Inkqubo yonikezelo amafutha. inkcazo inkqubo Inaliti nangemigaqo ukusebenza

inkqubo yezibaso unikezelo efunekayo ukuze amafutha evela itanki yamafutha, ukuhluza yayo engaphezulu kunye nesizukulwana mpilo-fuel mxube nangokusulela kwayo ukuya cylinder injini. Okwangoku, kukho iintlobo ezininzi iinkqubo amafutha. Avamise kakhulu kwinkulungwane yama-20 isiBeki, kodwa inkqubo inaliti ngoku kuthandwa. Kukho sesithathu - inaliti enye, okulungileyo kuphela ukuba ivumela ezimbalwa ukunciphisa amafutha. Makhe sihlolisise kwi inkqubo inaliti kwaye basebenze siseko walo wokusebenza.

amalungiselelo jikelele

Uninzi mihla iinkqubo amandla, amafutha injini efanayo. Umahluko angaba kuphela kwinqanaba yokuhlanganisa. Ubume kwenkqubo kwamafutha sinezi zixhobo zilandelayo:

1. itanki yezibaso - imveliso compact kokuba impompo kunye lokucoca ukuze ahlambuluke ngamasuntswana mechanical. Eyona njongo - yokugcina isibaso.
2. Yakha fuel umbhobho ezintsonkothileyo zokutyubhisha ukuba amafutha ukusuka itanki kwinkqubo ukuxuba.
3. Ukuxuba isixhobo. Kwimeko yethu iya kuxoxwa kwi injector. Le ndibano yenzelwe ukwenza i emulsion (umxube air-fuel) nokuhambisa ukuba iziqulathi kumjikelo injini esebenzayo.
4. iyunithi yolawulo inkqubo carburetion. Ifakiwe kuphela iinjini inaliti, ngenxa imfuno boluvo ulawulo, injector kunye neevalvu.
5. impompo yamafutha. Kwiimeko ezininzi, uguqulelo ngwenya. It is a injini encinane amandla, oludityaniswe kwimpompo yolwelo. Ukuthambisa ajikeleze waqonda amafutha, kunye nokusetyenziswa elide le TC ngesixa-mali kweelitha ngaphantsi kwe-5 zamafutha kunokukhokelela ukusilela motor.

Ukuba Ngokufutshane, injector - kwindawo unikezelo amafutha ngokusebenzisa amanzi esatsiba. uphawu Electronic evela unit control. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba injector unalo kwiqela lokulungileyo ebalulekileyo phezu isiBeki, iye ayisetyenziswanga ixesha elide. Oku kwakungenxa yobumbaxa lobuchwepheshe imveliso kunye ephantsi maintainability ungamalungu ezisilelayo. Ngelo inkqubo ziphene phuzu langoku phantse indawo isiBeki. Makhe sihlolisise into injector elungileyo kakhulu yaye ziziphi iimpawu zayo.

Iimpawu isixhobo amafutha

Imoto ibisoloko into ingqalelo abavikeli kokusingqongileyo. Ezi gesi exhaust azikhutshwa ngqo emoyeni, nto leyo igcwele kungcoliseko yayo. inkqubo fuel Uxilongo wabonisa ukuba imali obhobhozayo xa carburetion engalunganga inyuswe kakhulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu elula, kwagqitywa ekubeni ukufaka converter encedisa ukuqalisa imisebenzi. Noko ke, le fowuni lubonise iziphumo ezilungileyo kuphela ukuba umgangatho emulsion, kwaye xa kunokwenzeka naluphi na utyeshelo ukusebenza kwayo tsakisi kakhulu. Kwagqitywa ukubuyisela isiBeki kwi inkqubo elekhtrons ngqo ngakumbi, nto leyo injector. Ukhetho lokuqala luquka inani elikhulu amacandelo mechanical, yaye ngokutsho izifundo, inkqubo enjalo iya isiba mandundu njengoko umsebenzi imoto. Kwakunzima zendalo, ekubeni amalungu abalulekileyo kunye namaqumrhu zokusebenza inqambi nangaphandle ukuze.

Ukuze inkqubo isitofu ungalungisa ngokwayo, iyunithi yolawulo electronic sele yenziwe (ECU). Kunye eyakhelwe-lyamba uphenyo, nto leyo ifumaneka emantla converter zokuphosa, yanikeza umsebenzi olungileyo. Kukhuselekile ukuba amaxabiso epetroli namhlanje kakhulu phezulu, kwaye injector kulungile kuba nje ikuvumela ukugcina ipetroli okanye idizili. Ukongeza kukho iingenelo zilandelayo:

1. Ukwanda iimpawu yokusebenza injini. Ingakumbi umthamo inyuke nge-5-10%.
2. Ukuphucula ukusebenza olutshintshayo isithuthi. Le injector inovakalelo olungaphezulu kutshintsho lokulayisha kwaye ukutshintsha emulsion ngokwayo.
3. Eyiyo umxube amafutha-moya yaye kunciphisa isixa iigesi zeemoto letyhefu.
4. inkqubo Inaliti Kulula ukubaleka, nokuba iimeko zemozulu, nto leyo luncedo elibalulekileyo weenjini epetroli.

isixhobo ziphene amafutha yayo

Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuqaphela into yokuba iinjini mihla baxhotyiswe nemilomo vpryskovyh lilingana nenani cylinder. Injectors enxulumene phakathi ithambeka. Apho amafutha siqulethwe koxinzelelo ephantsi, kwaye idala isixhobo sombane - pump yepetroli. Isixa amafutha lesitofu ixhomekeke kuvulwa esatsiba, nto leyo umiselwa iyunithi yolawulo. Kuba oku ukusebenza shot kunye ezahlukeneyo abenzi boluvo, ezo zifakwe apha kwisithuthi. Ngoku sijonga ezona ziphambili:

1. isivamvo flow Air. Inceda ukumisela inzaliseko zezulu njengesilinda. Kwimeko apho ebonisa ukusilela awahoywa isiwe data etafileni njengoko izalathisi ezingundoqo.
2. isivamvo Indawo umcephe ibonakalisa umthwalo injini, nto leyo ibangelwa imeko umcephe wokunyusa, umoya kunye nokugcwaliswa elibujikele iMvukelo lwangaphakathi omlilo injini.
3. Ubushushu sensor hladgena. Esebenzisa eli liphunyezwa ulawulo fan sombane kunye nokulungisa la amafutha kunye ucinezelo. Kwimeko ngobugwenxa kwesifo ngephanyazo inkqubo amafutha ayikho imfuneko. Iqondo lobushushu kuthathwa ngokuxhomekeke ubude injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi.
4. Le sensor crankshaft isikhundla (crankshaft) iyafuneka ukuze ukuzivumelanisa yonke le nkqubo. Le isilawuli ubala isantya injini nje kuphela, kodwa indawo yayo ngexesha elithile. Ekubeni zincwadi Womenzi polar, ngoko ke ukungasebenzi isithuthi ngakumbi umsebenzi akwenzeki.
5. Le woluvo mpilo ziyafuneka ukumisela i% ioksijini yeegesi ekukhutshelwe emoyeni. Ulwazi kule umlawuli luyasuka kwicandelo ulawulo, apho ukutshintsha emulsion kuxhomekeka kubungqina.

Iyafuna ukunikela ingqalelo yokuba ingengabo bonke izithuthi kunye injector nee-woluvo ioksijini. Baye kuphela ezo moto ukuba mayixhotyiswe Converter standard ekujonganeni amadlozi "Euro-2" kunye "Euro-3".

Iintlobo kweenkqubo ziphene: naliti single-point

Okwangoku, i ngokubanzi zonke iinkqubo. Bona zahlelwa ngokwenani of injectors kunye nendawo amafutha. Kukho inkqubo ezintathu ziphene:

• indawo eyodwa (inaliti ye-single);
• ezininzi (distribution);
• ngqo.

Okokuqala, makhe siqwalasele inkqubo inaliti enye ingongoma. Baye zadalwa nje emva kokuba isiBeki kwaye uthathwa phambili ngakumbi, kodwa ngoku kancane yokuthandwa kwayo, ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi. Kukho ezinye iingenelo zingenakuphikwa iinkqubo ezinjalo. Basic akumi kulondolozo amafutha enkulu. Njengoko amaxabiso amafutha namhlanje kunokuba omkhulu, ngoko ke injector sifanelekile. Into enikisa umdla kukuba le nkqubo iqulethe eziliqela elektroniki ezincinane, ngoko inokuthenjwa kwaye bezinzile. Xa ulwazi usasazwa ugqithiselwa ukusuka abenzi boluvo ukuya element ulawulo, i parameters inaliti zitshintshiwe ngoko nangoko. umdla kakhulu kukuba phantse nayiphi na injini ipetroli lutshintsha tshintshwe yi inaliti eyodwa ngaphandle utshintsho olubalulekileyo kwisakhiwo. Luncedo kweenkqubo ezinjalo ke eliphantsi pick-ICE, kwakunye ukulungisa umyinge obonakalayo zepetroli phezu kweendonga kwechibi, kodwa ingxaki yaba imifuziselo semvelo kunye carbureted.

Ekubeni amanzi esatsiba kulo mzekelo, omnye kuphela, ngoko ke ukwakweli eziphindaphindiweyo ukutya kwi kwisiza isiBeki. Ekubeni amanzi esatsiba yaba kwindawo elungileyo yaye rhoqo phantsi njengomlambo umoya obandayo, ukuthembeka yayo ibe kwelona nqanaba liphezulu, yaye uyilo yayilula kakhulu. Siwasebenzise inkqubo amafutha kunye inaliti eyodwa akazange athathe ixesha elide, kuba oko kwanele ukuba avuthele umlomo omnye kuphela, kodwa iimfuno ukwanda yokusingqongileyo ziye zakhokelela ekubeni baqala ukuphuhlisa ezinye iinkqubo ezininzi zale mihla.

inkqubo inaliti ezininzi

Inaliti Distributed kuqwalaselwa ngakumbi kule mihla, kwaye zithembeke kangako. Kulo mzekelo, nesilinda nganye lixhotyiswe amanzi esatsiba xa igqunyiwe, nto leyo zicwangciswe inani bayinto endhawini ivelufa otyiwa. Ngenxa yoko, i-feed emulsion wenziwa ngokwahlukeneyo. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, eli inaliti yokuvutha kwangaphakathi injini amandla aokusetyenziswa banda 5-10%, nto leyo oqaphelekayo xa eqhuba endleleni. Enye ingongoma umdla: le-elekhtrons kulungile ukuba amanzi esatsiba libekwe kufutshane kakhulu ivelufa otyiwa. Oku kunciphisa isimemezelo amafutha kwi iindonga dama, eyenza kube lula ukufezekisa imali amafutha ebalulekileyo.

Kukho iintlobo ezininzi isitofu multi-point:

1. Ngaxeshanye - ukuvulwa nemilomo kuthatha indawo ngexesha elifanayo.
2. parallel Pairwise - uvula injectors ngababini. Enye amanzi esatsiba xa kuvulwa kwi-stroke, kanye owesibini phambi stroke zeemoto. Okwangoku, le nkqubo lisetyenziswa kuphela ngexesha likaxakeka kokuqala injini yokuvutha kwangaphakathi xa kwisigaba breakage (crankshaft isivamvo position).
3. Zikhutshelwe - injector nganye ilawulwa ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa ivula phambi kukubethwa otyiwa.

Kulo mzekelo, le nkqubo entsonkothileyo kakhulu kwaye baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ukuchaneka bombane. Umzekelo, siwasebenzise inkqubo amafutha uza kufuna ixesha elininzi kakhulu, njengoko imfuno ukuhlamba injector nganye. Kwaye ngoku masihambe phambili kwaye ujonge olunye uhlobo oluthandwa ngenaliti.

inaliti ngqo

iimoto Inaliti kwiinkqubo ezifana ingaqatshelwa eziphilayo kakhulu. Eyona njongo ephambili yale ukuqaliswa kwale ndlela inaliti kukuphucula umgangatho umxube amafutha, kunye nokwanda kancinane ukusebenza kwe-injini yesithuthi. Izinto eziluncedo iphambili yale solution ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

• ukutshiza olunzulu emulsion;
• ekumisweni umxube ekumgangatho ophezulu;
• ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo emulsion kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi.

Ngokusekelwe kwezi iingenelo, singatsho ukuba iinkqubo ezinjalo konga isibaso. Oku obonakala ngakumbi na ukukhwela cwaka kwindawo ezidolophini. Xa sithelekisa iimoto ezimbini kunye umthamo enye injini, kodwa iinkqubo inaliti ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, ngoko nangoko kwaye multi-ingongoma, ukusebenza kakhulu ngcono nezakhi kuya kuba njalo ekuphelisweni kwenkqubo. Irhasi exhaust angaphantsi ezingenabungozi, njengokuba umthamo ilitha ethathwe iya kuba sisemi ngaphezulu ngenxa Ukupholisa umoya nokuba uxinzelelo amafutha noko kwanda.

Kodwa qaphelani uvakalelo kwenkqubo inaliti ngqo kumgangatho amafutha. Ukuba uthathe ingqalelo thina imigangatho Russian kwaye Ukrainian, isiqulatho sulphur akufuneki ibe ngaphezulu kwama-500 mg ilitha 1 amafutha nganye. Ngelo lixa imigangatho yaseYurophu kuthetha ngokubhalwe kule element 150, 50 no-10 mg ilitha zepetroli okanye diesel nganye.

Ukuba gqabagqaba le nkqubo, oko ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: injector zicwangciswe intloko njengesilinda. Ngako oko, le inaliti wenziwa ngqo njengesilinda. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba inkqubo isitofu ilungele ukuba injini ezininzi ipetroli. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, xa isetyenziswa kwinkqubo amafutha ukunyuka koxinzelelo, phantsi apho emulsion sidla ngqo kwigumbi yokutsha, ngokudlula ngezilingo otyiwa.

inkqubo ziphene kwamafutha: Riding ezinqinileyo

A kancinane entla, siye sahlolisisa inaliti ngqo, eyasetyenziswa kuqala ngomhla iimoto brand "Mitsubishi", oko elifinyeziweyo GDI. Makhe sithi gqaba-gqaba enye iindlela eziphambili - ezinqinileyo. kubume bayo usendleleni yokuba isithuthi kulo mzekelo ezisebenza kwi imithwalo ephantsi ngezantya ngokulinganisela iikhilomitha ukuya ku-120 ngeyure. Inaliti kwamafutha lwenziwa kwi ucinezelo sigaba itotshi lokugqibela. Njengoko kuboniswe piston, fuel ixutywe umoya kwaye engena ikhandlela zone ucinezelo. Kubonakala ukuba egumbini umxube leyo kakhulu awancitshiswa, kunjalo isigxina yalo kummandla plug yintlantsi abaya kuthathelwa ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo. Oku kwanele ukuba ucinezelo layo, ngoko ikhanyisa kunye nabanye emulsion. Enyanisweni, inkqubo-elekhtrons inikeze ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo itheyibhile ephindaphindayo naxa umoya / amafutha ratio - 40: 1.

Le yindlela esebenzayo ukugcina amafutha kakhulu. Kodwa kufuneka sinikele ingqalelo ukuba kukho umbuzo neegesi zeemoto. Isibakala sokuba iza alufanelekanga, ekubeni oxide nitrogen abembumbile. Kulo mzekelo, i recirculation zegesi zeemoto. inkqubo IsiNdebele Special kuvumela emulsion ukuba yaze yangxenga ifuthe lomanyano iigesi zeemoto. Oku ngandlel kunciphisa ubushushu omlilo futhi yokungenelela ukuyilwa oxides. Nangona kunjalo, le ndlela akavumeli ukunyusa umthwalo kwi injini. Ukuze ngokuyinxenye Ukusombulula ingxaki iza yokugcina ezisetyenziswayo. Last umkhathalele kakhulu amafutha kunye nomxholo high nesalfure. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, itsheki ngamaxesha kwinkqubo amafutha.

Ukwakheka umxube yohlobo olunye kunye indlela 2 step-

Amandla karhulumente (yohlobo olunye umxube ukubunjwa) - isicombululo ifanelekileyo ukuze lokuqhuba wokulwa iimeko ezidolophini, likufikela nasekuqhubeni osemendweni kunye emendweni. Kulo mzekelo, i umsi etsobhileyo, lingaphantsi ukonga ngaphezu ezidlulileyo. Inaliti olwenziwa kukubethwa wobhaliso, kwaye emulsion abunjwe ayidli umlinganiselo we-14.7: 1, ngamanye kufutshane stoichiometric. Enyanisweni, le nkqubo feed amafutha ezenzekelayo ncam lonikezelo.

Lali-ezimbini imo-elekhtrons kuthetha phezu umvumbo ucinezelo, kwakunye start-up. Owona msebenzi - esibukhali nokwanda injini. Umzekelo ngokumangalisayo ukusebenza ngendlela eyiyo inkqubo enjalo intshukumo ngesantya eliphantsi kunye noxinzelelo elibukhali kwi namafutha. Kulo mzekelo, amathuba enkqonkqoza ukunyuka kakhulu. Ngenxa yesi sizathu elula, endaweni inaliti kwisigaba enye oluqhutywa ezimbini.

Ngelo kwinqanaba lokuqala zenyuse imali encinane zepetroli kwi stroke otyiwa. Oku kwenza ezinye emoyeni ukuthoba iqondo lobushushu akwitankana lokugcina. Uyakwazi ukuthetha ukuba lombhobho iya kuba umxube superpoor kwi om-60: 1, ngoko ke, le detonation akunakwenzeka hlobo. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela kukubethwa ucinezelo yenziwa elekhtrons jet, nto leyo izisa ukuba emulsion zizityebi ratio malunga 12: 1. Namhlanje sinokuthi inkqubo injini amafutha eso yaziswa kuphela iimoto imarike yaseYurophu. Oku kungenxa yokuba Japan akukho lokuba ngezantya eziphakamileyo, ngoko ke, kukho umthwalo omkhulu kwinjini. EYurophu, kukho inani elikhulu ifreeway kunye zeendlela, ngoko abaqhubi baqhele ukukhwela nkqi, yaye umthwalo omkhulu kwinjini yokutsha lwangaphakathi.

Nakuba into ebangel 'umdla

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa kwiinkqubo isiBeki lo, injector ifuna ukuba waba itsheki rhoqo kwenkqubo amafutha. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho inani elikhulu elektroniki unelungelo fail. Ngenxa yoko, oku kuya kukhokelela ekubeni iziphumo ezingafunekiyo. Ngokomzekelo, umoya excess kwinkqubo amafutha iza kubangela ukuphazamiseka ubume emulsion kwaye nomlinganiselo Umxube engalunganga. Kwixesha elizayo, oku kuchaphazela injini, kukho umsebenzi ezingazinzanga kunye umonakalo nabaqondisi, njl Enyanisweni, lo injector - .. Ingaba inkqubo entsonkothileyo egqiba xa iziqulathi kufuneka ufake ube yintlantsi, indlela yokufundisa ophezulu ezikumgangatho umxube kwe block cylinder asibonise eyanele, nini ukuba ukuvula umlomo kunye umlinganiselo umoya kunye amafutha kufuneka ube emulsion. Zonke ezi zinto zichaphazela ukusebenza ngaxesha kwenkqubo amafutha. Okubangel 'umdla kukuba uninzi nabaqondisi ngaphandle umatshini unako ukwenza kakuhle, lo gama kuya kubakho okukhulu, njengoko kukho ukurekhodwa olungxamisekileyo kunye neetafile ukuba kusetyenziswa.

Iindleko yokuvutha kwangaphakathi injini kule meko ixhomekeke indlela esebenzayo data kuya kufumaneka ukususela nabaqondisi. Kunabo ngakumbi ncam, incinci kunokwenzeka inkqubo amafutha iziphene ezahlukeneyo. Idlala indima ebalulekileyo kunye isantya impendulo kwinkqubo yonke. Ngokungafaniyo carburettors apha ayifuni hlengahlengiso manual, leyo ishenxisa iimpazamo ngexesha umsebenzi Ukulinganiswa. Ngenxa yoko, nathi bafumane ukutshiswa epheleleyo ngakumbi umxube kunye kwindawo engcono zokusingqongileyo Ngenxa nkqubo.

isiphelo

Xa ndiqukumbela, kufuneka usixelele kancinci malunga iintsilelo ezendeleyo kwiinkqubo inaliti. Eyona Ububi obukhulu iindleko eziphezulu injini yokutsha lwangaphakathi. Ubukhulu becala, iindleko leeyunithi ezilolo hlobo bekuya kuba ephakamileyo nge-15%, nto leyo kakhulu. Kodwa kukho ezinye nezingalunganga. Umzekelo, amafutha vana ayiphumelelanga kukuba kwiimeko ezininzi akukho inokulungiswa ngenxa ingqibelelo ukungathobeli, ngoko kufanele kube lula ukutshintsha. Oku kusebenza kwi maintainability kwezixhobo xa iyonke. Amanye amacandelo kunye abaza kuzisebenzisa kulula kakhulu ukuba uthenge entsha, kunokuba bachithe imali wazilungisa. Olu phawu ayikho isithuthi semvelo carbureted, apho unako kuwo onke amacandelo ezibalulekileyo ukubuyisela intsebenzo yabo ngaphandle utyalo ixesha elininzi neenzame umjikelo. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo, inkqubo amafutha electronic lalilungiswa imikhosi ezinkulu iindlela. elektroniki zobunewu akunakwenzeka ukuba zibuyiselwe kwi kwizikhululo wokuqala ofumanekayo.

Kaloku, siye sathetha nawe ngento inkqubo inaliti. Njengoko ubona, oku isihloko umdla kakhulu ngxoxo. Unako kwakhona uxelele okuninzi malunga yintoni nemilomo elungileyo kwaye ithuba lokulungisa ngephanyazo-injini. Kodwa iingongoma eziphambili esinalo kakade. Khumbula ukuba le nkqubo amafutha ye injini petroli kufuneka rhoqo ahlolwe ngokukhubazeka kunokwenzeka. Umzekelo, ngenxa libya zepetroli, nto leyo enyanisweni sizalwa kwilizwe lethu, ngokufuthi kucocwe nemilomo. Ngenxa yoku, i-injini uqala ukusebenza zizicima, amandla buyehla, umxube uba ezinqinileyo kakhulu okanye ngolunye uhlobo. Konke oku kubi kakhulu ukuba imoto xa iyonke, ngoko ke, kufuneka esweni rhoqo kwaye rhoqo. Kwakhona, zama ukuba imane kuphela zepetroli, leyo ucebisa nabavelisi kwisithuthi sakho.