Inkqubo ulwazi: imizekelo. iinkqubo ulwazi kunye nolwazi (science computer)

Imbali lonke uphuhliso ezenziwa ngabantu kuhlangene kunye nophuhliso zokwanda koovimba mali, ukhutshelo kwezindlela. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ubomi wonke umntu kunye noluntu luphela kufuneka ukugcinwa kweenkcukacha. Nkqu kumaxesha amandulo senze imfuneko wokulondoloza ulwazi ebantwini.

Kwimigomo Iinkcazelo

Ulwazi - inkcazelo malunga izinto zehlabathi, apho abakujonga ngayo abantu, izilwanyana, izityalo okanye isixhobo okhethekileyo.

Media - ke eliphakathi ebonakalayo apho okanye apho ulwazi ingalungiswa.

yempahla data - Ibhalwe izinto ezigcina lwangaphandle oluya yenzelwe zokugcina lwexesha elide kunye nokusetyenziswa isigxina. iimpawu eziphambili: volume, ukuthembeka, ixesha ufikelelo (kufuna ixesha imiyalezo kuyimfuneko), ukufumaneka yokhuseleko inkcazelo. Xa iimeko mihla zokulondolozwa izinto besebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo.

Computing - inzululwazi ye data kunye neenkqubo kwindalo kunye noluntu, iindlela kunye kuthetha ukuba ukwamkelwa, ukugcina, ukusetyenzwa, transmission, kunye nokusetyenziswa nokulawula inkqubo.

ubuchwepheshe Ulwazi - ngothotho lwezixhobo kunye neendlela zokuqokelela, ukwenziwa, ukugcina, ukwabelana kunye nokukhusela ulwazi.

Inkqubo ulwazi: imizekelo kwiinkqubo

Phawula oku kakuhle ngabo bonke inkqubo ngumntu, njengoko ithala leencwadi. Kuliwa ubuncinane ezine Inkqubo main ulwazi:

• yokugcina - iincwadi kunye nezinye izinto eziprintiweyo ise kumasango kwithala leencwadi;
• Ukufuna - xa umfundi iincwadi, welayibrari kufuneka afumane yakhe;
• Transfer - thaca kule data kwincwadi idluliselwe umfundi;
• Unyango - xa ithala leencwadi ifumana uncwadi entsha, iinkcukacha apho wangena kule weefayili; ukufunda, umfundi iinkqubo data, yaye kukho inkqubo ulwazi.

Imizekelo yeenkqubo ezifana sinako ukubona kwinkqubo yobugcisa, umzekelo, kwi inkqubo yonxibelelwano mobile. Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo yinkqubo yokusebenzisa i data apho ulwazi kufuneka kweenkqubo kunye namacandelo zabo.

inkqubo Ulwazi - izinto (kwimpahla yentsimbi, izixhobo zecomputer, data) ezisebenzisana omnye nomnye, ukunika abasebenzisi ngolwazi ayimfuneko njengoko omnye okanye enye inkqubo ulwazi. Imizekelo yokusetyenziswa iinkqubo zolwazi namhlanje zifumaneka kuyo yonke indawo, e mveliso, iibhanki kunye namaziko. Banceda ukugcina iirekhodi, ukunika ulwazi abasebenzi ukunika izixhobo nokusebenza mveliso (imigca zemveliso oluzenzekelayo, oomatshini njalo njalo. D.).

Ukufunda zokukwazi information technology

Kuba ndininike umzekelo umxholo 'iinkqubo Ulwazi kunye nolwazi "(le yokugqibela eziqulunqwayo ngokohlobo neemfuno ukuba ulwazi nezakhono zabafundi) ziya kuqwalaselwa.

Kufuneka abafundi bazi isigama information technology; igama nenjongo kweenkqubo software esisiseko.

Kwakhona, abafundi kufuneka bakwazi ukulungisa domain ingxaki izinto zayo, khetha kwaye chola phezulu (okanye ukuphuhlisa) iindlela zokusombulula le ngxaki kwindawo kwisifundo esithile.

Kuzo zonke izigaba zophuhliso zoluntu ezifana ubugcisa ezisetyenziswa kunxibelelwano phakathi kwabantu, zibonise kwinqanaba elifanelekileyo kwaye kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa ubhaliso, ukugcinwa, ukusetyenzwa ekudluliseleni data, ukuze ngalo ndlela kuveliswe inkqubo ulwazi.

Imizekelo yeengxaki kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha ukulungiselela uphuhliso zifundo:

• ukuqhelanisa abafundi kunye ingqikelelo information technology;
• ukwenza ingqikelelo ye technology iseti iindlela, izixhobo kunye iindlela ezisetyenziswa ukusombulula iingxaki kwisifundo esithile;
• bayazi ezingundoqo izakhono zokusebenza kunye ikhompyutha siqu;
• ukubonisa indima kunye nendawo information technology kuluntu lwanamhlanje.

Iindlela nengcaciso technology

ulwazi olusisiseko kwi sifundo zobuxhakaxhaka bolwazi - ngolwazi computer, iinkqubo zolwazi. Grade 8 kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo - ngumphakamo wokuqala ukufumana ezi zakhono. Nazi iingongoma eziphambili ndlela yokufumana ulwazi olunjalo.

1. Sebenzisa uhlelo information technology ukuze ukhethe isifundo kwezisombululo zeengxaki software kunye nobuchwepheshe phezu domain ethile.
2. Phuhlisa inkqubo olulandelenayo ukusombulula iingxaki ezivela domain ezahlukeneyo.
3. Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubalaselisa main units yayisetyenziselwa yokufunda ubuchwepheshe obutsha.
4. Sebenzisa iteknoloji ulwazi kunye neenkqubo ukulungiselela isifundo ujongano software eyodwa. Izixhobo ukuba akukho isekelwe kwi-mfanekiso yeprogram elungele (GUI evela IsiNgesi Graphic User Interface) umsebenzisi, abe isakhiwo umyalelo, olusekelwe phezu imenyu evela kwenye.
5. Uyacetyiswa ukuba nangoko balandele abafundi kunye ngokweekota: loluphi ulwazi kunye neenkcukacha neenkqubo, ulwazi, yazi ngazo izixhobo yobungcali ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukubaluleka eluncedo ulwazi.
6. Xa efundisa kobugcisa bolwazi nonxibelelwano, kungakuhle ukuba usebenzise izikhokelo zolwazi.
7. Indlela ephambili ekufundeni kufuneka isebenziseka indlela ekhethiweyo imisebenzi kunye nemizekelo ukubonisa indlela esekelwe ukusetyenziswa kakhulu technologies interactive.

model ulwazi

model ulwazi - inkcazo isixhobo okanye inkqubo, echaza ezinye iimpawu zazo yoqobo kunye iimpawu ezibalulekileyo ukulungiselela injongo ethile. ucikizeko Mathematical ngoku into ebalulekileyo kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zezinto ezenziwa luluntu: ucwangciso, uqikelelo, ulawulo, uyilo koomatshini kunye neenkqubo. Uphononongo lwe ngezenzeko yokwenene encediswa le mifuziselo, ngokuqhelekileyo ifuna ukusetyenziswa kweendlela azo. Xa oku kusetyenziswa ngokubanzi: ngobhalo amathuba kunye manani zemathematika, inzululwazi ikhompyutha, imathematika azo kunye nenkqubo ulwazi. Imizekelo yokulinganisa, ekuthi kujongwe ukuba ufumane amaxabiso ngamanani parameters inkqubo okanye iziganeko baninzi kakhulu: analytical, azo, oosinga.

Iindlela iimviwo abafundi model ulwazi

umgca Ukulinganisa Content kufuphi umnombo iinkqubo ulwazi olunxulumene iziseko lesayensi computer. Nangona kunjalo, omnye akufuneki zicinge ukuba esi sihloko yolwazi kuphela kwindalo kwaye ohlulwe kwabanye zonke imixholo. Lwenkqubo Information Technology - edatha, abahleli spreadsheet kunye nabanye - kufuneka luthathwe iindlela nokuhlawulwa models ulwazi. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba ukuyilwa ukuqonda echanekileyo yabafundi le kwisiqulatho kwisigqibo iingxaki - enye yeenjongo ezibalulekileyo zeli Sebe esithatha ngayo kwinzululwazi yekhompyutha, nto leyo kufikelelwe ngokuthe ngcembe. Le modeli Ingcamango inxulumene ngqo ingqikelelo into. Kodwa ke eneneni, akukho nkcazelo ngqo. Ukungenisa le ngcamango, ungenza nje umbonise ukuba ubomi babantu lingqongwe yi izinto ezahlukahlukeneyo ziyaphila kunye nohlobo engaphiliyo, leyo kuthiwa into ingqalelo yabantu.

Iingcamango kunye neendlela iinkqubo structured

Ukusetyenziswa ubuchule yakhiwe lwenkqubo yakha izakhono ukubambelela ngokungqongqo uqeqesho abasebenzi kuyilo ubuchule, nto leyo inegalelo elikhulu kuphuhliso yokucinga ubhalo abafundi kumanqanaba okuqala ukufunda iziseko algorithmic. Kubalulekile ukubonisa abafundi ukuba ube sisithethiso irisithi ngesigqibo ethile ingxaki enokubonwa umyalelo eyahlukileyo, oko kukuthi iziphumo ezinqwenelekayo yaye ziya kunikwa njenge ixabiso ethile, kuxhomekeke lwe data. Ekubeni asinguye wonke umsebenzi abafundi kunokwenziwa, kukho imfuneko ziyingenise ngohlobo iseti wayalela anesiphelo imiyalelo ukwenza amanyathelo alula, nto leyo iza kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezinqwenelekayo. Kubalulekile ukuba abafundi, kuhlalutywa imizekelo ngokukodwa ezikhethiweyo, bafika kwisigqibo sokuba imbudumbudu yemisebenzi ixhomekeke iseti imisebenzi anokuthi enze algorithm ophambili.

Uqeqesho ulwimi algorithmic

Imiba ebalulekileyo nkqubo yokufundiswa iziseko algorithmic ibhekisela ukukhetha indlela iinkqubo ukulungiselela ukufunda kwizikolo zamabanga aphakamileyo. Imfundo esikolweni kufuneka lusekelwe kulwimi eyenzelwe ngokukhethekileyo. Kulo mzekelo, kufakwe kuphela isigama kunye iseti imithetho zegrama, kodwa wavula indlela eya ukusebenzisa indlela entsha yokucinga. Umba kukhethwe ulwimi lokuprograma, ingqalelo zizazinzulu ezininzi, unika iindlela ezahlukeneyo ukuze baphumeze njani indlela yokufunda inkqubo ulwazi. Imizekelo a iindlela computer isifundo njengesifundo ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

1. Xa isigqibo ngezicelo yenzululwazi kunye nezoshishino.
2. On iilwimi mashinoorientirovannyh.
3. Uphuhliso lweelwimi software kunye schema ethile.
4. Imfundo ngokusekelwe uqeqesho algorithm iphuhlisiwe ngokukhethekileyo.

Practice lubonise ukuba akukho yemizila ezintathu zokuqala zibe zingalunganga ngokwemiqathango ndifunda emfundo yokwazisa kwisifundo, ekubeni musa ukusombulula ingxaki ukuyilwa iziseko nenkcubeko ulwazi lwabafundi. Ngoko ke, ukusombulula iingxaki cognitive zale khosi kuyimfuneko ukudibanisa izimvo eziphambili nganye neendlela ezicetywayo.

lweenkcukacha ngendlela

ulwazi Process unikezelo kuthetha zokuhlalutya ulwazi injongosenzi kukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo yesicelo eyenzelwe ngokukodwa impatho enjalo. Kuyenzeka ukuba abasifundisa abafundi scheme zilandelayo zokufunda:

1. Imiboniso ngokusebenzisa imizekelo ezithile iimpawu yokusingqongileyo nokusetyenziswa ezinokwenzeka.
2. izinto Analysis, iintlobo umyalezo, iindlela ntetho, iindlela lokulungisa iziphumo processing umyalezo.
3. Familiarization kunye ngeekhomponenti asisiseko-bume interface.
4. Imigaqo ngokusebenzisa inkqubo eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi.
5. Nolwazi kunye nemisebenzi esisiseko kunye neendlela zokusebenza medium.
6. Isifundo kwenkqubo ezithile (yesekethe separate).
7. isishwankathelo theoretical component iindlela zokusebenza eziphambili kunye nemisebenzi eliphakathi.
8. gabalala senkolelo kwinqanaba imiyalelo esisiseko.
9. Yenza imisebenzi efanayo kwezinye iimeko- bume njongo.

inkqubo zokuhlela ezibonwayo

Xa isiganeko ngasinye, iifomu kunye zolawulo ke ngandlela thile "ukuphendula 'ngokungqinelana ikhowudi ebhaliweyo ukuba idaliwe ngumsebenzisi ukuba into nganye ngokwahlukeneyo. Kule nkqubo kuyimfuneko ukuchaza nyathelo ngalinye ngokweenkcukacha. Enye iingxaki le style kukuba umntu owenza le projekthi kodwa ukurekhoda ngokwakhe. Ukuphendula zokuhlela-nomntu nelungiselelwe iziganeko, kunokuba inkcazelo eneenkcukacha Kwinyathelo ngalinye, umbhali kufuneka abonise indlela oza kusabela ngayo iziganeko ezahlukeneyo (okanye izenzo lomsebenzisi), apho, umzekelo, zibandakanya ukukhethwa kwakuthethwa, cofa iqhosha le mouse, yisa imouse, kunye nabanye. Le umcimbi omnye ukunika impendulo ethile, enye - ngoyaba nje. Oku kwenza ukuba inkqubo enkulu, kodwa eziliqela, enamakhulu iseti iinkqubo ezalanayo, umsebenzisi-elawulwa.

Iindlela ukufunda bume iinkqubo olubonakalayo

Esinye isizathu sokuba ukusebenza abaziintsizana uninzi abafundi babe lithathelwe kade umthwalo lezendlela. A isixa esikhulu sezixhobo zokufunda kwizifundo zesikolo ezahlukileyo kukhokelela kukuba kukho inani elikhulu labafundi abanako ukufunda kuyo. Ukuphucula kunokwenzeka ingakumbi ngenxa ukukhetha iindlela ekufundeni. Omnye ndlela isekelwe nangokwakha "umzekelo" acinga abantwana into yonke inzululwazi. Ubonelela ukuphunyezwa imisebenzi yengqondo ezifana khangela iipateni, ukufumana izifaniso, ndiyayigocagoca ubudlelwane oluneqela phakathi kwezinto, thelekisa, njalo njalo. D. Enye indlela wesiseko kwezakhono bokuyila nawoshicilelo kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo abafundi okucinga ngayo kuthathwa isifundo iinkqubo into ebomini. Loo ndlela ithetha ukuqonda entsha inkqubo yokubala kunye data ayalelayo kwinkumbulo yekhompyutha. Xa indlela ogxile wazisa umba yento equlathe "ulwazi" ye kakuhle eli hlabathi lokwenene. Into okanye izinto sibaluleke ezisebenzayo ebalulekileyo kwimizobo. Ukwenza into kule nkqubo, umfundi kufuneka ukhethe kubalulekile ukuba le ngxaki, kwazi ze abe nako ukusebenzisa naziphi na iinkqubo ulwazi. Uvavanyo okanye eemviwo kufuneka luqhutywe ngexesha elifanayo isakhono ukuyilwa okanye isenzo ubuchule ukuthelekisa, i-NDP engundoqo, zishwankathela.