Apho kwimephu emlanjeni Sukhona? eliqukuqela phi nalapho Sukhona uwe?

Umlambo kwelikhulu mde kummandla Vologda yi Sukhona. Oku - ingxenye engundoqo lokuhamba kwamanzi phantsi igama Northern Dvina. River Sukhona, imifanekiso leyo ziboniswa ngezantsi, kukho ubude 558 km, indawo yayo ichibi ingaphezulu 50 amawaka square. km. Igama layo livela elithi "suhodna", gama elo elithetha "ndiwatshise phantsi". Qala kuthatha kusuka Kubensky chibi, kukho yahlulahlulwe 2 sleeve: Big Puchkas kunye Sukhona. Eyona iphambili kukuba ngenxa yezizathu zendalo, litshintsha lwayo sokuqukuqela emthonjeni. R. Sukhona ibe nobunzulu 100 m. Ubukho wezixa ezincinane bamasango kunye iziqithi enamatye.

ezindawo

River Sukhona Vologda mmandla, ndisolulela phantse 560 km, aqukuqela ukuya ngasemazantsi-mpuma kufikelela yayo ephezulu, ngoko ujikeleze usinge entla kwaye idibanisa kunye River South. Pool kuquka ngaphezu amakhulu imilambo-4 kunye nemisinga 6 amawaka. Kukho kwakhona amachibi, kodwa uninzi lwazo ezincinane kakhulu, indawo apho ayifiki idlula 0.4 km. Le ndawo emvula kunokubonwa ekutyaleni ashinyeneyo lwamahlathi, leyo abahlala malunga ne-70% isithuba iyonke. Kukho kwakhona banzi. Stoke Kubensky chibi, apho umlambo kuphuma Sukhona, lilawulwa wakha kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo edamini.

A incinane

Sukhona coast Kwasetyenziswa kwinkulungwane V BC. beza abantu Russian kulo mhlaba kamva, ngenkulungwane XI. Ayajika ngokusebenzisa kumbindi eRashiya kunye Arkhangelsk, leyo ukuba ukuthutha ukusuka kwindawo enye ukuya kwenye, izinto ezahlukeneyo. Nangona nje kwemithambo ibalulekileyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukuphuhlisa shishino kunye norhwebo. umsebenzi bamanzi ukuphucula iimeko inqanawa, abaphandi bafumanisa, apho Sukhona aqukuqela: eMntla Dvina. Ezo nkcukacha uvumelekile ukuba ukwandisa umthamo wayo izithuthi.

Ngenkulungwane XIX, iindawo ezahlukeneyo umlambo babizwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, umgama ukusuka kwelo chibi ke Vologda Kubensky ebizwa Rabangoy (igama yavela emva ukwakhiwa woonongendi phezu lomlanjana Rabangskogo) ukusuka Vologda ukuya Dvinitsa River - Lower Sukhona emva Dvinitsa River - Great Sukhona.

ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo

Ngenxa inkqubo umlambo Northern Dvina Sukhona onxulumene iVolga. On nommandla wayo, kuba iinqanawa, kodwa ehlotyeni intshukumo beempahla elinganeno ngenxa yokunqongophala kwamanzi, ingakumbi kwimimandla esezantsi. Ukususela ngo-1990, umkhweli nyelwe wayeka njengoko kubiza imali eninzi kwaye zoshishino lutho. Ngelo xesha ngenxa yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, abanye ingcole iindawo emlanjeni phenol, ngoko usele amanzi empompini ezitokisini. isimo esinjalo eziphilayo legalelo obhobhozayo engalunganga kwindawo ezingqongileyo.

kummandla River Sukhona Vologda ekhoyo okwangoku kwemithambo kakhulu ebalulekileyo lizwe, nangona, kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi (ukwandiswa kukuqiniswa itshaneli) akwenziwanga.

zamanzi

Alawule likhephu-wondleke yi. Ukusukela ngo-Epreli, uMkhukula luqala, nto leyo esisizathu sokuba ichitheke enkulu (ukuya iikhilomitha eziliqela) eqalisiweyo efikelela kuyo. Sukhona umfula eqina ngoNovemba-kaDisemba, yaye wavula kuphela ukuya ngoMeyi.

Yahlulahlulwe yaba trends ezintathu:

• I eliphezulu (ukuba umlomo). Kulawulwa flow ngokuthe ngcembe. Ububanzi Umfula ayidluli m-200. Xa kwiindonga amahlathi kunye emathafeni ezikhona.

• Ukuthini (ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya Tot'ma). Kuba ekhawulezayo, xakeka nangakumbi. Wood uba kufutshane umlambo zolwelo. Ubunzulu yi-100 m, ububanzi yejelo -. 240 m kwindawo enye, kukho ukufuna ezininzi.

• Le elisezantsi (ngezantsi Tot'ma). Forest ngokupheleleyo liphuma emanzini. For speed ezahlukeneyo. Ububanzi lomlambo kwezinye iindawo ukuya kwi-400 m. Nemisele ukuba zazibonakala ngaphambili, sigqunywa ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi.

jikelele silwane

Sukhona River ineendidi iintlanzi 58, kuquka iintlobo 3 lampreys. Zihanjiswe kulandelayo:

• Putin - lengca, ndiyinyibilikise;
• izibambiso - whitefish, whitefish;
• krupnochastikovye - iphezulu, bream.

Apha uphile izilwanyana ezinqabileyo kakhulu kwaye ezikhuselweyo zasemanzini: nelmushka, trout, salmon, Intlanzi, ichibi Isakare.

Izilwanyana amahlathi, ezo zimi kunxweme lomlambo Sukhona, nto zahlukile kakhulu. Kukho iindwendwe rhoqo iimpungutye, iielk, iihagu zasendle, imivundla, iingcuka, neebhere. Kancinane ngaphantsi kunokwenzeka ukuhlangabezana ingqawa, marten, otter, ngoboya, racoon, nolovane, weasel. Bathi indlwane kula amarhanisi iindawo, amadada, ingafunyanwa nayo icula, nesakhwatsha kunye icula.

umhlaba emifuno

Lo mmandla emelene nendawo emlanjeni yahlulwe zenyathi ezimbini: Forest and South Forest. 70% yommandla ehlanganiswa amahlathi, ingakumbi ucoce. In kummandla wasempumalanga inokufumaneka ngemisipres, larch, pine. Emzantsi-ntshona intshula kuphela amahlathi ngcu ulele, loo izityalo ezincinane kubangelwa kumhlaba engazaliyo. Apha emzantsi - uthuthu entabeni kunye Linden. Zineyona kungenzeka ukuba kwenzeke imithi nespruce Aspen kunye namahlathi ezinde ukuba Faka elinwabileyo. Imigxobhozo abahlala 10% yendawo epheleleyo. Apha ungabona nomgalagala ndawonye, nenomlanga, ezinde. 14% ezi amadlelo kunye umhlaba olimekayo. Amadlelo akhawunti ye% 7 kuphela. Kugcwele zengca, sedges kunye vlazhnotravnye kokwehla. Ngokutsho Sukhona Valley sikhule krupnoosokovye kunye nehlathi tallgrass.

Gcina umkhondo zonke ukuhamba kwamanzi ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kumthombo wayo emlonyeni wayo kusenokwenzeka, ngokuba kwimephu umlambo Sukhona zibonakale kakuhle kakhulu. Umzekelo, kuloo mmandla ukusuka Kubensky chibi ke kwilali Shuya emi ihlathi ezinde, nto leyo maxa wambi ukukhula Aspen, nespruce kunye alder. wandiyeka ngamandla ngezizathu zendalo ukusuka elunxwemeni, ngoku ukusuka basike ububanzi. Ukusuka p. Shumsky Tot'ma phambi kokuba kufakwe amahlathi. Lo mlambo ke, ukwenza ithuba ukuya emantla, ekushenxeni kude kuye kwakhona. Kufuphi emdeni umthi efanelekileyo kuphela kufutshane ekungeneni Tolshma River. Kwindawo apho umlambo uza emlonyeni, indawo yayo ithathwe kwiibhanki exandekeni.

iimeko eziphilayo

Okwangoku, Sukhona wayengonwabanga imeko esingqongileyo. Okungenani iqulethe lignosulfonates, okuqulathwe oluthe lwagqitha izihlandlo ezingama-30. Abaphandi ingxelo ukuba umlambo yonke imihla ifumana 180 lamawaka. ^M-3 amanzi kwimizi kunye nendlu equlethe izinto eziphilayo. Okwangoku, ngenxa ukungathotyelwa kunye nemigangatho umgangatho wamanzi, nto isuka Sukhona ihleli kwinqanaba elisezantsi, ngoxa kwezinye iindawo, oku urhulumente lifikelele ingongoma ebalulekileyo. On kweendonga zayo kuye kwakhiwa inani irekhodi zityalo, nto leyo echaphazela ngokungalunganga imeko amanzi. Inyaniso yokuba ngo-2006, phantsi ugrogriso izikhukula ngenxa kummandla snowmelt kakhulu kusongela intlekele eziphilayo uthetha ukuba ngokwayo.

Ngasechwebeni Sukhona ezixabisa isixeko esikhulu kwaye yokuzalwa Santa Claus - Great Ustyug. Apha kukho isixa esikhulu izinto okuluphawu isixeko Russian; ke uThixo amajukujuku, ntambo, indlu, neentsimbi. Ukongeza, le lali phezu komlambo wakha Sokol kunye Totma.

Ngaphambili, ukuhamba kwamanzi kubalulekile ukuba urhulumente, njengoko oko kungqinwa igama emva kwakhe isitalato Sukhonsky, nto leyo ibekwe kwenye kwizithili eMoscow. Ngelishwa, ukuhamba kwamanzi kwaphela malunga noku kwaye imeko yakhe yayisiba suku ngalunye.