Indlela yokwenza umbhalo irandi? Imithetho ekubhaleni, bomgca, kunye nemizekelo esemazantsi kwikhosi

Ukuze "ezigqwesileyo" Kwathi umsebenzi Kakade, umfundi kufuneka nje ube nako ukuchaza ngobuchule nezinto eziza kusetyenziswa kuvavanyo, kodwa siyazi ukuba uphumeze njani kakuhle, eyihlangula esidlangalaleni. Kweli nqaku abanakuswela intetho malunga nendlela bayaqikelela umbhalo exchange rate.

Yintoni na?

Eyokuqala into ukufumanisa iingqiqo, ngenxa yokuba kaninzi abafundi abakwazi ukulichaza kakuhle indlela ethile elide. Umbhalo - kubonisa ye ngumfundi umthombo apho simlahle thaca kwisicatshulwa esi sibhalo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba ingcaciso ethile omfutshane kwicandelo elithile lokubhaliweyo, esenokuba Akukwazi ukuya umfundi.

ukuba phi?

Abanye abafundi ukubuza malunga apho ungafunda ukwenza njani omnye umbhalo kumsebenzi khosi. Ngoko ke, kufuneka ucele uncedo abamenyiweyo 7.1-200. Noko ke, ukuthanda ebalulekileyo kwaba kakhulu ixesha elide, nezenzo ixesha elide. Yiyo loo nto namhlanje kolu xwebhu inokufumaneka, hayi zonke iimpendulo zemibuzo eziyimfuneko kulo meko. Ngoko ngaba uyenze njani kule meko? Imithetho zobhaliso yomsebenzi Kakade, kuquka amakhonkco, kuyimfuneko ukuba isicelo kwisebe, ukuya amaWisile. Yena uya kunikezela lonke ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Amaxesha amaninzi, kuba oku kukho iincwadi ngokukhethekileyo ukulungele zesebe, nto leyo eye zonke iimpendulo ekunene ukuya imibuzo kubafundi malunga ubhaliso ngemisebenzi ebhaliweyo zenzululwazi.

Kwiifom

Iyafuna esithi ukuba kukho iintlobo ezimbini footnotes kumsebenzi khosi. Umzekelo oku inokufumaneka nawuphi na umsebenzi zenzululwazi.

1. Umbhalo. Ezibekwe phambili ngokuyimfuneko kwiphepha efanayo (kumphantsi kakhulu, yaye umgca ezizodwa), apho quote iposwe. Ekupheleni kwale uphindo efanayo wabeka tsiferka encinane (abekwe njengophawu weqondo - ngentla kancinci line).
2. Esemgceni. Ibekwa ngoko nangoko emva kokuba esi sibhalo kwizibiyeli ezisikwere. Embindini kwizibiyeli ziya kuposelwa amanani abonisa ukuba inani umthombo (ukusuka uncwadi) kunye page (s) obeka kuchaphulo olu ezithathiweyo.

Umbhalo

Ngoko ke, indlela yokwenza umbhalo kumsebenzi ikhosi? Okokuqala, ndifuna ukuqonda kunye esemazantsi, t. To. Le nkqubo yamalungiselelo abo inzima ngakumbi ngokubhekiselele ukusebenza kwi computer. imithetho yokufomatha:

1. inani Umbhalo kuza emva sibhalo, kodwa phambi kokuba ixesha kunye iimpawu zocaphulo ezivaliweyo.
2. inani Umbhalo zincinane ngaphezu kwiindinyana, ibekwe kwikona engasentla ekunene unobumba wokugqibela quote.

Indlela yokwenza oko kwi computer

Ziphandwa ngakumbi ngendlela yokwenza umbhalo kumsebenzi khosi. Ngoku kuyimfuneko ukuba siqwalasele indlela oku konke kunokwenziwa MS lweWord kwikhompyutha yakho. Ngoko, kuba oku kufuneka ubeke isikhombisi kwi ekupheleni uphindo igama lokugqibela, kodwa phambi ingongoma. Okulandelayo kwi toolbar, apho phezulu kwekhusi, kufuneka ufumane i "Faka", emva koko ukhethe i "Links kunye References." sele kukho ekhethiweyo ifomathi umbhalo osemazantsi, nazo kufuneka khangela i "elinamanani kwiphepha ngalinye." Ngoko footnotes njalo page uza kuqala iyunithi yaye iya kuba kuphela kule ephepheni.

Indlela ekhangeleka ngayo

Ngoko ke, ndiya kuqwalasela indlela sibhalo ezidinga umbhalo osemazantsi? Umzekelo: "Xa phezu utatomkhulu kunye nomfazi, yagqitwa zinala Hen ^1". Emva edinichka ezifakwe yonke imithetho, umgca emazantsi ephepha ngokuzenzekelayo oboniswe phantsi apho ecaleni tsiferki "1", ungakhankanya umthombo ikhowuti ithathwa kuwo.

footnotes esemgceni

Musa ukulibala ukuba umbhalo kumsebenzi khosi nako intratextual. Qiniseka ukuba bathi oku kudala inqaku elula, kunjalo, ukuya kufumana ulwazi ayikho nje elula. Njengoko kubonakala? Ngoko ke, ibekwe ngoko nangoko emva kokuba esi sibhalo kwizibiyeli ezisikwere. Ngaphakathi kwizibiyeli ziya kuba amanye amanani eziya kubhalwa, ezahlulwe lokuma phakathi kwezivakalisi lisetyenziswe. Okokuqala ziya kudweliswa inani umthombo ikowuteshini ithathwa kuwo (ukusuka kuluhlu zakulungiselelwa iincwadi), ngoko emva kokuba semicolon - page. iphepha elinye okanye nangaphezulu ukuze kuboniswe. Kwakhona kufutshane inani lokugqibela ukuba unobumba "s.", Yiyiphi lithetha "Page (s)."

The main Imingeni

Ukuba imithetho yomsebenzi zifundo kufuneka akhuphe esemazantsi esisemgceni, kufuneka ukuba ukhumbule ukuba bokuqonda embalwa:

1. Ifonti efanayo, njengoko kumbhalo engundoqo (Times New Roman, ubungakanani 14 - oku umgangatho).
2. Mfuneko ukuba alandele utshintsho kuluhlu reference (ingakumbi ukuba footnotes zikhutshwa phambi kokuba uluhlu lwe iimbekiselo ezikhandelwa ngokupheleleyo) kule nombolo umthombo sikhethwe ngokuchanekileyo.

Niyayibona njani?

Ngoko ngaba ukhangela njani footnotes esemgceni? Caphula: "Kudala utatomkhulu kunye nomfazi, baba baya namachokoza Hen." Option 1: [1; 1] Option 2: [1; a. 1]. Ukhetho: [1; 1-2] okanye [1; a. 1-2]. Zonke ezi ndlela yokubhala amakhonkco esemgceni ezinokwenzeka. Konke kuxhomekeke kanye oko iimfuneko zedizayini yabo utyhala esitulweni.

Imithetho ezisisiseko ubhaliso esemazantsi

Kufuneka kwakhona ukuqwalasela imigaqo esisiseko ubhaliso footnotes kumsebenzi khosi.

1. Umbhalo ngokusesikweni unit amathuba (kungakhathaliseki ukuba lokuphumla okubhaliweyo umsebenzi ngokwawo), ifonti idla ngaphantsi kwe iiyunithi ezimbalwa.
2. ezinye footnotes emininzi iza kushicilela kule khosi, ukuba Xitsonga. Ngoko ke, ubukhulu kubo iya kuba ncam umbhalo omkhulu. Kaninzi - ubungakanani Times New Roman 14.
3. Umbhalo mayibandakanye umthombo inombolo (kususwa kuluhlu koncwadi); ngokuba descenders esisezantsi embhalweni basenokuyigqiba nenkcazelo umthombo.
4. Umbhalo kuba mfutshane and polnoopisannymi, ezi ndlela zimbini zivunyelwe ikhosi kuyilo ngokulinganayo, ukuba kuchazwe ngenye indlela.

Inkqubo sokubhalisa umthombo

Ukuhlaziya amalungiselelo indlela umbhalo kumsebenzi ke, qiniseka ukuba kufuneka akwazi ukuchaza indlela ngokuchanekileyo umthombo ngokwayo. Kuthekani ukuba oku kuyimfuneko yokucacisa ntoni ukuze?

1. Ifani noonobumba bokuqala lombhali. Ukuba kukho ababhali eziliqela, baya kuba ngendlela efanayo njengoko kubhaliweyo umthombo ngokwayo.
2. Elipheleleyo igama umthombo. Kuboniswe njenge zitho umthamo.
3. Ukuba umthombo liguqulelwa kulwimi lwasemzini, ngenxa yokugawula ibonisa igama itoliki.
4. Le ilandelayo umthombo ncwadi umzi.
5. Igama lendlu nokupapasha.
6. umthombo akhululwa.
7. Inani lilonke lamaphepha.

Umzekelo: Novoselovets VP, Udalova MV Unxibelelwano kumsebenzi wentlalo / Novoselovets VP UDALOVA MV - Petropavlovsk: PPI, 2001. - 116 p.