Interesting izibakala nobomi Mozart. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Biography

Kweli nqaku, siza kukuxelela ezinye iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nobomi onjengokaMozart. Le Umqambi sele Inyange lokwenyani. Wazalwa ngo-1756,-27 Januwari, kwisixeko Salzburg. Ngexesha obu bomi bufutshane umqambi wakwazi ukubhala ezininzi iikonsathi, opera, symphony, sonatas (iimveliso ngaphezu kwama-600 ezahlukeneyo). ubuchule uMozart kaThixo ngokwenene ezininzi kunye nendawo. Kwimeko nganye kwezi zomculo apho wasebenza, wakwazi kwimpumelelo ibonwe. Umqambi Contemporary wamxelela ukuba wenza kwacaca kakuhle zomculo, kunye nayo i memory engakholelekiyo kunye indlebe egqibeleleyo. Noko ke, oku akuthethi ekupheleni iinyani ezinika umdla malunga nobomi onjengokaMozart. Sikhethe, ngokubona kwethu, eyona umdla kubo, uze ubacele ukuba ukwazi ezinye iinkcukacha ngobomi yale buchopho.

Kubungqondi lomculo yentsapho Mozart

yonke intsapho umqambi enkulu iye onesiphiwo musically. Ngokomzekelo, uyise, Leopold, wayedlala organ kunye ivayolin, kwakunye waba umqambi kwi entendelezweni uBhishophu Salzburg, wakhokela kwikwayara yecawa. Wabhala incwadi kunefidyoli, leyo ingqalelo ngexesha elinye zezifundo kakhulu kule sixhobo.

Le ndoda wafaka uthando umculo kunye nabantwana babo; nonyana, ngubani eqala ukudlala harpsichord kunye iminyaka emithathu, yaye kamva kakuhle kwenye ingxenye kunye ivayolin, kunye nentombi yakhe, ngubani na kwakhona umdlalo omkhulu harpsichord kunye nepiyano.

Koonyana ezisixhenxe, ababini kuphela abasalayo usapho Mozart, Wolfgang nodade wabo omdala.

leyo intsha

Umhlobo usapho, Shahtner uJohann Andreas, Salzburg inkundla trumpeter, waxelela eli bali ilandelayo, nekufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba zibandakanywe kwibali lethu "Inyaniso umdla nobomi Mozart." Xa Leopold uMozart kunye Shahtnerom weza endlwini yakhe waza wabona Wolfgang oselula (owayeneminyaka engama-4 kuphela ubudala) wabhala into ephepheni umculo. Nyana nkxu-inki, hayi kuphela iintsiba, kodwa iminwe. UMozart Jr. waxelela abadala ukuba abhale ikonsathi. Uyise wathabatha bengamabala sheet yangcola walila - ngoko yonke into ngocwangco umsebenzi wakhe.

OnjengokaMozart Bach

Xa inkwenkwe wayemalunga-8 ubudala, italente yakhe banconywa uJohann Christian Bach, unyana ka odumileyo uJohann Sebastian Bach. Izihlandlo eziliqela baqambe kunye esidlangalaleni: Bach watyala yingqondi kancinane ngamadolo wadlala Sonata kwi harpsichord kunye naye. Bach yadlala imivalo ezimbalwa, ezimbalwa - Mozart. Kwakubonakala ukuba isixhobo amandla imvumi - ngokungaguquki bahlabe duo. Amagcisa yadlala izandla amane sathetha okuninzi malunga nomculo.

Speech phakathi yokuHlawula

Wolfgang abe ngumntwana baya kwamanye amazwe. Ezi ohambo amalungiselelo uyise womntwana lowo, ukuba unyana wakhe wamnika iikonsathi zoluntu, ukuphulaphula iimvumi adumileyo kunye wafunda into entsha. ENetherlands, elinye lamazwe apho baye, balelwa ngqongqo ngexesha ngokuzila umculo. Noko ke, uMozart wenza umnyinyiva. Abefundisi babona italente yakhe, sisipho esivela kuThixo.

Opera for the uKhesare

Joseph II, umlawuli waseRoma, wayalela ukuba onjengokaMozart opera, xa lo mfana wayeneminyaka eli-12 kuphela ubudala. Yayibizwa ngokuba "simpleton ngengqondo 'yaye yenzelwe ukuba inkampani Italian. Umqambi Young waqamba umsebenzi kwiiveki nje ezimbalwa. Singers, Noko ke, akazange ayithande loo nto, ngoko Primiero opera zange zenzeke.

Umqambi, neengcibi

olunika umdla nobomi uMozart oxhulumene nje kuphela umsebenzi wakhe umculo. Lo mntu, umzekelo, waba Mason, yaye bazisa kwibhokisi kayise. Umqambi wabhala umculo ukuba inani kwezithethe Masonic, nkqu opera elaziwayo elibizwa ngokuba "The Magic nelembande" umxholo kule ntshukumo.

OnjengokaMozart Salieri

Xa hero webali yethu bade bacinge ukuba ahlekise Salieri. Waxelela umhlobo wakhe ukuba wenza into enjalo harpsichord, nto leyo nako ukwenza nawuphi na umntu ehlabathini, ngaphandle Mozart. Salieri wakhangela amanqaku, wathi mvumi entsha, kakhulu, ayikwazi ukukwenza, kuba izandla zombini kuya kufuneka ukuba enze ezi zicatshulwa zinzima, nangaphandle, kwiincam yezitshixo. Ngelo xesha ke kufuneka ukuba uthathe amanqaku ambalwa embindini. Ukuba lidlale unyawo, ebhalwe ungabi nako ukuzalisekisa, ekubeni imveliso ngokukhawuleza kakhulu ngokukhawuleza. Sinovuyo kakhulu, Mozart wahleka. Wahlala phantsi ipiyano yaye wenza lo msebenzi kanye njengoko kubonisiwe kumanqaku. A manqaku nose esimbaxa athathwa!

Constance, umfazi Mozart

Abarhola nobuchule imirhumo yenu endilisekileyo, Noko ke, Mozart, ogama engobomi maxa wambi azingqinelani, ngokufuthi kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuboleka imali nabahlobo bakhe. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, bafumana amawaka guilder (isixa ezisemagqabini ngaloo mihla) ukuba intsebenzo ekonsathini, wahlala yimali ngeeveki ezimbini. Umhlobo Mozart, umqambi owayezama ukuba, kukuqaphela akumangalisi ukuba ubungqondi zomculo akukho izitali, akukho lock, akukho bantwana milembelele okanye mistresses ezibizayo. "Kutheni na ukuba udinga imali?" - wabuza. UMozart waphendula ukuba ngenxa yokuba uye Constantia, umfazi. "Oku - umhlambi wam yamahashe nabaKhulisi, nqaba yam, iqela lam kids, sithandwa sam," - wathi umqambi.

ikhonsati complex

Mozart, ogama engobomi, kwakunye nazo zonke bokuhlela ukususela ebuntwaneni yabalasela ubungqina italente ekhethekileyo, wabhala ikonsathi yakhe yokuqala kwiminyaka emine. Yaba umsebenzi harpsichord. Kwakunzima kakhulu ukuba virtuosos yaseYurophu bekungenakuba ngonaphakade ukufeza nabani. Xa uyise wathabatha inkwenkwe kusekho irekhodi engagqitywanga, becaphula into yokuba oku, ngokokubona kwakhe, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukudlala ekonsathini enzima, uMozart wathi yonke le ubudenge. Ngapha koko, nkqu umntwana unako ukukwenza oko. Yena, umzekelo.

UMozart udlala ikati

Yonke ebuntwaneni le misebenzi mfana ngokulandelelana umculo nokwenziwa. Kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo baseYurophu eekonsathi ezininzi mihla Bonwabise ababukeli ukusuka phezulu zehlabathi; yena Ndandidlala amehlo akhe ivaliwe phezu clavier. Uyise kulo mzekelo egubungele ubuso yomntwana kunye itshefu. Kwakhona ivaliwe kunye keyboard, kodwa ngqondi ayifuni ukumelana umdlalo. ubuchule uMozart ngawo onke encomekayo. Eqongeni ekonsathini umqambi washiya ikati. Ke uMozart wayeka ukudlala yaye indulumbane kuye yonke ngokungxama. Elibele abaphulaphuli, waqala ukudlala kwezi zilwanyana. Waphendula ekukhaleni uyise yingqondi Itakane ukuba harpsichord enyanisweni nangoku akayi naphi, kwaye ikati ngoku ingasekho.

Ibali lika Marie Antoinette

Emva kokuba uMozart omncinane (Umqambi, leyo wachaza) kwenziwe kwibhotwe komlawuli, Marie Antoinette, lo neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa uselula, uye wagqiba ku n'wi kwikhaya kwakhe ubomi obutofotofo. Boy kwelinye lamagumbi wawa, n'ekiweebwayo phantsi. Ke neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa wanceda uMozart ukuba kuvuka. Waqaphela ukuba neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa uhlobo kuye. "Ndicinga ukuba ndiza ukutshata kuwe," - wathi mvumi. Waxelela lo kunina. UKumkanikazi wabuza ngoncumo i "umkhwenyana" omncinane kutheni wathi njalo. OnjengokaMozart wathi: "Ngenxa yombulelo."

intlanganiso uMozart kunye Goethe

nyaka-esixhenxe One uMozart wamnika e Frankfurt Ikonsathi. Kuye emva kwentetho wasondela inkwenkwana eneminyaka eli-14 ubudala. Yena adunyiswe umsebenzi wakhe, esithi ukuba akazange afunde obu buchule ngonaphakade, kuba kunzima kakhulu. I Wolfgang oselula wamangaliswa waza wambuza ukuba uzama ukubhala amanqaku. Umntu ekwenziwa udliwano-uthe hayi, kuba vesi kuphela ifike engqondweni. Emva koko uMozart waphendula: "Mhlawumbi, kunzima kakhulu ukuba babhale imibongo?" Lo mfana waphendula wathi, phezu koko, ngokulula kakhulu. Iqabane uMozart bajika Goethe.

Isizathu sokuba ukufa umqambi ngayo

De kube ngoku, imiba enokuphikiswa yaye unobangela wokufa yale umqambi enkulu. Ingxelo ngamayeza labonisa ukuba wabulawa samathambo Wolfgang, nto leyo nzima etsolo kwezintso okanye ukusilela intliziyo. Noko ke, abanye abagxeki bakholelwa ukuba wadliswa Antonio Salieri, okhuphisanayo yakhe. Kodwa ke isizathu sokukholelwa ukuba phakathi madoda mabini lungquzulwano, akukho nto ngokwenene kakhulu. Ngo-1997, nangona koko, kwiminyaka engama-200 emva kokufa Wolfgang, Milan awise isigwebo Salieri. Abaphandi iimvumi ezimbini, yaye oogqirha baye beva ngu Malamlela, owathi kamva walawula ukuba Salieri akazange unetyala lokuba afe umqambi odumileyo kaThixo.

Njengoko uMozart wangcwatyelwa?

Umqambi, nangona ngaphandle kokufaneleka kwayo yonke, kunye italente omkhulu wangcwatywa njenge wehlwempu. UMozart uhlala babekwa kwingcwaba eliqhelekileyo kunye nezinye nabizayo eziliqela. Kuyinto nangoku ayaziwa indawo ngqo ze yokungcwaba. Amangcwaba neepleyiti ngexesha elibekwe ezindongeni emangcwabeni, kungekhona engcwabeni. kwafika akukho namnye imini yomngcwabo ukuya emangcwabeni umqambi abahlobo bakhe. Andikwazanga ukuba kuthi ndlela-ntle kumyeni wakhe kunye nomhlolokazi lokugula onjengokaMozart. Nje phambi kwesango lomzi, iindwendwe wachitha umqambi omkhulu onjalo, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.

olunika umdla nobomi le ndoda iphele khona. Belapho kakhulu eninzi. Ezinye zazo ziye Enyanisweni, lo gama abanye ikharektha semi-kaHomer. Umdla malunga uMozart umdla kungekuphela iimvumi zobungcali abayithandayo yomsebenzi wakhe. Buchopho zisoloko ezinxulumene umdla kwalo. ubomi uMozart yaba elifutshane ixesha elide. Wazalwa ngo-1756 waza wafa ngo-Ngo1791, okt xa eneminyaka engama-35. Kodwa ngeli xesha wakwazi ukwakha ezininzi imisebenzi ongafiyo buchopho kakhulu nabasindileyo nombhali, leyo Mozart. Piano, violin, ऑप्टीमायझर isilungiseleli, nogwali - kuba zonke ezi zixhobo umqambi wadala imisebenzi emininzi ukuba yenziwa nangehlombe ezifunyenwe yi uluntu unanamhla.