Inkqubo yokusebenza ibandakanya ezi phakheji software zilandelayo ... (List)

Yinto akukho mfihlakalo ukuba inkqubo yokusebenza liqhutywa ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo izicelo ukuba abe ethile inyathelo ebomini yaye eyawo umsebenzi wabo. Ngapha koko, ahlambuluke iqokobhe ayikwazi kusetyenziswa umsebenzisi ukusombulula imisebenzi yakhe yemihla ngemihla, leyo, enyanisweni, kufuneka ikhompyutha siqu. Ngoko ke ngoku kufuneka bejongene nesibakala sokuba le nkqubo yokusebenza, yintoni iintlobo oko kukuthi, zeziphi iinkqubo ziyafuneka ukuba ukusebenza nalo.

Yintoni indlela yokusebenza?

System zokusebenza - iseti lweenkqubo ezinxulumeneyo, ngoncedo apho kolawulo computer kunye umsebenzisi intsebenziswano kunye umatshini computing. Enyanisweni, i-OS kwi sokuyilwa iyonke computer (enyanisweni, njengokuba Smartphones, izixhobo kunye nezinye devaysakh mihla) ifumaneka phakathi izixhobo (kubani na kumqhubekekisi, RAM, ikhadi imizobo, kwaye ezifana) kunye nesicelo neenkqubo. Xa iikhompyutha mihla le nkqubo ibandakanya ebizwa ngokuba iipakethi, nganye linoxanduva intsebenziswano kunye isixhobo othile, yaye wenza umsebenzi othile.

Abantu abaninzi edidekile iipakethi indlela yokusebenza-software kunye iiphakheji isicelo. graphic iifayile processing, ukwakhiwa kunye ufomato ulwazi itekisi, ukurekhoda nokuhoywa iifayile odiyo, utshintshiselwano ngeenkcukacha kumgama phakathi kwabasebenzisi, iinkqubo kunye nokuninzi ... Konke oku kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inkqubo yokusebenza ecocekileyo. Ukugqiba umsebenzi kuyimfuneko ukuba izicelo ezithile, kunye izicelo. Kodwa ke iipasela kwinkqubo yokusebenza ikuvumela zisebenza kuphela umsebenzisi imbonakalo-mfanekiso yeprogram ikhompyutha, isixhobo sonxibelelwano kunye nezinye iinkqubo. Sekunjalo, indlela yokusebenza ngokwayo i iseti oda iinkqubo ezinxulumene ezinika processing lolwazi, kwaye ngenxa yoko, amava umsebenzisi ikhompyutha siqu.

Zeziphi iinkqubo ukusebenza?

Ngelo xesha langoku, nangona ubuninzi iinkampani iingcali ekudalweni software, iinkqubo kunye izicelo, ukuphuhliswa kweenkqubo zokusebenza ibe kuphela inani leenkampani. Ngokusisiseko, imarike yonke kuhlala ababini kwisigaba nyama- IT: Microsoft Apple. Kuba iinkqubo zokusebenza ziquka Microsoft Windows kunye Apple Mac OS. Ngaphambili, kwakukho nezinye iiprojekthi (kwaye Soviet), kodwa kwabanye, babengayeki ukuya khona izizathu.

Uncedo kakhulu kukuba kwicala le nkampani ka-Bill Gates: Microsoft Windows yokusebenza inika umsebenzi ngaphezu kwama-90% kweekhompyutha zobuqu ehlabathini lonke. Ngeendlela ezininzi kwenzeka ngenxa ukusasazeka iqokobhe kangako (it Ungasebenzisa abenzi computer, kodwa kuphela xa phambi uguqulelo mvume). Operating System Windows 10 ke ziyafumaneka kuguqulelo lokugqibela kwi-Microsoft. Amanye amalungu share lemarike accounted for Mac OS, apho usebenza kuphela iimveliso Apple, yaye ngaloo ndlela ulahlekelwa okhuphisanayo yayo engundoqo.

Oko akusebenzi kwindlela yokusebenza?

A Uluhlu olupheleleyo iinkqubo ezinika intsebenziswano umsebenzisi kunye nekhompyutha, kuyo nayiphi na imeko ayikwazi aziyi kuqwalaselwa iqokobhe kunye nokusingqongileyo uphuhliso software. Umzekelo, LPT, SDK kunye nenani kwabanye.

Abantu abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba Linux inkqubo yokusebenza awusebenzi, kuba simahla ukuphuhlisa iqokobhe. Yinyaniso okanye akunjalo, kunzima ukutsho. konke kuxhomekeke apho icala yokusondela lo mba. Ukuba sithethe Linux njengesiseko of mobile iinkqubo zokusebenza uhlobo Android, Bada okanye BlackBerry, ngoko uthethe ngako ibe neenkqubo ezimeleyo ezinzima akakwazi ukuya. Xa sidibanisa abaninzi equlunqiweyo kwesi siseko, iinkqubo elizimeleyo phantsi kwegama Linux, bekuya kuba sengqiqweni ukucinga kwindlela yayo yokusebenza.

Kukho eliqela imiba besekhaya kwe iphakheji software kuthi na kudidi. Ingakumbi oku kusebenza DOS - Operating System Disk. Ethetha yokuba kanye igama iqulethe amagama amabini Kwinkokheli ZakwaLizwi, abaninzi cinga oku isikhumba self-OS. Kodwa elahlekisayo. DOS - interface ekuvumela ukuba ufake kwi Windows computer yakho, akukho ngakumbi. Ngenxa yoko, kubalulekile ukuba ii operating systems bubobabo.

Yintoni software?

Software - Le ethile nkqubo okanye software iphakheji ngoncedo apho ukuphunyezwa umsebenzi, nto leyo eyenzelwe ukwenza inkqubo yokusebenza. Olu didi esisiseko, kuba akukho sizathu sokusebenzisa ikhompyutha lobuqu ngaphandle kwayo. I-software iza ntlobo ezimbini: nkqubo kunye nesicelo. Ngokunika ingcaciso kunye ukufumana umahluko phakathi kwabo, siyakuba phezu umzekelo kakhulu ethandwa inkqubo yokusebenza - Microsoft Windows.

iinkqubo System

Ukuhlola ulawulo ngokwayo Windows, kufuneka uthethe malunga nendlela yokusebenza ye-software, kuba yindlela yokusebenza. Olu didi yeyona ibalulekileyo, njengoko le software isetyenziselwa intsebenziswano phakathi koomatshini komntu ikhompyutha, oko kukuthi, usebenza ne Windows. Iqela iinkqubo ezinjalo kuxhomekeke kuhlobo iinkcukacha siqu ikhompyutha, yaye ngawaphi amacandelo ibekwe phantsi kwekhwapha. I-software nkqubo yahlulwe iintlobo ezimbini: basic kwaye igosa okanye inkonzo.

software Basic inika computer konke konke. Olu didi lubandakanya indlela yokusebenza hlobo (oko kukuthi, njengokuba iseti iinkqubo ezifunekayo ukuze uqalise umatshini) kunye yokusebenza iqokobhe (iyakwazi ukubonisa inkqubo interface). Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa nokusebenza ngqo nenkqubo kwindlela ngokupheleleyo. Kule meko, ukuba zokusebenza ziquka ezi program zilandelayo:

1. amakhadi Driver. Le iphakheji software, eyimfuneko kwikhadi yemizobo, leyo computer, edlulisela iinkqubo inkqubo umfanekiso-siqhutywa eskrinini. Kubavelisi eziphambili amakhadi bokuZoba inkampani Nvidia kunye AMD, njengoko, ngokulandelelanayo, inxaxheba kuphuhliso kunye nabaqhubi imveliso yawo.

2. Le abaqhubi ukuba ikhadi lakho lesandi. iinkqubo ezinjalo kufuneka ukuphuma izandi iveliswa xa indlela yokusebenza umsebenzi. Mhlawumbi njengomnikezeli kuphela elikhulu kwezi amakhadi, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, kunye software kubo yi Realtek.

3. Utilities Network. Njengoko sele kubonakala ukusuka isihloko, ukuba yimfuneko ukulungiselela yeenethwekhi kuyo khompyutha ixhulumane. iinkqubo Network zidla kwakhiwa yeDevelopment kwaye zisetyenziselwa ukudibanisa, umisele kwanokusetyenziswa nothungelwano. Inika ukufikelela kwinethiwekhi in eluncedo Windows Microsoft Net.

4. Inkqubo ufakelo ufakelo software. Esi sixhobo kusetyenziswa ukulawula ikakhulu izicelo. Ngayo, uyakwazi ukucima, hlela, uze ufakele isoftwe nohlaziyo ye computer yakho.

5. IProgram Security. Olu didi mhlawumbi omkhulu kakhulu phakathi lwesoftwe wezemisebenzi. Isizathu kukuba ngolu hlobo. Okokuqala, kukho iinkqubo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ukukhusela ulwazi lomsebenzisi kwamagciwane nobusela. Ezi ziquka Firewall (zokuzikhusela yokuhlaselwa womnatha kunye neentsholongwane ukuba zingene ngokusebenzisa network) kunye ufihlo software (iikhowudi ulwazi ukwenzela ukugcina vetshe kunye nokukhuselwa).

6. uxilongo inkqubo CPU yakho yokusebenza. Ukongamela, kwimeko yokusebenza kwenkqubo memory, lo rhoqo kunye nomthamo yemisebenzi iprosesa, ukufumaneka iinkqubo ezinjalo kuyimfuneko.

iinkqubo zesicelo

Ekuqaleni ngxoxo yethu, thina bachukumisa umsebenzi encinane apho software isicelo ekujoliswe. Kodwa ke yi akukho kuthetha asikokuphela kwayo, nto leyo, mhlawumbi, ukuba akunakwenzeka. iinkqubo ezinjalo zenzelwa iinjongo ezahlukeneyo: ukusebenza kunye zolwazi wokuzonwabisa. Sicinga kuphela eziyimfuneko kakhulu umsebenzi ngemihla.

Ukusebenza ngolwazi umbhalo

Faka, ukucima, utshintsho, ukufometha, ukudluliselwa, ufihlo, ukugcinwa - ayikho uluhlu olupheleleyo imisebenzi ukuba umsebenzisi linokuyiqhuba ngoncedo iinkqubo ezinjalo. Ethandwa, lula yaye siyayazi ukuba yonke iseti kweenkqubo ukuba ukusebenza ngolwazi oye yi ipasile Microsoft Office. Kangangexesha elide ukuze ufumane iphakheji kuyimfuneko ukusahlula computer. Kodwa ngoku le software ezabe ngqo kwinkqubo yokusebenza, iquka iLizwi (umhleli wokubhaliweyo sakudala), Excel (usebenza spreadsheets), PowerPoint (indibanisela lwesicatshulwa kunye iifayile multimedia kwintetho), kunye OneNote (umhleli wokubhaliweyo ngokohlobo amanqaku). Ukongeza, iinkqubo umgangatho kuquka zonke iinguqulelo ze Windows kukho "Notebook" kunye WordPad (iLizwi lula).

Ukusebenza ngolwazi multimedia

iifayile Image, komsindo nevidiyo, kunye iifayile nezinye iintlobo zosasazo zidalwe, zihlelwe yaye alungiswa kwakhona ngokusebenzisa software olongezelelweyo. Ngokwahlukileyo kwinkokeli kudidi yangaphambili phakathi abaphuhlisi yeenkqubo ezinjalo ayikho Microsoft, kunye Adobe. Iipakethe ukuba igama eliqhelekileyo Suite Creative, iqulathe uluhlu olubanzi ngokufanelekileyo ziziveliso ze-software ye-multimedia. Phakathi kwabo, Kakade, kukho Photoshop, nto leyo umhleli edume graphic. Ukongeza, Adobe inika thina Illustrator (a software ukuhlela yomzobo), Emva Iziphumo (umhleli ividiyo), Acrobat (uxwebhu electronic format PDF), nokuhlola (umhleli audio). Engafakwanga kwiphakheji, kodwa kudlulela software Adobe uyidlala kwezicelo web Flash Player.

Ngokuphathelele iinkqubo ngamnye kule hlobo, kukho izinto ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, ukuvumela ukuba usebenze ngeefayile yemultimedia. Umzekelo, i-eyakhelwe-ngaphakathi Paint Windows nokuhlela iifayile multimedia umdlali okanye freeware umdlali audio AIMP.

networking

Akuthandeki ukuba namhlanje bambalwa kakhulu abantu abazi malunga Internet okanye asebenzise nabo ebomini bam. Kodwa ukufumana imvume yokungena kwi akwanelanga nje phambi ikhadi womnatha, izixhobo womnatha kunye nonxibelelwano. Ukuze uqale umsebenzi womnatha kwi uninzi amatyala kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa browser web, apho kukho abantu abaninzi. Indlela yokusebenza Windows 10 nkqubo njengoko we email inika Microsoft Edge, ezihlangwini zakhe kwinguqulelo ngaphambili kuye Internet Explorer. Kodwa kufana na imbonakalo kanye umsebenzisi-friendly kunye nozinzo ephantsi ngokuzithandela kakhulu. Uninzi abasebenzisi Internet bakhetha ukusebenzisa "Yandex Umkhangeli", Opera, Google Chrome okanye Mozilla Firefox. Apha, njengoko bathi, incasa kunye nombala.

Ukongeza, i ngoku ezithandwayo yokugcina ifayile ilifu, apho abantu ukufikelela iifayili zabo ezivela kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo yaye ukusuka izixhobo ezahlukeneyo. Microsoft i-OneDrive inkonzo umgangatho, nto leyo eyakhelwe kwi Windows 8, Windows 8.1 no-Windows 10 Noko ke, zikho nezinye iinkonzo, umzekelo, kwibhokisi, "Yandex.Disk" kunye Google Drive.

Protection virus

Simple firewall kunye ufihlo data ngokwaneleyo ukukhusela inkcazelo yakho ukuhlaselwa ngolunya. Virus leyo zingene kwinkqubo yokusebenza kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo (Internet, ezosulelekileyo USB flash drive) abakwazi ukuba nje kuphela data yakho, kodwa ukuba phantsi yonke computer. unqulo Benefit kule mihla ngokugqithiseleyo. Kwiinkampani inxaxheba kuphuhliso lweenkqubo zokhuseleko neenkqubo zokusebenza ziquka Norton, Kaspersky, Dr.Web, Avast, Avira, kunye namacwecwe kwabanye. Standard Windows abaswelayo, Kakade ke, ukhusela kakuhle le nkqubo, kodwa wesithathu iinkampani software anti-virus kusekho abe ukusebenza ebanzi kakhulu.

Izicelo e Design Language

Kwiinkqubo zokusebenza ezifana Microsoft Windows 8, Windows 8.1 no-Windows 10 ziyaphuhliswa ngendlela entsha, ebizwa Design uLwimi, udidi olutsha lwesoftwe - izicelo. Ukusebenza nabo oluqhutywa ujongano eyahlukileyo graphic (magumbi), nangona i "top ezilishumi" umsebenzisi inamathuba ukudibanisa iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo kunye ezintsha. Izicelo kuba zombini enokusebenziseka nenkqubo. Le yokugqibela, ngelishwa, elingazange lisetyenziswe phandle ngokupheleleyo ziingcali Microsoft. Ngokomzekelo, xa uthelekisa inkqubo 'Ibar "kunye application" izilungiselelo "le, wena ungaqaphela ezinye umahluko luncedo kwabo izicwangciso yolawulo endala, apho kusekho izinto ezininzi. Kodwa ke, nangona kunjalo, sele ekhuselekileyo ukuba sithi isicelo ngoku kwakhona ujonge indlela yokusebenza.

UPawulos izizathu

Inkqubo yokusebenza kuxhomekeke ekufumanekeni iinkqubo kunye iipasile eziyimfuneko ukuze ukusebenza kakuhle ikhompyutha siqu. iiphakheji yohlelo ukuvumela ukuba basebenzisane kunye umsebenzisi ukwenza imisebenzi elula, ukufumana nokubonisa ulwazi kwikhusi ngokusebenzisa iqokobhe lokusebenza. Ukuze enze indlela yokusebenza ukusebenza, kufuneka ube iphakheji software ebonelela iinkqubo umsebenzi ziyadlelana kunye nolawulo. Kodwa ukuze yenze imisebenzi enzima ngakumbi, ukusebenza kunye ulwazi olufunekayo ukusebenzisa iinkqubo yesicelo. Belapho kakhulu kakhulu, ngoko umsebenzisi yonke ungafumana bona ngqo inkqubo okanye uqiniseke ukuba uya kumvumela ukuba awuthwale izenzo yamitha.

Microsoft Windows yokusebenza qho kuphuculwe yaye yahlaziywa, ngoko kukho zonke iindlela ezintsha kunye ezintsha zokusebenza kunye nolwazi. app Universal, ibhalwe ngesimbo Yila kuLwimi isebenza zombini iikhompyutha desktop nezixhobo mobile aqalile kusetyenziswa kangangoko njengesiqhelo kunye nenkqubo, kwaye kwixesha elizayo siya endaweni yonke software yangaphambili. Kwaye kakhulu ubhalo, kuba ihlabathi ngokuthe ukusuka desktops kunye laptops ukuba Smartphones kunye namacwecwe. Sinokuba kuphela nje musani ulahlekile kweli hlabathi entsonkothileyo ubugcisa bolwazi mihla.