Inkqubo currency Jamaica

Ihlabathi namhlanje isebenza yaseHungari inkqubo currency, apho izivumelwano zatyikitywa e Jamaica e Kingston ekuqaleni 1976. intshayelelo yayo ishiyelwa ngokupheleleyo umgaqo asemgangathweni yegolide kwaye lwenza floatation (ukuqubha) iirhafu simahla. Indlela of interstate kunye nempembelelo kazwelonke ukuyilwa weerhafu exchange angaphandle sele kancinane kakhulu. Le nkqubo isekelwe kwiinkqubo lwemali kumazwe ngamnye (kubandakanywa i-US) - oko lusekelwe kwimigaqo esemthethweni ye inter-karhulumente.

Ukwamkelwa kwenkqubo entsha ye rates exchange na prehistory yayo. Xa amahlanu emva kwexesha kunye gqira yokuqala yenkulungwane XX ukuba eUnited States, ixesha xa ngakumbi yohlengahlengiso lwentlawulo ukufumanisa ukuba ibe mibi, imali dollar zonyuke zodlula kwemida yeli, njengoko zolondolozo negolide ziye mazingabhangi. I-United States, ngokutsho izivumelwano eBretton Woods, kuye kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukukhawulelana nemfuno ekhulayo yokubakho yeebhanki igolide ngundoqo kwamanye amazwe. Xa ucinga ukuba zegolide United States kwanyanzeleka ukuba athengise ngexabiso eliqingqiweyo $ 35 ounce nganye, kuyacaca ukuba oku ngokuthe ngcembe kukhokelele ukujongelwa phantsi reserve yegolide.

Ukupheliswa umgangatho yegolide, eqalwe ngo-1971 waba Richard Nixon, kwaye ukufaka ukuhla kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwi kwexabiso (ngokulinganisa) lwemali nxamnye idola kwi uluhlu 2.25% kwaphumela hexa ebalulekileyo iimarike exchange angaphandle. Inkqubo eBretton Woods akazange akwazi ukugcina nokwandisa oku lokuphumla ku 4.5%, yaye ngowe-1972, entwasahlobo, iUnited States wabhengeza pesenti ukwehla 10 nganye dollar.

Japan ekuqaleni 1973 yazise edada izinga imali wesizwe, kodwa ethile wakwenza kwaba kanye EU ngenyanga. Ngoko ke, i "ezidadayo" ngeranti nkqubo ukususela ngoku ngokungekho baba nakolu, kangangokuba ukwanda hexa iintlobo zemali zehlabathi.

inkqubo currency Jamaica Walimisa sisiqalo esemthethweni oscillations simahla kweerhafu exchange. Ukususela ngo-1978, wangena ukusebenza ngomhla charter oluhlaziyiweyo i-IMF, evumela ilungu ithi lula ngamaqhinga, ngokukodwa:

• amalungu fund ayichatshazelwa nokusekwa parities lwemali kunye nelungelo lokusebenzisa i "ezidadayo" ngerandi umbuso;
• exchange kwimarike phakathi iimali ukuseta zixatyiswe inokwahluka ngaphakathi uluhlu 4.5% kulo;
• amazwe wayekhetha ukulungisa ubo ukuba imali yayo, ungaya kwi 'ezidadayo' ulawulo izinga lotshintshiselwano uma oyifunayo.

Ngenxa yoko, inkqubo imali Jamaica iye yanika amalungu IMF ukuba akhethe:

• set "ezidadayo" ngerandi lwemali;
• unayo okanye ukugcina iyunithi eliqingqiweyo akhawunti zeIMF e SDR (amalungelo umzobo ezizodwa), ngenxa kwintshayelelo "standard yegolide", okanye ezinye iiyunithi ze-akhawunti kunokwenzeka;
• iseke Umlinganiselo esiluqilima imali yayo (bophelela) kwezinye iimali: omnye okanye ngaphezulu.

Kodwa ithuba ukubekwa iimali ngokwemiqathango kwegolide yakhutshwa ngokupheleleyo.

Phakathi amazwe nge "ezidadayo" amazinga otshintshiselwano, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele eUnited States, eKhanada, eSwitzerland, eJapan, Greece, Sirayeli, i-UK kunye nabanye abaninzi. Lidla iiBhanki ezingoovimba kula mazwe, kunye ukuhla ezibukhali Usabambelele amazinga otshintshiselwano. Kungenxa yoko le nto "ezidadayo" amazinga otshintshiselwano obizwa ngokuba "ezilawulwa" okanye "ezimdaka." Ngokubanzi, amazinga exchange kumazwe aphuhlileyo neqela okanye "ukuqubha" nyulu.

Kukwakho lwemfundo currency yengingqi, ezifana ne-EMU, leyo lalibhekisela kwi elitsha iyunithi ubalo ECU ngokusekelwe nengobozi iimali emazweni abayingxenye kwisivumelwano. Ngo-1999, i-ECU indawo yi-Euro.

Kodwa inkqubo currency Jamaica na imfuneko efunekayo ukuphucula indlela lwemali jikelele, yenye yemithombo kozinzo anoqoqosho zesizwe kunye nehlabathi ngakumbi oguqukayo.