Injongo yokudalwa kunye nokuvulwa Asian Development Bank

I-Asian Development Bank (ADB) iye yaba yenye yeendawo ezibalulekileyo zophuhliso mihla - kumlo wokulwa nendlala. Esebenza kulo mmandla, apho malunga ne-700 ezigidi abantu abafumana imivuzo engaphantsi kwe $ 1 ngosuku kunye 1.9 billion (ngaphezu ikota yabantu behlabathi) abanemivuzo engaphantsi kwe $ 2 ngosuku.

ulwazi zembali

ADB iye engekakhawulwa '60s njengeziko zemali, igalelo ekukhuleni koqoqosho, intsebenziswano phakathi karhulumente enye mimandla ezizezona zehlabathi. Yamkelwa ngo-1963 isisombululo kwi kwiNkomfa ezikhethekileyo yaBaphathiswa lwamazwe angabamelwane bazisa iphupha sebaleni.

Ukuvulwa Asia Development Bank kwenzeka 19.12.1966 iminyaka. Ekuqaleni, injongo ephambili ukuvakalisa inkxaso kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni. Xa umbutho we-60 zijolise kakhulu ukuncedwa entsimini ukuze kupheliswe indlala. Kwiziko ngalinye ukwenzela ukulungiselela ADB Manila ekhethiweyo. ngumongameli wokuqala Takeshi Watanabe.

Asian Development Bank: injongo yokudala

Kulo mission kwiziko zemali amanene. lombutho:

• ekhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho oluzinzileyo kwingingqi Asia-Pacific, apho onke amazwe angamalungu anomdla;
• Zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yophuhliso;
• Oku kuvala ukuba iinkqubo zoqoqosho nezentlalo;
• kukhuthaza intsebenziswano kunye subregional.

Kwidabi lokulwa nentlupheko, ADB usebenza kwiinkalo ezimbini eziphambili:

• ukubonelela ngenkxaso-mali kwi-sikhokelo iiprojekthi kunye neenkqubo zokunciphisa ubuhlwempu nokukhuthaza ukukhula koqoqosho ezithile;
• ulungiselelo iingcebiso kunye nohlahlelo noorhulumente kumazwe angamalungu ukuze zisetyenziswe nokuphuculwa kwemigaqo-nkqubo kunye namaziko ukuze kuphuculwe izinga lokuphila.

nkqubo ulwazi

I-Bank iye liphuhlise inkqubo yonxibelelwano qhinga. Oku kugqiba umxholo imiyalezo ulwazi, abaphulaphuli ekujoliswe kunye nemijelo yokosulela. Kuba ukusebenza ADB esebenza imibutho eyahlukeneyo kunye noluntu ngokubanzi.

Ukudala koomahlulelane abomeleleyo kunye nemveliso ngokubanzi iquka umsebenzi, izizathu Asia Development Bank kunye nenjongo yemisebenzi yayo zicacileyo kwaye ziqondakale. Ukuze ufumane ngokuzithemba nokuba bakwazi ukukhuthaza uphuhliso inxaxheba ADB ibonisa ngokuphandle kunye nokuphendula ngokutshintshelana olusebenzayo lolwazi kunye nengxelo evela bonke abachaphazelekayo.

isakhiwo

Asian Development Bank - yinto ngumbutho ngamazwe ogama shareholders amazwe angamalungu 67, 48 ukusuka kummandla kunye 19 kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. izixhobo eziphambili ADB kaThixo ngokunceda amazwe zayo ilungu abasaphuhlayo dialogue nkqubo, mboleko, utyalo-equity, iziqinisekiso, izibonelelo, kunye noncedo lobugcisa.

imisebenzi zemali

Le ibhange imali kakhulu ukwenzela iiprojekthi zotyalo-mali. Ukuba ekuqaleni lwemali ayesebenza kancinane ngaphezu $ 1 billion, ngoko-mali we-80 ekufikelelwe $ 10 ezigidi xxi umbutho ngenkulungwane wabona into eyinkunzi onocwangco -. $ 50 ezigidi.

isakhiwo umsebenzi ilula: izityebi-kubaboleki karhulumente mali yotyalo-mali ukuncedisa ADB, nto leyo eza kunceda ukuphumeza iiprojekthi zophuhliso kwimimandla zihluphekileyo. iimeko Ukuboleka anomtsalane kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa kwiimalike zemali yorhwebo.

izibalo

Ngo-2015, umthamo siboleka Asia Development Bank yaba $ 15,45 billion (iiprojekthi 107), umthamo uncedo olunzulu (TA) $ 141.30 million (199 iiprojekthi), kwaye ubungakanani neenkqubo ezixhaswa ngemali yegranti, yaba $ 365,15 million (iiprojekthi 17).

Ngapha koko, ukuba ukujikelezisa $ 10,74 billion of ngqo co-mali ngokohlobo mboleko esemthethweni kunye nezibonelelo, enye imali concessional nezorhwebo co-mali. Phakathi kwabo:

• iklasi mboleko «B»;
• iindlela transfer umngcipheko;
• iziqinisekiso Co-mali;
• mboleko parallel;
• capital Okhunye;
• co-ngezimali imisebenzi ezixhasa urhwebo Programme ADB.

Ngeli xesha ukususela ngoJanuwari 1, 2011 on December 31, 2015 umthamo yonyaka ka ADB yokubolekisa avareji $ 12.93 yezigidi zezigidi. Ukongeza, umthamo izibonelelo investment kunye TA ngemali yi ADB kunye nezibonelelo mali ezizodwa, kwabikwa $ 580.66 yezigidi kwaye US $ 150, 23 yezigidi TA kweli xesha linye.

Ngowe-2016, imisebenzi ADB bafikelela-ngexesha lonke ophezulu $ 31.5 billion, ukwanda kwe-17% xa kuthelekiswa no-2015. mboleko emiselwe kunye nezibonelelo ukulungiselela imisebenzi nokumkani non-geqe bafikelela $ 17.5 yezigidi (ukunyuka nge-9%), mboleko ezingezo-concessional yaba $ 14.4 yezigidi mboleko ezikhethwayo ladlula $ 3.1 yezigidi zezigidi uncedo Technical liye landa nge-20% - .. Ukuya ku $ 170 million.

Asian Development Bank: Ingaba oko kuya kunceda Russia

Uninzi kummandla Russia buzinze kwelaseAsiya, yomxhaso sesithathu lizwekazi. Nangona Code alisebenzi kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo, intsebenziswano kunye ADB kubonakala kusengqiqweni. Umbuzo yingxenye kuxoxwa ngenkuthalo, lo gama i-lizwe ukuba babe ngabakhi-mkhanyo kwi isakhiwo yebhanki.

Le umqobo ukuba eqale ukuba uqaphele mboleko ADB zabelo ezinkulu - Japan kunye United States. Noko ke, idabi ozakuzo inxaxheba kwingxoxo Japan kunye USA ukutshintsha kwemigaqo-nkqubo lwezopolitiko nolwezoqoqosho kulawulo olutsha kuzisa yokungena Russia ukuya ingcamango lwesakhiwo yebhanki amalungelo elo lizwe kubalizi.

Ubulungu kuya kuvumela Russia ukuzinzisa intsebenziswano kunye namalungu States of APEC. iinkqubo zotyalo kwezolimo, inkxaso amaphulo zabucala izinto eziphambili lokukhuthaza Asia Development Bank kuphuhliso kweeprojekthi zezibonelelo, naseRashiya nje kufuneka co-ukuhlawulela ezi projekthi.

Umsebenzi kumazwe ico

ADB aza sokubambisana kunye namazwe Asia Central: Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. Kazakhstan ibambisane ne ADB ukususela ngo-1994. Bank uzibophelele $ 4.4 billion ukuya lizwe yeeprojekthi kwezolimo, unkcenkceshelo, imfundo, ezemali, ezothutho, ubonelelo lwamanzi kunye nogutyulo lwelindle. Umthamo uwonke iindleko Development Fund Asian yaba $ 3,74 billion.

Lo mbutho ubandakanyeka kuvuselelwa 375 km ukusuka zento inyoba ngezizwe kummandla Zhambyl, eseyiphantse ngokupheleleyo. Bayihlaziye 470 km yendlela Aktau-Beyneu kummandla Mangistau, ekufuneka ukunciphisa ixesha lokuhamba avareji ukususela kwiiyure ezili-12 ukuya ku-4, oko kule nkqubo nokuphunyezwa.

Ngowe-2015, ADB yamkele amboleke $ 1 bhiliyoni ukuncedisa Kazakhstan ndiluqonda lweenkqubo zezoqoqosho yokulwa ukuhla elibukhali kwexabiso le-oyile kumazwe ngamazwe, nokuhla koqoqosho kumazwe angabamelwane. Kwicandelo amandla, ukunikezelwa koncedo lobuchwephetshe xa kubhalwa yotshintsho ubushushu wesithili zothungelwano.

Ukususela ekuqaleni zentsebenziswano, ADB iye ezivunyiweyo iiprojekthi ezintandathu kwicandelo labucala Kazakhstan ngenkxaso-mali epheleleyo kuzo $ 455,2 yezigidi. Ngo-2016, intsalela iyonke ematyaleni ezingamatyala imisebenzi kwicandelo labucala yaba $ 66,64 million. Kwelinye icala, Kazakhstan iye ukunikela ye Fund concessional Asia uphuhliso, imali $ 5,49 yezigidi ngo-2012.

Ukususela ku-1996, le nkqubo Asian Development Bank kwiindawo ezifana ezothutho, amandla, amanzi nogutyulo, imfundo kunye nezemali, zibe nempembelelo ebalulekileyo kubomi babantu e Uzbekistan. A ubudlelwane bokusebenza phakathi ADB kunye urhulumente ukuba ibhanki ngo-2009 ukuya kabini izibonelelo zalo kutyalwa kwiriphabliki. Umzekelo, inkqubo kwiimanyano ngetyala kuye kwanceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuqukuqela imali kakhulu kumakhaya amahlwempu kunye esezantsi ingeniso, kwakunye namashishini amancinci nasakhulayo. Bank ngokwawo uthungelwano nemibutho 100 ngetyala united amalungu 141.000, kunye $ 88 ezigidi iidiphozithi $ 107 ezigidi portfolio mboleko.

Women kwiindawo zasemaphandleni Uzbekistan wafumana imali kwaye kakuhle izakhono eziyimfuneko ukuze ukusekwa ngempumelelo namashishini ase-. Eli phulo uye wanceda abantu abangaphezu kwama-1000 amabhinqa ukuba wonge imali, kwaye ubuncinane 80% baye bavula ishishini labo kamva.

subtotals

Nangona ukuvela Asia njengoko injini kwezoqoqosho planethi, imeko yokwenene luyathandabuzeka. Nangona umsebenzi Asian Development Bank iye negalelo ekunciphiseni intlupheko kakhulu ngaphezu kwesiqingatha kwingingqi nangoku ekhaya abantu 1.2 billion abahlala $ 3 ngosuku, phantse 3/4 abantwana behlabathi ukuba - belula. abemi million 600 yakutya umbane, 1.7 lezigidi ukusebenzisa ucoceko luphucukile. ADB uya kwenza isixa elingu imisebenzi uphuhliso oluzinzileyo mimandla ezizezona zehlabathi.