Inethiwekhi Global computer

inethiwekhi esuka kwikhompyutha - akukho nto kodwa ezitshatileyo iikhompyutha eziliqela kunye, ebavumela ukuba bacebisane data. womnatha Global ikhwelo xa bagqubuthele abasebenzisi esuka ehlabathini jikelele. Qaphela ukuba computer networks yokuqala ezafa yabonakala eUnited States. Kodwa bambalwa abantu bazi ukuba kanye umgaqo obu bugcisa lalisetyenziswa kuqala kwi-USSR, yaye ngenxa yoko kudala inkqubo yokhuselo enomjukujelwa wokuqala.

Namhlanje, kukho kucalulo womnatha ebanzi ngokufanelekileyo. Ngokutsho kokwabiwa lothungelwano computer owahlukileyo yehlabathi, yengingqi kunye basekuhlaleni. inethiwekhi Global computer networks ibekwe kummandla karhulumente okanye eziliqela ithi, umzekelo, i-jikelele Internet. LANs kuthatha umgama ukuya amashumi eziliqela ye square metres, nawommandla - kuyinto inethiwekhi, apho ibekwe kwingingqi okanye isixeko.

Noko ke, igama elithi ephambili ukuhlelwa neminatha yomibini - ngu: WAN ne LAN.

WideAreaNetwork (WAN) - jikelele networks computer, eziquka iindawo ezinkulu, ezibandakanya uthungelwano bendawo kunye nezinye izixhobo zonxibelelwano kunye nothungelwano.

LocalAreaNetwork (LAN) - Ethernet, leyo kubekho izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo phambi kokuba ukukhululwa yayo phezu abanikezeli nkonzo. Igama elifanayo kakhulu «LAN» uyakwazi ukuchaza womnatha ofisi ezincinane, kwaye uthungelwano sisityalo esikhulu esigquma ummandla akile amakhulu aliqela.

Uthungelwano indala ehlabathini nguye Internet. Inika iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukudibanisa iikhompyutha olukude, kunye nokusetyenziswa jikelele izixhobo zolwazi kunye neenkonzo ezisasaziweyo.

Ekuqaleni, lo uthungelwano lwehlabathi computer inxaxheba ekusombululeni ingxaki lokufikelela ezinjengeetheminali ezininzi ekude kunye neekhompyutha computer anamandla, ekuthiwa host-s. Ezi ukuxhumana zenziwa nge unswitched okanye amajelo ivulwa kwenethiwekhi yefowuni okanye nge abazahluleleyo networks data satellite, umzekelo, ukusebenza X.25 protocol.

To connect ezinjalo networks ukusebenzisa i modem ukuba iqhuba iinkqubo ngomnxeba ezizodwa, COMIT uhlobo, PROCOM, BITCOM, MITEZ kunye nabanye. Aphethwe OS MS-DOS, baya babelane ngolwazi ikhompyutha ngawo iqhagamshele.

Efanayo kakhulu ukwakha uthungelwano lwehlabathi chaza akukho nzima kakhulu. Uthungelwano lwehlabathi ibandakanya iiseli ukuba ezi local network. Xa ithuba LANs luqulathe kothungelwano ezincinane kunye neekhompyutha ngamnye. Nantsi ziyihayirakhi-level ezininzi kwaye yenza nokwakhiwa network. Ukongeza, isixhobo ngamnye kumsebenzi womnatha kufuneka eyakho IP-idilesi yayo, okanye isazisi esisodwa.

Kule mihla, ngaphantsi yaye ngaphantsi kusetyenziswa iikhompyutha kuthungelwano yekhompyutha lwehlabathi. Ngokusisiseko, kungenxa - PC ekhaya. Ubukhulu becala, ngabo ababhalisele womnatha iikhompyutha, leyo neku wengingqi kwindawo networks, ke ngoko, ezininzi iingcali ucinga anokukhethwa kangangoko ukunika intsebenziswano engcono ndawo uthungelwano local eziliqela. Kuyimfuneko kulo mzekelo ukubonelela ukuba ikhomputha ekude a ngokunxulumene nayo nayiphi na ikhompyutha ngaphakathi kumnatha womsebenzi wobulali ukude, okanye ngolunye uhlobo. Le ndlela yokugqibela yi efanelekileyo kakhulu njengoko inani ekhaya kunye neekhompyutha zobuqu.

Ngoku sebenzisa la maziko utshintshe nje kuba lothungelwano X.25 izixhobo ezikhethekileyo iinkampani Telenet-mveliso, Ericsson, Siemens nezixhobo womnatha, Alcatel kunye kunjalo, kakuhle, kuba TCP / uthungelwano IP basebenzise imizila kunye mveliso Cisco Decnis. Noko ke, obu bugcisa Kwakumi ngxi, yaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba kwixesha elizayo siya kubona inkqubo yocwangciso esebenza ngempumelelo ngakumbi nokucwangciswa uthungelwano lwehlabathi, ekungoku nje nefuthe elikhulu ubomi phantse wonke umntu.