Imithetho Budget - it ... Undoqo imithetho karhulumente

Ngexesha zokwamkelwa inkcitho kunye nengeniso izinto karhulumente 2013 kunye nexesha okucwangcisa 2014-2015. ngenkuthalo yaxoxa imithetho ekuthiwa-mali. Yaba inkqubo ixesha elide ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe oli negesi ezingenayo. Imfuneko kuba ngenxa ukuxhomekeka ophezulu ingeniso evela kwimithombo.

Undoqo imithetho karhulumente

-Logic ukuqaliswa nkqubo iza kuxhomekeka kukuba umthamo izibophelelo ezikhoyo zikarhulumente, iindleko, kunye neeprojekthi investment zexesha elide yaba ngaphantsi kwe kwiminyaka edlulileyo, ukuba ebotshelelwe ixabiso yangoku zeoli. Uhlahlo Imithetho - it okunene phambili isivumelwano izithintelo zemali ejoliswe sigcine arhente ezenza ukuba nokungazinzi kwamaxabiso.

Ukuhlobana umbuzo

In Russia kukho imithetho ezahlukeneyo lwabiwo mali. Oku, umzekelo, ubukhulu yeerhafu kweentlobo ezithile iirhafu. Bona umiselwe kwiingingqi kunye noomasipala. amaxabiso umda ematyaleni khona, Intsilelo karhulumente, njalo-njalo. imithetho mali New malunga namaxabiso ioli 2012 yabangela eninzi ingxoxo. Isibakala sokuba imali karhulumente ukuxhomekeka ngamandla ngokwaneleyo kwaye kuyingozi kwi-oyile negesi yengeniso. Ukwamkelwa umyalelo omtsha ithathwa isigqibo yimbalasane inkqubo Russian zemali kunye noqoqosho jikelele. imithetho Budget - indlela ngawo Kucingelwa yonyaka ukuphelisa ukungaqiniseki apho izigqibo badla lesiphoso eza ubungakanani amaxabiso yeoli kunyaka ozayo. Imfuneko yokuba inkqubo ngenxa yokuba iingeniso isiqingatha ngxowa-mali federal zixhomekeke ixabiso izinto ekrwada.

Okukodwa

Kuba 2013-sikhokelo -nkqubo yezemali kunye nexesha okucwangcisa kule minyaka mibini izayo iinjongo zeqhinga avuliweyo. Baye kwenziwa ummiselo kuMongameli, Umfanekiso ixesha elide uphuhliso lwezentlalo noqoqosho lweli lizwe ukuya ku th-2020. Ukongeza, isiseko waba amalungiselelo eziphambili ezibekwe Umyalezo lweBhajethi kaMongameli. Kwacetywa ukuba kwiminyaka 2013-2015-. imisebenzi ye-lwentlalo noqoqosho yophuhliso kuza kuqwalaselwa ngokwemiqathango ephambili ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kuqoqosho, uzinzo kunye nokulungelelana ixesha elide kwiinkqubo zezimali. Obekumele ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka iimeko zangaphandle.

Iinjongo eziphambili

Imisebenzi ephambili ekufuneka isonjululwe kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithetho lwabiwo mali, zezi:

1. Ukomeleza uzinzo kwisikeyile esikhulu sezoqoqosho nokugcineka yenkqubo yemali.
2. Ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso kwa kwelixesha kude kube 2030 kuqala.
3. Ukubeka parameters ngokwendlela apho uphuhliso kuba inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi.
4. Ukudala iimeko ubonelelo ngeenkonzo zikarhulumente ezisemgangathweni kubemi.
5. Ukucwangcisa nokuphunyezwa kwisigaba entsha yophuhliso leendibano koorhulumente karhulumente.
6. Ukubonelela iimeko ukulungiswa kunye nokuphunyezwa koMthetho Federal lwabiwo-mali ukulungiselela 2014-2016 biennium. ngendlela software.
7. Ukuphucula i-Operation izibophelelo karhulumente nee-asethi ye-Russian Federation.
8. Ukuqinisekisa ngokuphandle kunye elubala inkqubo mali.

iimpawu Jikelele nemiqathango

Ukomeleza uzinzo kwisikeyile esikhulu sezoqoqosho uzinzo kwezemali imithetho imithetho kwezemali. Oku kuya kuvumela:

• Nciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwenkqubo phezu hexa ka kwamaxabiso ombane kwimarike yehlabathi.
• Yandisa ngokuchaneka nolwemozulu ekuhambeni kwexesha.
• Ukwenza kubekho umthamo ofunekayo mali azimeleyo eRashiya.

Ukwamkelwa imithetho benze isiphakamiso mali ibandakanya yabele -mali eza kugcinwa oyile negesi kwemali eyintsalela ngokwandisa iindleko isiseko izinto ekrwada. iindlela Focus kwacetyiswa ukuba enze phambi kokuba afike umlinganiselo ibhanile-7% ye-GDP. Ukuba iindleko eliqikelelweyo yeoli ayiyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe kwisiseko, ngoko ukugubungela intsilelo mali, ezenzeka ngenxa ekunciphiseni yengeniso, ziya kwenziwa ukususela mali contingency. Xa ifika isixa ixabiso olumisiweyo kunye isixa-mali sengeniso eyongezelelweyo esuka kushishino oyile negesi kwi enguMongami Wealth Fund. Ezinye zezi mali ezisetyenzisiweyo ukuze sizokubanakho ukuhlawula iinkqubo zezibonelelo kunye nezinye eziphambili musa ukuba izibophelelo RF.

Iimpawu aziwe

imithetho ibhajethi ukulungiselela eziliqela amalungiselelo ayikokubambana ngendlela. Ngokukodwa:

1. akufuneki ibe kwendleko ebekiwe kwemali federal ngaphezu mali yengeniso ngeendleko esisiseko kwe-1% ye-GDP.
2. ngeke ibe ngaphantsi kwe uMthetho Federal ezivunyiweyo ngenxa efanelekileyo isalathisi mali Imali iyonke kwenkcitho ecetyelwe kunyaka-mali. Ukuba akukho kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngokuqhelekileyo yamkela ilahleko.
3. Inkcitho volume ezicwangcisiweyo iyonke kunyaka wokuqala ngaphandle yeyexesha elizayo kwemiqathango evunyiweyo ixabiso iindleko 2.5% kuwo ayikwazi ibe ngaphantsi kwixesha FZ engqinelanayo ezivunyiweyo.

indlela isenzo

Ukuba avareji ixabiso le-oyile ngonyaka kule minyaka mi-3 igqithileyo, kuquka lowo lwangoku, samiselwa kwinqanaba ukuba ayidluli ixabiso lesakhelo, ukuyilwa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali lokugqibela ibalwa ukusuka ixabiso avareji ixesha elithile leminyaka emithathu. Abaxhamla kule nkqubo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba ukhuselo wabumba ixabiso basic kusenokwenzeka uxinzelelo (zombini ngexesha sinjalo Fund). Ibhalansi ye-Reserve Fund ekupheleni kuka-2008 yaba kwi-9.8% se-GDP, ekupheleni konyaka ozayo - 4.7%, 2010 - 1.7%. Iindleko kuyo ngo-2009 malunga 3 ezigidi engange. Ngeli xesha lonke ubukho Reserve Fund waphawula ukuhla olubonakalayo ipesenti GDP ngokoMthetho ntlekele lokugqibela. Ngelo xesha kwakukho kakhulu ukuhla elide kwamaxabiso ioli kuthelekiswa neminyaka edlulileyo kweli lizwe aziphethe ngayo.

Rhoxisa ulawulo lwemali karhulumente

Iqela leengcaphephe wakhetha ukulahlwa lwenkqubo eyamkelweyo. Le ngxoxo ukubeka phambili kwinkolelo yokuba ukwanda kumda sentsilelo yoqingqo-mali yale excess aya kuchithwa utyalo-mali kuqoqosho. Ngokutsho uPhuhliso lwezoQoqosho, kuya kuba kakhulu kuphuculwa izinga lokukhula kwi tsiba ngo-2015 intsilelo-1% ukuya 1.5 GDP (400 bln.). Lo mzobo 2014 ngaphandle imithetho bekuya kuba 1.1% endaweni ye 0.5% uqikelelo. Kwaqaliswa ngaphandle indlela kunefuthe elibi hayi kuphela kuphuhliso utyalo-mali loqoqosho lwesizwe, kodwa kwi ukuyilwa kwisigaba zentlalo karhulumente. Abanye abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuba ukudluliswa kwendalo ngokwemigaqo yezimali (nokwanda kwemali kwi kwamatyala angaphandle iphepha kwi mali azimeleyo) ayikho kangangoko. Iindleko ukwenzela uphuhliso lwezibonelelo yayo, imali kwizibonelelo lemveliso (ukuyilwa loovimba material) yenze inkqubo loqoqosho lwesizwe ezahlukeneyo.

Ngamaxesha obunzima, ngokutsho kwezinye iingcali, ukuphucula kwaye enze iyantluko inkqubo yabo ngokwezoqoqosho ibaluleke ngaphezu yetyala langaphandle kwaye zifuna izibonelelo ezimbalwa kakhulu ukugcina.

Iimpikiswano kwicala le program

Njengoko omnye ezincedayo umthetho karhulumente egameni ukulungela imakethi oyile elide amaxabiso eziwayo. Le program kufuneka avumele ukuba ukunyenyisa ngokuzenzekelayo-nkqubo yezemali kwisithuba wokuhla okanye ukunyuka kade kwamaxabiso izinto ekrwada. Enye yeenjongo eziphambili ukuphunyezwa kwayo isebenza ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kuqoqosho, kunye nophengululo inokuba uphawu lokukhabayo ukuba abatyali-mali. Ekuqaleni upapasho lweenkqubo abaninzi baye bagqiba ukuba eyamkelweyo imithetho yangaphakathi amaziko mali. Nangona kunjalo, akukho nto kwinkqubo eqhelekileyo akanayo nazo.