Iindlela kunye nezixhobo jump elide kunye isiqalo ukubaleka. Standards Sihlahla elide

jump Long kufanele ibhekisa luhlobo umthambo acyclic. Ukuze uphumelele kulo mdlalo kufuna data kuphela-high speed elungileyo, kodwa ke uphuhliso iimpawu ngokwasemzimbeni. Ngoko ke, iimbaleki kufuneka ibe mide ezinobunzima iphantsi kakhulu.

Imbali kuphuhliso ukweqa elide

Ngokuba lixesha lokuqala kuye kwabonakala lo mdlalo Greece yamandulo. Waba yinxalenye engundoqo pentathlon. Umhla ngqo ingenzeka ayikwazanga kuba jump elide kunye nokusebenza ukuqala ku mbali lo Mqulu, kodwa kwakusazeka ukuba iimbaleki yamandulo enze yonke imithambo nge umthwalo ezandleni zakhe. Amaxesha amaninzi kuye a dumbbells ezincinane makeweight. Lihlala kwenziwa kumhlaba ozithukululeyo okanye esantini.

ukhuphiswano esemthethweni kulo mdlalo aqalisa ukuba wenziwe ngaxeshanye imbonakalo imidlalo yeembaleki. Kwaye kakade ngo 1860 yesi zaye zabandakanywa kwiprogram engundoqo sale tumente yonyaka kwiYunivesithi Oxford. Xa isiganeko kuqala yabhaliswa mali irekhodi ukuya 5,95 m. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, ukuba akukho mntu mpumelelo iye yakwazi ukuba ukubetha.
Nangona kunjalo, i Lane British kunye Tosuell - iimbaleki zokuqala umsebenzi, jump elide ladlula umbundu 6 m, omnye ngo-1868 basilela ukufikelela Ithagethi ka-6,40 m, kunye nezinye -. 7,05 m (1874). Iminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 yerekhodi Lane (7.05 m) yaba ngumzekelo ukuyilandela. Noko ke, ngo-1935, lo Diver edume American uDavide UThami wakwazi ukoyisa uphawu 8.13 m. Le ngxelo waze 1960, xa International Association of Athletics yadalwa. Ukususela ngelo xesha, zonke iziphumo neempumelelo ababhaliselwe ngokusemthethweni.

Njengoko kudidi yabafazi, umphathi werekhodi yokuqala yaba hitomi yaseJapan ngo-1928, sibalekela 5,98 m. Imitha-ezintandathu uphawu 1939, zoyiswe German Schulz (6.12 m).

jump Long: Iindlela

Kukho 3 iintlobo kwezixhobo Lomsebenzi ezisemgangathweni. Ezi ziindlela ngokutsiba elide isiqalo aphilileyo, njengoko "yadilika", "imilenze uzimisele" yaye "isikere". Ngamnye kubo kufuna izakhono ezizodwa kunye nobuchule moya.

I ilula ukufunda aze enze emi jump elide, imilenze onke. main ezincinane kwakhe - ekunciphiseni kwezihlunu amathanga njengotsaleko esisu. Ukuze benze oku, womdlali kufuneka ukuba ukugoba futhi kume ukuya njengomtyibilizi, isantya centrifugal. Housing isidingo ibheke kancinci ngomva. Kulo mzekelo, izandla zingeniswe kuqala phambili koko phezulu. Ngokunciphisa indlela yokubhabha uqalisa ngokwamaqela. Amadolo kufuneka iphakama kunye umzantsi womlenze ilenga ngokukhululekileyo. Izindlu asondele, izandla zakhe ebelisiya phambili ukusuka phezulu, ngoko phantsi umva. Ngexesha imilenze ukufika kufuneka ngqo kwi emadolweni. Esisinda kule nqubo ukugcina imali eseleyo.

Indlela "Wavuma" ufuna uqeqesho elide, njengoko waba ngokutsha nzima kakhulu isizathu. Ngexesha esemoyeni, womdlali umele ayithobe imilenze flywheel uze akathi emva kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Izandla yenza isindululo setyhula ukusuka ezantsi ukuya phezulu. Kweli nqanaba, womdlali ubonakala agobe emzimbeni. Ngenxa ekusoluleni kwemisipha esiswini ibe lula ngokuvela iinyawo ngelixa kokufika. Flying esithathwini-endleleni, lo Oxhumayo enze lesiquluba eliphezulu phambili, nokolula amadolo. Icala elisezantsi kule ndlela kukuba embaleki abakwazi ukusebenzisa yonke imisebenzi yayo-high speed.

Iindlela ngasentla ukuba jump elide ukusuka ukuba le efana kakhulu. Noko ke, iintlobo zobuchule "isikere" libhekisela kumntu ngamnye kunye nodidi zinzima. Apha, ngexesha yembaleki moya kufuneka siqhubeke kwintshukumo yaso yendalo (ebalekayo emoyeni). Phantsi kwemithetho ye-Oxhumayo kufuneka benze ubuncinane 2.5 yitela. Ngeli senzo umzimba, ngaba besingamele kancinci ngomva. Izandla enza isindululo setyhula asynchronously iinyawo zabo ukulondoloza imali eseleyo. Ngokwamaqela kwendiza eqhelekileyo.

jump Long: Appliances

Eyona njongo iphambili yalo mdlalo likoyise umgama iphezulu tyaba ngexesha esemoyeni. Technique kufuna jump elide isakhiwo motion acyclic. Ukusebenza zoqeqesho ibangwa ithuba womdlali ukuphuhlisa isantya yakhe. Impumelelo ngokutsiba elide hayi nje ukukwazi ukuba isebenze ngokukhawuleza bayiqhube off ngamandla, kodwa ukukwazi ukuhamba ngokuchanekileyo ngexesha esemoyeni. Kuphela ngale ndlela kungenziwa kolu hlobo lweziphumo. Kubalulekile kwakhona buciko lokuhlala.

Iimbaleki badla ngokusebenzisa iindlela nokuxhuma ezifana 'yadilika "yaye" isikere ". Isizathu sokuba ukusebenzisa kwabo ukusebenza liphezulu ibhabha. Technique elide ukutsibela nayiphi na kwezi ndlela kufuna inqanaba eliphezulu ubuchule nesantya namandla amakhulu neempawu. Enye into ebalulekileyo inkqubo nolungelelaniso ephuhliswe kakuhle.

Kumaziko emfundo basebenzisa indlela elula ukusebenzisa "ukugoba imilenze yakhe." jump Long, apho ukufunda ubuchule ayifuni kufuna ixesha elininzi kunye nezakhono ezizodwa, kulula kakhulu ukuba enze nokuba eselula (iminyaka 9-10). Kwi utitshala physical education kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo wabaqalayo kwi ubuchule yokubhabha kunye namaqela. Kungenjalo, amathuba yokwenzakala.

Isigaba owenza jump ezinde yahlulwe kwizigaba eziliqela. Ekuqaleni wenza mbaleki kunye isizathu, ilandelwe yi-moya. Inyathelo lokugqibela yayiza kuba indiza.

Indlela yokwenza ngokubaleka

Isalathisi iphambili yalo msebenzi isantya. Indlela ngokukhawuleza saa yembaleki kuxhomekeke iintlobo moya wayo, into ke leyo ebe sisiphumo lokugqibela. Umgama ukuya isithuba size inani amanyathelo athathiweyo ngamnye ekhetha wabadlali. Oku iimpawu ngamnye, ezo zisekelwe ubunjalo bomzimba Oxhumayo.

Iimbaleki ngexesha run-ukuya kumgama oziimitha ezi-50 yenza malunga 22-24 amanyathelo. Kwabasetyhini, umgama ukusuka loqalo lwencopho ukuya isizathu zephetshana ilingana m-40. Lo mgama koyisa amanyathelo 20-22. In gaba manqindi engahlawulwayo (umz; ngokwasemzimbeni) siphinda- ukuqala m isuka 20. Kulo mzekelo, isixa amanyathelo athathiweyo akuxhomekekanga kuthathelwa ingqalelo.

Ukundiza ngokuqhelekileyo uwahlule ube zahlulo zithathu: kwasekuqaleni, unikezelo nokulungiselela alwe. Inyathelo lokuqala inokuba ukubeka okanye indlela. Qala run-up ngakumbi ubeka isantya ngamandla ngokutsiba, ngoko ke kufuneka igxininiswe. Ukusuka ukuma ekuqaleni mbaleki uqala ihamba ngophawu oluthile, ebeka phambili unyawo enye phambi kwakhe, kunye nezinye - back-to-toe. Apha, i ezincinane ebalulekileyo siye. Xa uhambisa umzimba emva naphambili yembaleki ngabom ukuxuba iziko womxhuzulane, ukumisela i ibhalansi kangangoko. Qala le ndlela ifuna uqhagamshelwano nge unyawo ethile breakpoint, uze emva koko iqala ingqalelo imigaqo eyamkelekileyo run. Ngeqondo iseti imilenze neengalo awo kufuneka ibe ebanzi. Kubalulekile ukuba kwithambeka umzimba kufika kumgomo we 80. Ekupheleni kukukhawuleziswa umzimba kufuneka athathe indawo nkqo. Ngexesha run-up ukuthutha kufuneka ibe ngqongqo kumgca othe tye, ukuze kamva wena ungaba push ekhululekile kwaye onamandla kwingoma. In nje amanyathelo ezimbalwa phambi kokuqalisa izinga tsiba of lunikezelo kufuneka esiphezulu. Ngeli xesha, amagxa kufuneka itsheke umva kwaye isinqe kukuba lukhulu ukuqhubekela phambili.

Indlela ukwenza uqalo

jump nqubo ku ubude kunye ukubaleka kuthetha kuphela unikezelo kunye moya, kodwa umfutho engundoqo nemiphumo emihle. Ngendlela echanelekileyo kunye neembaleki kakhulu tyhala angabikho kwingoma, kuya kuba Undoqo liphezulu kangaka. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba le nxalenye ye ngokutsiba ayikho enye push amaqatha.

Enyanisweni, isizathu iqala ukubeka unyawo kwi uphawu okhethekileyo wezwe. Kweli nqanaba, unyawo isekelwe phezu arch elingaphandle, nangona abanye abadlali baye nokuxhasa iziko womxhuzulane ngqo isithende ukuya toe. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, iinyawo sehla phambili kufuneka ibe phakathi cm-2 ukuya ku-5.

isizathu Optimal kwi jump elide ifunyanwa yi kwindawo ekhethekileyo yonyawo. umlenze ukubaleka kufuneka maxa ngama 70 waguqa kancinci kwi kwamadolo. Beginners azilukhuthazi kwimeko enjalo, kuba kwemilenze ayikenziwa aphuhliswe ngokwaneleyo kwaye umakad 'inokuba agxadazele, ngamanye amazwi, abakwazi ukumelana imikhosi basabela njani inkxaso, nto leyo echaphazela imilenze yakhe nomzimba. Emva akhula zokuqala ukusuka kumphezulu inyonga nedolo amalungu unbend. Ngeli xesha, umlenze centrifugal bazisa phambili phezulu, evuleke ngokupheleleyo. Lo mzuzu uphawulwe yi igagasi elibukhali kwi umthwalo esihlunwini kunye nenkqubo inertia zemoto. Le meko lweembaleki kuthiwa nkqo. Ngexesha isizathu kuyimfuneko ukwenza izandla izandla. Oku kuya kwandisa kwisiphumo amandla.

Injongosenzi kukuzuza ezinintsi isizathu nkqo ukuhamba Isantya intshukumo tye (isuka). I msinyane sesona sisombululo, kokukhona ukuphakama ngokutsiba. I angle ngokufanelekileyo sokuhamba degrees 22. Ababeqala ukuba naliphi na iqumrhu kuphambuka, kodwa kuphela esqwini yeentshukumo.

Isixhobo echanekileyo flight

Emva phase isizathu ukusuka kwingoma ukuya yembaleki iqala esisinda - intshukumo emoyeni. Flying le kunzima ukwenza le nto. jump nqubo ku ubude kunye nokubaleka kufuna nje ulondolozo lizama kunye indawo eyiyo umzimba, kodwa ukudala iimeko kangangoko ukuba touchdown.

Range nokugqwesa yeflayithi baxhomekeke ngqo ngendlela womdlali ayegqatse. Abameli intle ngesantya zemidlalo kufikelela ukuya kwi-10 m / s. Ukuphakama zokuphatha iphezulu yi-60 cm ngexesha andize umlenze mazibalekele phi azive emva kwezindlu kunye flywheel -. Yiba baphikele kwinqanaba tye. Le nqubo ngokutsiba elide isiqalo ukubaleka lisetyenziswa nangayiphi na indlela, nkqu "isikere". Housing kulo mzekelo kufuneka kancinci itsheke phambili. Omakhwapheni kufuneka maxa zithunyelwa ecaleni ezimanyeneyo intshukumo kumacala ahlukeneyo.

isigaba moya kuxhomekeke indlela ekwenzeni jump. Njengoko kuba Inqanaba lokugqibela, isiqu kunye omzimba kwimbaleki kufuneka athathe isikhundla esikhethekileyo - ngokwamaqela. Umzuzwana phambi kokufika ngeenyawo zombini kufuneka ayinakolulwa iplagi phambili, kufana kumphezulu tye. Izandla kufuneka enze isindululo setyhula ukuze kubekho ulungelelwano, ngoko ke kufuneka uthabathe kakhulu umva.

Indlela ewela

Ukulungiselela le sigaba jump iqala ngalo mzuzu xa umendo flight ziya kuqala ukuhla. Kweli nqanaba, kubalulekile ukuba yimbumba kakuhle. Ukuze siphumelele, kufuneka ubambe imilenze ngendlela eyenza ukuba nayiphi lwabo longitudinal ngezantsi iengile ubuninzi abukhali kumphezulu tye. tsiba nqubo ku ubude ukubaleka kukwaquka qhagamshelana olufanelekileyo kunye kwindawo touchdown. Kubalulekile ukuba anyamekele nokugcinwa kwesigaba yokubhabha. Ukuze wenze oku, ndiwuthukulule ngomlenze omnye ecaleni apho kushenxa kuliwa, yaye lo mzuzu adibane kumphezulu drill yomzimba. Ulondolozo lwenziwa nge ngasemva (ngasemva), nto zombini nomlenze kunye nengalo phambili. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba nokuphelisa ngaphambi umzimba kwimeko enjalo kungakhokelela ukwehlisa imilenze, kunye nokudibana lingekafiki komhlaba.

imithetho esemthethweni

Iziphumo galo ubude obambisene axis ngqo nkqo ukuya bar, ukususela isizathu selayini kunye nesiphelo umkhondo mbaleki (nayiphi na ilungu lomzimba). Uphume emigodini kuvunyelwa kuphela kwicala okanye phambili.

Imigaqo ngokutsiba elide alivale yoko, ukuba imbaleki ngelixa ukuzityhala off ukuba abathethelele umgca eyayingqalene bar. Kwakhona, iitotali musa ukubala, ukuba imbaleki sele kungekhona ngaphakathi iqula okanye isigaba moya washiya uphawu udongwe. I touch lokuqala kwentlabathi iya kubalwa njengabaneziphumo eliphakathi. Ukongeza, imithetho jump elide kugqiba inani amaxesha imbaleki angenza ukukhangela yokugqibela (best) isibonisi yayo. Inani ekuthiwa amaxesha amathuba ezinqongopheleyo 6. Ngaphandle iziganeko, ebandakanya iimbaleki ezingaphezu kwe-8. Kulo mzekelo, oko uqhuba ngeenxa ukungenela amalinge 3 umakad nganye. Ekupheleni 8 ibekwe kunye nokusebenza kakuhle labadlali.

imilinganiselo eyamkelekileyo ngokubanzi

Bezobuchwepheshe kunye iintlobo engahlawulwayo imilinganiselo abahluke. Nemigangatho jump elide amakhwenkwe ukusuka kwiminyaka 9 ukuya kwi-10 phakathi kuka 1,90 ukuya 2,90 m. Amantombazana kule iimpawu ubudala kufuneka sibe uluhlu 1,90 ukuya 2,60 m. To iminyaka 15 emakhwenkweni 3,30-3,90 m nanjengokwesimo, kunye namantombazana - 2.80-3.30 m.

Wokuqhuba semi-professional (eyi-18) izikhombisi kufuneka ibe aphezulu kakhulu. Nemigangatho jump elide ukusuka andize amadoda aphakathi 3,80 ukuya 4.40 m. Kwabasetyhini, umphumo lokugqibela kufuneka sibe uluhlu 3.10 ukuya 3,60 m.

Ukuze ufumane isihloko "Umviwa Master of Imidlalo" Jumpers kufuneka kugqithiswe yokusebenza engahlawulwayo phantse kabini. Kuba izinga MMR ngu 7.20 m. Yona "Master of Imidlalo", imida apha ovumelekileyo iqala 7,60 m. Status MSIC kuyafikelelwa ngenxa yoqeqesho olunzima elide. KwiSithethe "Master of Imidlalo icandelo ngamazwe" ngu 8.00 m.

amarekhodi umhlaba

Ngokutsho inani iimbaleki ngomsebenzi ogqwesileyo kulo mdlalo ulahlekisa US eziqhitsini. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ingxelo yehlabathi (ngokutsiba elide isiqalo abalekayo) bobabo American Mike Powell. Lobuntshatsheli evulekileyo eTokyo ngehlobo lowe-1991, womdlali wakwazi ukoyisa uphawu 8,95 m. A irekhodi efanayo kwabasetyhini bobabo Jumpers Soviet Galina Chistyakov. NgoJuni 1988, waya kufika nomfuziselo 7.52 m.

Irekhodi lomhlaba ingundoqo (ngokutsiba elide kunye isiqalo ukubaleka) kwinani kweziphumo kakhulu bobabo the American Ralph Boston. Ukususela ngowe-1960 ukuya 1965, wakwazi amaxesha 6 ngaphezulu kunabanye abantu yaye uziphathe ngendlela aziphethe zabo eliphezulu. Kuphela umdlali eSoviet ngubani enokuba ngomlo eMerika Igor Ter-Hovhannisyan. Waye Intshatsheli kabini 1962 (e Yerevan) kwaye ngo-1965 (eMexico City).