Inshorensi yezempilo eRashiya kunye neempawu zayo. Uphuhliso lwe-inshorensi yezempilo eRashiya

inshorensi yempilo - luhlobo ukukhusela abantu, nto leyo ukuqinisekisa nentlawulo yoncedo lwezonyango ngeendleko mali ezingasetyenziswanga. Uqinisekisa ngummi ulungiselelo lweenkonzo kunye simahla xa iingxaki zempilo. Okulandelayo, makhe sithethe ngoko na inshorensi yezempilo eRashiya. iimpawu zayo iza kuzama ukubona iinkcukacha kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

imiqondo

inshorensi yempilo ezinyanzelekileyo (MHI) iphunyeziwe ngokungqinelana nenkqubo karhulumente. Kuyinto jikelele abemi. inshorensi yonyango ngokuzithandela eRashiya yenza kube lula ukufumana iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo ezingaqukwanga MLA. Oku kunokuba inani elithile utyelelo ziingcali, unonophelo esibhedlele, kunye nabanye. Xa inxaxheba kule nkqubo ngokuzithandela, umntu ukhetha iintlobo kunye nomthamo kweenkonzo, iziko apho afuna ukuncedwa nabo. Ekupheleni kwesivumelwano umthengi uhlawula imali, nto leyo evumela ukuba kwisithuba sexesha elithile ukufumana inkonzo phantsi inkqubo ekhethiweyo ngaphandle kokongeza kwiindleko. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye amagama.

OKhuselwe ngeInshorensi - umntu uhlawula iminikelo. Inokuba kukho umntu okanye umbutho.

I-inshorensi - liqumrhu elisemthethweni uphumeza-inshorensi yezonyango.

amaziko ezonyango umbala (MPI) - amaziko apho zinika iinkonzo ngeenkonzo zempilo kubantu abanezigulo ezahlukahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka: zonyango, zoqhaqho, engqondweni, yoluvo, amaziko onyango abantwana, izibhedlele kubeleka kunye namaziko kwimeko yesiqhelo.

Umgaqo - uxwebhu engqina umntu ezithatha inxaxheba kule program.

umbutho inshorensi yezempilo (injono) - liqumrhu elisemthethweni kunye ingqukuva ebhalisiweyo, nto leyo inxaxheba kwi-inshorensi yezempilo nje ngokuzithandela okanye ezinyanzelekileyo. Imisebenzi eyenziwa ngeendlela ezimbini:

• ukuqokelelana imali yokubonelela uncedo abemi;
• iimviwo emva kokufumana iinkonzo.

Uphuhliso lwe-inshorensi yezempilo eRashiya

Isigaba 1 (1861-1903 biennium).

isenzo eso yamkelwa, ngokubonisa isakhelo OMC eRashiya. Xa mveliso zikarhulumente-Kwamiswa intsebenziswano kunye ofisi oluncedisayo, ngalo ekhutshwe isibonelelo sokukhubazeka ixeshana amalungu oluntu, ithatha iidipozithi. Ngowe-1866, kwakukho izibhedlele kunye nenani elithile iibhedi kwi-mveliso. Ngokubanzi, abasebenzi zoncedo lwezonyango olulolu hlobo ayizange nje.

Isigaba 2 (1903-1912 biennium).

inshorensi yezempilo eRussia wasinda Inqanaba lokuqala ezibalulekileyo ngowe-1903, xa wapasiswa umthetho, njengoko apho umqashi uxanduva umonakalo owenzeke impilo abasebenzi xa iingozi.

Isigaba 3 (Juni 1912 - Julayi 1917).

Ngowe-1912, uMthetho wapasiswa OMC xa iingozi kunye nokugula. Ngomhla kummandla Russian Federation kukho isifo mali. Abasebenzi ngokuncama ngoosomashishini encediswa kwiindawo ezine: lokuqala, kunye nezibhedlela kwesibhedlele; ekuzaleni.

Isigaba 4 (Julayi 1917 - Oktobha 1917).

inshorensi yempilo esisiNyanzelo eRashiya waba kakhulu nguRhulumente lwethutyana:

• kwakukho Iimfuno mali-inshorensi yezempilo;
• landa inani insured;
• Iinkampani ze-inshorensi yezempilo zadityaniswa ngaphandle kwemvume abanini.

Isigaba 5 (Oktobha 1917 - Novemba 1921).

Declaration wayalelwa-inshorensi yezempilo yoluntu ngokupheleleyo eRashiya, nto leyo isebenza kubo bonke wage-abasebenzi, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yezizathu yokukhubazeka. narkomzdravovskoy ehlanganisiwe kunye inshorensi yezempilo. Medicine yadluliselwa kwiOfisi yaBantu Commissariat of Health. Ukuvala amayeza imali.

Isigaba 6 (Novemba 1921 - 1929).

Policy New kwezoqoqosho kwaqalwa inshorensi yoluntu kwimeko bobulwelwe. rates Igalelo lubalwe ngokwenani labantu abaqeshwe kwishishini. Kuba ukuthunyelwa kwemali, imali ezimbini ahlelwa. Mntu nokutshitshiswa imizimba inshorensi yasekuhlaleni, le yesibini - zempilo.

Isigaba 7 (1929 - ngoku)

Kule minyaka 60 ezayo Wayila imigqaliselo yenkqubo ngemali. Oku yindlela na uphuhliso inshorensi yempilo eRashiya.

Le nkqubo yanamhlanje

inshorensi yezempilo eRussia ngalo mzuzu ikhona ngeendlela ezintathu. UMbuso ngezimali ngokupheleleyo mali. Insurance ukhandwa ukuqokelelela iminikelo ezivela kumashishini zonke iintlobo ubunini kunye SP iminikelo. Isixa-mali ezifunyenwe njengonyango abucala, ibalwe sisigulane.

Inkqubo urhulumente akaboneleli unyango ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngenxa yokunqongophala kwenkxaso-mali. amayeza Private - an ubumnandi imali eninzi. Ngoko medstrahovanie ingqalelo lowo kakhulu elilelona ukuze ufumane uncedo. Ngokusesikweni, bonke abantu bafanele ukufumana iinkonzo ezikumgangatho ophezulu. Eneneni, nezihlandlo zeentlawulo le nto unyango olufanelekileyo abasemagunyeni yezempilo yoluntu. Lo mgaqo abekwe. Yaye ekubeni izinga igalelo Fund i Russian Health Insurance bonke abemi umiselwe efanayo, umthamo iintlawulo kufuneka alingane.

CHI

inshorensi yempilo esisiNyanzelo eRashiya yinxalenye Iinkqubo zentlalo zikarhulumente. Xa sikhokelo bonke abemi ithuba elilinganayo lokufumana ichiza kunye noncedo lwezonyango mali pre-elikhankanywe kunye nemiqathango.

ERashiya, kukho iinkqubo ezisisiseko kunye indawo. Ukuba sichaze uhlobo uncedo kunye namaziko oluntu kubemi abahlala kwezinye iindawo zaloo mmandla. Okokuqala eziphuhliswe yi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezeMpilo, ezivunywe ngamanye imizimba yolawulo karhulumente.

Icebo lomsebenzi

Iinkampani uluhlu qho ngenyanga ka-3.6% ye FOP kwi MLA. Kwezi, 3.4% ehlawulwa sobummandla kunye 0.2% - kwi Federal CHI Fund. Kuba iminikelo labemi non-nabasebenzi ehlawulwa ngurhulumente. Zombini zimali ezikhoyo ezahlukeneyo ukuba aqokelele imali, ukuqinisekisa uzinzo kwinkqubo nokungqinelanisa izibonelelo zemali. Le mali accumulated iya ukuhlawulela iseti umthamo iinkonzo zonyango.

Iinkampani ze-inshorensi kuqukunjelwa nabanini izivumelwano ngoncedo LPU oms policyholders, ukukhusela umdla kubathengi, ukulawula ixesha, ububanzi kunye nomgangatho weenkonzo ezinikwayo. Abathathi nxaxheba banokufumana ezi kuba zombini ngabemi Russian and non-nabahlali. Noko ke, ngokubhekisele yokugqibela, uluhlu lweenkonzo ezifumanekayo kubo anqongophele.

inkqubo CHI Territorial

Olu xwebhu ichaza umda yokubonelela abemi unyango simahla. Oku kuquka:

• yonxunguphalo;
• ezingalaliswayo, polyclinic;
• ukunakekela inpatient e ukugula acute kunye exacerbation zizifo ezingapheliyo, ukwenzakala, ezimbi zokukhulelwa, isisu; esibhedlele izicwangciso unyango.

ngaphandle:

• unyango lwe HIV, isifo sephepha nezinye izifo ezibalulekileyo eluntwini;
• unyango olungxamisekileyo;
• okukhethekile, supply kweziyobisi ;
• iintlobo leXhwane uncedo uqhaqho open-intliziyo ichemotherapy nesiphelo yokurhaxwa lweentsana.

iinkonzo imali

Inkqubo-inshorensi yezempilo eRashiya eyakhiwe ngohlobo lokuba phantsi inkqubo karhulumente ngenxa yeenkonzo ezithile umntu kuya kufuneka ahlawule le ndawo. Ezi nkonzo zibandakanya:

• Ahlola kwi nyathelo yabemi.
• Engaziwa zokuxilonga kunye amanyathelo othintelo.
• Iinkqubo wenziwe ekhaya.
• Imithi abemi inkanuko.
• unyango Spa.
• iinkonzo izithambiso.
• Ayabiza kakhulu.
• uqeqesho lwezakhono abalupheleyo.
• ngeenkonzo ezongezelelweyo.

nkqubo MHI

Olu xwebhu isicelo bonke abemi Russian, kuquka non-abahlali abahlala okwethutyana kummandla kweli lizwe. Ixesha le nkqubo ingqamana nexesha lokuhlala kweli lizwe. Abemi-nkqubo Russian ikhutshwa kanye ebomini.

uxwebhu Ubhaliso kufuneka ijongane ngumqeshi okanye SMO. Kulo mzekelo, uMntu oKhuselwe ngeInshorensi unelungelo lokuzikhethela inkampani ngokwayo, nto leyo eza kunikwa. Abemi Broken kufumana nkqubo kwakunye ukukhonza kwindawo yabo.

utshintsho data

Ingakumbi i-inshorensi yezempilo eRashiya yokuba emva kokuba ukutshintsha ahlala kuyo okanye ipaspoti data ze-nkqubo endala zinikwe kwi-UK, yaye emva kobhaliso kwindawo entsha ukufumana entsha. Ukuba utshintsha indawo yoxwebhu umsebenzi kufuneka ibuyiselwe kumqeshi. Usomashishini unyanzelekile kwisithuba seentsuku ezili-10 ukuze azise SC.

Kwimeko yelahleko yalo mgaqo-nkqubo kuyimfuneko ukuba azise inshorensi ngokukhawuleza kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Abasebenzi benkampani uya kuphelisa idata uxwebhu evela ledatha MLA kwaye uqale inkqubo yobhaliso ye-nkqubo omtsha. Ngelo xesha uya kuhlawuliswa ngesantya izihlandlo 0.1 yomvuzo elincinane kunikezelo ifomu.

inshorensi Voluntary yonyango eRashiya (LCA)

Lenkonzo ikuvumela abemi bafumane iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo ngaphezu MLA. Izifundo nkqubo kungaba:

• ngabanye;
• kwimibutho emela iimfuno abemi, okanye kumaziko ezempilo;
• lweshishini.

Umntu unako ukufumana imali eninzi, esimbaxa (entsimini bamazinyo, uqhaqho zeplastiki, zamehlo, njalo njalo. N.) Of iinkonzo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, ukuba kudlula iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo njalo njalo. Inshorensi Health D. eRashiya njengenxalenye yenkqubo ilawulwa yi ikhontrakthi. Ngokutsho kolu xwebhu, inkampani unyanzelekile ukuba ukuhlawulela iinkonzo ezinikwa abemi, ezifakwe kuluhlu efanelekileyo, unike ngamnye inshorensi kwixesha elithile-nkqubo wenkonzo kunye nenkqubo kwaye uluhlu lwamaziko apho uncedo ziya kubonelelwa.

Isivumelwano kwakhona yathi umntu benefits linyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule imirhumo ngexesha elithile, wayenza yacaca ngokwemiqathango xwebhu, iimeko isongezo yayo, imithetho imbuyekezo kwaye ukutsibela nelungelo kwintlawulo emva kokufa-inshorensi.

Ngokutsho data yakutshanje, ngo-2015 62% yabasebenzi Russian musa ukuhlawulela iinkonzo LCA kubasebenzi bayo. Iinkampani ezininzi baye bala ukuba zithathe inxaxheba kule program ngenxa meko ezinzima zoqoqosho. iindleko Abaqeshi ', ezithe wenza isivumelwano 08.01.2014 iinyanga ezili-12, wahlala ingaguqukanga. Kukho-14% kuphela iinkampani 1000 ihlolwe. Kodwa ke kukho iimeko. 2% kwe ngabaqeshi avavanywa awanciphisile iindleko VHI, enyusa ubukhulu abasebenzi. Bambalwa zikwazile ukuthethana isivumelwano kakuhle ngakumbi. Inxalenye oosomashishini kwanciphisa umsebenzi indleko yokususa inshorensi kwamazinyo. Enye 5% yeendleko abaphenduli zeenkampani kunyuke nge-5% ngenxa yeendleko nokunyuka yokhathalelo lwempilo.

Iingxaki Health Insurance eRashiya

Kweli nqanaba wophuhliso, kukho ubunzima ekusebenzeni kwenkqubo:

1. kwezimali zokuqhuba umsebenzi. Izinga lwangoku 3.6% ayiboneleli cula unyango nkqu abemi zokusebenza. Uninzi abadinga abadala, ukhathalelo kunye abantwana abakhubazekileyo. Utsalo abantu abangasebenziyo igqithiselwe kwi-mali karhulumente. Isiphumo ukwehliswa mali, ukusuka apho kuchaphazeleka ngokona ambulensi.
2. Ngezimali yabantu nonworking kwenzeka ngeendleko zeenkonzo sephepha, zempilo yengqondo kunye nokusetyenziswa gwenxa kweziyobisi. Kukho isoyikiso sokwenene umsantsa phakathi unyango kunye nothintelo.
3. Akukho model yokhuseleko olulodwa.
4. Ukungabikho kolwazi oluthembekileyo malunga ingeniso kunye nenkcitho ye-inshorensi yezempilo eRashiya.
5. Ubukho angahlawulwanga.

Ezi iingxaki ezinkulu-inshorensi yezempilo zikhona eRashiya ngalo mzuzu.

isiphelo

Enye iindlela zokukhusela intlalo yabantu - inshorensi yezempilo. ERashiya, iimpawu zayo ilala into yokuba iinkonzo ziyabonelelwa ezintathu. OMC ngezimali ngurhulumente, kodwa kwisakhelo yale program, umntu wamkela, zonke iintlobo zeenkonzo. amayeza yabucala ayifumaneki wonke. Ngoko ke, lo baseRashiya ezinezinto iinkonzo phantsi kwenkqubo ye-inshorensi ngokuzithandela. Ubhatale imali eyongezelelweyo, umntu uyakwazi ukukhetha umlamleli yakhe inkampani yeinshorensi, umthamo kweenkonzo, iintlobo zazo, kunye namaziko apho uya kufumana unyango.