Irhafu: ntoni na, yaye ngubani ohlawula

indlela yovavanyo Traditional isebenza lithi ngokusekelwe ngokuzibophelela kwi-isabelo werhafu. Kwabo bantu abo ngabazingeli kunye nabavuni, kunye nezinye iintlobo zerhafu ziye isicelo - kuquka ekuthiwa lerhafu. Yintoni na nendlela nokulolonga ifayile Yasachnaya - ingafumaneka kweli nqaku.

Ukuvela rhafu uboya

Times Ermak kunye nokwandiswa impangele kude wasempumalanga wazithwala urhulumente ezininzi iingxaki ezithile ukusombulula ezifuna iindlela ezingaqhelekanga. bomthonyama eSiberia kungekho lizwe, yaye ke ngoko ayikwazanga ngamakhoboka. Ngoko, igama elithi "irhafu" iye yakhula. Igama livela Bashkir "yaһaҡ" nto leyo ethetha irhafu okanye balale. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le irhafu ndasiwa abazingeli ezinoboya beentlanga ezincinane kwaziswa ngalinye ulus (ummandla) ngaphandle esempuma eMoscow ubulawuli.

kulomasipala irhafu

Enye irhafu ixhaphakileyo yoBukhosi Russian yaba irhafu. Yintoni na - ngawakhe abantu eSiberia, abantu abavela kumaphondo Yenisei, Irkutsk, Tomsk, kwakunye nabahlali Transbaikalia kunye Yakutia. Inkqubo yokuqokelela waba Zininzi izinto ofana ngazo ukuqokelela irhafu efanayo Central Asia. Ngenxa yoko, erhafini embalini wahlala njengenye yeendlela ezininzi emgceni. koxhaphazo yabantu balapha.

Umhlawuli of irhafu nolwathi yonke lizingela abaneminyaka eyi-18 ukuya ku-50. Kwingingqi nganye, ubungakanani irhafu sele kubekwe ngenye indlela. Le lokusinda Iincwadi akhawunti kwisithili Yenisei ngo-1621 ngokumalunga ukuqokelelwa irhafu kwimimandla yabantu lomntu sables 12. Kwezi, 11 Self Yasaka iintsuba, kwaye yeshumi yaba "isidlo yomngcwabo komkhulu." irhafu ezinoboya Yenisei babephakathi aphezulu eSiberia. Thelekisa kwi Tyulkina County efanayo 1621 kwaye ziqokelelwe Sable 99 kuphela, Sable kwi 0.4 umntu ngamnye. Esinye isizathu sokuba esi sithuba ke imeko wakukhonza yabantu imbeko. Yintoni na kwanyanzeleka ebantwini omncinci izihlandlo eziliqela ngonyaka ziye phantsi behlasela prieniseyskih Kyrgyz kunye Angara-Tungus, ungakwazi guess ngoku kuphela. Mhlawumbi ukuziphendulela iintlanga ezincinane ukusuka iyangena abamelwane onobundlobongela kwaye sizathu ukuba inkqubo obyasachivaniya waqokela kakhulu ngoxolo, yaye ukungqubana enzima emkhosini kwesi siseko zirekhodwe.

Lithatha irhafu irhafu

Ukudubula yonyaka izilwanyana ezinoboya-zithwele kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini wahlwempuzeka kakhulu izilwanyana zeMpuma eSiberia. IMbasa ye uCatherine II ngo-1763, yaye ngowe-1782 njengenxalenye lerhafu baye bavunyelwa ukuba anike imali, kodwa kukhethwa nangoku kunikwa uhlobo lerhafu. Ukuze ufumane inkcazelo ecacileyo uluhlu bezizwe abahlawulwa ifayile pushno, njengokuba nokulawula ukuqokelelwa lerhafu yasekwa. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX oko wahlaziywa irejista ezizwana kufuneka ukuba ahlawule irhafu ukuya zobuncwane. Yintoni na yaye ngabantu abanjani kwakufuneka ukuba ahlawule olu hlobo irhafu, kwachazwa emyalelweni, ithatha iirenti zendalo yerhafu wemali. Okokugqibela, inani wayeka ukuba kusetyenziswa kuphela emva kokuba Revolution of 1917 ngonyaka.