakukhonza.

Czech wasebenzisa walithiywa 'obhityileyo "ngenjongo, ukuze libanike ibali enkulu nesithukuthezi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha senze iimpazamo random, kuba ngaphandle imimiselo zolwimi uncwadi likhona kwaye nokuthetha, qho ke ngaphaya eqhelekileyo. Ngoko ke, ukuze aqonde ukuba njani "ukuva okanye uzive ivumba", kuyimfuneko ukuba babuyele isichazi-explanatory kunye sichazi-ilizwi Russian. Kodwa ke anengqondo kokwakhiwa kwezi mabinzana zikhankanywe ngasentla.

Yintoni izichaza

Kwisiqingatha sokuqala kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini. wayelingana ngokupheleleyo, zombini iifom - "ukuva vumba" yaye "nevumba". Oku kuhlolwe dictionary i DS Ushakov.

Noko ke, ukususela phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini. inkqubo ulwimi itshintshile kwaye ngoku kuphela izinga obscheliteraturnogo echanekileyo yintlanganisela "nevumba". Kungenxa kule fomu ukuba binzana inikwa collocations isichazi-magama, epapashwe yi-Institute of Language Russian ngo-1983. AS Pushkin. Le yeyona omnye iimpapasho kunayo yonke le hlobo.

Ngelo xesha, le ntetho "live" ...

Iingcali ngeelwimi niza kutshata nitrogen, inkcazo kunye ukugwetyelwa eqhelekileyo boncwadi. Noko ke, ukususela 1983, kuye phantse engama-30, yaye ulwimi iye yatshintsha kancinane, kuba usoloko kwaye singayeki luphuhla. Kunye nokuphuculwa kwemigangatho zokuphila kwabantu nokuphuculwa kushishino isiqhumiso, kukho iintlobo ezintsha oomoya, iivenkile ezobuchwepheshe evulekileyo, njalo-njalo. D.

Ngenxa yoko, ngoku kubona ukuba ibinzana elithi "ukuva vumba" Ekugqibeleni wawa yayekwa, yaye bafudukela kummandla isigama yobungcali. Ngabaqholikazi musani ukucinga ngayo, kufuneka ukuva okanye uzive ivumba. Ngenxa kubo, oomoya i uhlobo lomculo umzimba, ingakumbi ulwimi iimvakalelo kunye neminqweno.

Ngoko ke, ukuba awazi, ukuva okanye ivumba isiqhumiso, unako ngokukhuselekileyo ukusebenzisa intetho yemihla ngemihla la mabinzana mabini. Xa unxibelelwano yemihla ngemihla akuyi kuya kuba yimpazamo. Noko ke, amaxwebhu asemthethweni, ukuba ikhona, kufuneka ukuba, kodwa kufuneka usebenzise indibaniselwano maxabiso. Ukuba sithetha ivumba elibi, xa kunjalo, kufuneka usebenzise isenzi "va".

Yintoni nezinye izenzi sidibanisa elithi "zinuke"

Kodwa elithi "va" kunye iimpawu "livumba", "nevumba" idibanisa izenzi zilandelayo:

• lokunciphisa;
• uthando;
• ube;
• ukupapasha;
• sabandithiyileyo;
• amele.

Ivumba efanayo kakhulu nga ethile / ethile ukufikelela okanye azingene yaye bakhunjuzwe into, njengalo okanye hayi.

Indlela ukuguqulela ibinzana elithi "ivumba" kwezinye iilwimi

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba ngeelwimi zaseYurophu elithi "nevumba" kwakhona wayedla ngokusebenzisa isenzi "va": fr. "Kakaya", Eng. "Feel". Nakuba kunjalo, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuba British akazange acinge ngayo ukuva indlela ivumba okanye uzive ezinye ubuqili ezikhoyo ngolwimi lwabo. Khumbula, ingoma edume Nirvana "inuka umoya elivisayo". Ngapha koko, "ivumba" - ngokoqobo lithetha "nevumba" ukuqonda ivumba. Njani Ubuya ukuguqulela kwi ulwimi Russian lo gama? Le nguqulelo yokoqobo akunakwenzeka, akunjalo?

In Ukrainian kukho iindlela ezifanayo lwendibaniso kulwimi Russian. Ngokuchasene yangasemva ibinzana nganye ezinga malungu abantu "ivumba vіdchuvati" intetho Indies nobuntatheli anokufunyanwa ibinzana elithi "ivumba kyung" (ngokoqobo, "ukuva ivumba").

Mhlawumbi utyekelo ukuqonda isiqhumiso njenge uphawu umculo kwezizwe ezininzi Slavic.

Ngoko ke, impendulo yalo mbuzo ilungile: ivumba beva okanye uzive, ayikho. Izinga olusemthethweni wesibini khetho, kodwa kuqala ndivumele masithi intetho Indies imisebenzi.