Umqambi Saleri Antonio: engobomi, nokucinga. Antonio Salieri and Mozart

Name Antonio Salieri wayanyaniswe ngamandla ne uMozart kunye nokufa kwakhe. Kodwa le ndoda wayeyimvumi omkhulu, owabhala opera ngaphezulu kwama-40 waza wakhululwa ebomini inani elikhulu labafundi. Njengoko savela ubomi umqambi bakhe?

ebuntwaneni

Malunga neminyaka yokuqala yobomi bakhe wabhala ngokwakhe Salieri, eshiya unolayibrari wenkundla idayari ngqangi. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Agasti 18, 1750 kwidolophu encinane kufuphi Verona Legnago baby boy - Antonio Salieri. ngobomi bakhe ayizange obekulindelekile umendo zomculo. Usapho lwakhe eganiweyo kurhwebo, kodwa abantwana banikwa imfundo, kunye nobhuti, uAntonio, ngubani wafunda umculo, bafundisa izifundo zokuqala umqambi elizayo. Nangona kunjalo, lo idyll ntsapho ayizange ihlale ixesha elide. Xa lo mfana wayeneminyaka eli-13 ubudala, umama wakhe wasweleka. Emva koko ke zawa notata wakhe wafa, yaye abantwana ahluthwa zizalamane. ixesha elithile Salieri wayehlala yintsapho efumileyo eVenice kunye nabahlobo kayise. Bahlalele ukumnika imfundo zomculo kakhulu, njengoko ndambona amandla olungenamiqathango.

Ngengozi ishishini eVenice ngeli xesha kwafika Florian Gassmann, umqambi inkundla, umbexeshi * uKhesare Joseph II. Wabona Salieri utyekelo zomculo enkulu nayo kunye naye eVienna ukumnika imfundo efanelekileyo.

Ukuqalisa ubomi entsha Austria

Juni 15, 1766, uAntonio weza Vienna, eyaba ikhaya ngokwenene kuye. Ngapha koko, apha abe ukufezekisile udumo, baba ngubani uyinkosi. Gassman ngenzondelelo wathatha uqeqesho umfundi, wamcela ukuba ootitshala izifundo counterpoint wazinikela. Salieri wafunda ngeelwimi ezine, wafunda ukufunda umculo, ukudlala izixhobo zomculo eziliqela. Gassman wazama ukwenza Antonio abafundanga kuphela, kodwa umntu ehlabathini. Wafundisa kuye ngembeko, indlela yokuziphatha, ukukwazi ukuqhuba ingxoxo. Ekupheleni kubomi Salieri owayephila uthi ukuba mvumi abaninzi abafundiswa eVienna.

Gassman ungenise uTimoti kuluhlu zabantu zezona ngcali zinetalente yelo xesha. Nguye simazi Gluck Salieri, ngubani zibe nempembelelo ebalulekileyo ukuyilwa le mvumi. Kwakhona Maecenas laqalisa umfundi uMlawuli uYosefu, ngubani Wayevelana kulutsha onesiphiwo. Ummeli edume Habsburg wayeyoliswa kakhulu umculo kwaye wayezazi kakuhle kuyo, inkundla baseka workshop umculo, nto leyo yaba ukuba ayilunganga, kunye Salieri. Kuye ube iqonga ikamva umsebenzi wakhe ndiyincutshe enkundleni.

umsebenzi Musical

Saleri Antonio, besaphila eItali, waqalisa ukuba baqambe umculo, kodwa imisebenzi yobungcali malunga ukuthetha kuphela kwisithuba Viennese. Zokufuna mvumi waba umncedisi kwi umxhasi wakhe waza wafumana imiyalelo ezincinane ilungiselelo, ifakwe opera, ukubhala iziqwenga nendima. Kangangeminyaka engama-20 emva mfundi yomqambi sele waba mnye opera "abafazi abafundileyo", awawubhalayo kusetyenziswana ne Boccherini. Uye waba nempumelelo, kwaza oko kwabalelwa kuphela e Vienna kodwa ePrague. Kwakhona ngelo xesha, uAntonio waba yimbangi imisebenzi eziliqela instrumental. Kamva Salieri mdlalo ngu Boccherini wabhala enye opera ehlekisayo. Wakwazi ukuvakalisa ngokwabo bt kakhulu yimpumelelo, kwaye kamva umsebenzi wakhe nje phezulu.

Imisebenzi 'Fair Venice "," umninindlu "," Armida "Salieri ukuqinisekisa impumelelo oluzinzileyo udumo lonke elaseYurophu, opera yakhe" iYerusalem Sahlangulwa "uye wawungenakucetywa eSt Petersburg.

Ngowe-1774, wafa utitshala kunye abaxhasi Salieri - Florian Gassmann, kunye Antonio "ilifa" ndafumana indawo Kapellmeister yenkampani opera Italian kunye nendawo zegumbi umculo yomqambi. Kuba umfana iminyaka engama-24, kwaba uvale omkhulu umsebenzi. Kodwa ke inkonzo Inkundla ayizange ethembeke kakhulu, kwaye le mvumi wenza ukuziphilisa ngokubhala zokusingatha opera ndawo zemidlalo ezahlukeneyo eYurophu. Ngoko ke, ngo-1778 yokubonela odumileyo "La Scala", yakhiwa emva umlilo e Milan, wavula ixesha opera Salieri.

Umqambi wasebenza nzima baxhasa kubaphulaphuli yanamhlanje, kodwa naye waba nomdla ukulungiswa opera, leyo Gluck. Waze wabhalela imisebenzi emininzi kwaye ebalulekileyo, ukuphuhlisa glyukovskie sikhundla.

Kule 80 ezininzi Salieri kunye ibiba yokubonela izindawo "Comédie Française" kunye Opera Theatre. Wadala lo opera "Tarar" kwi mdlalo edume Beaumarchais, esele eyaziwa ngokubanzi, edunyiswa kakhulu abagxeki kwaye kwaba nefuthe elibaluleke kakhulu yonke umculo yaseYurophu.

Ngowe-1788, Saleri Antonio wamiselwa Kapellmeister kwinkundla kaYosefu II. Yaba ngumqondiso sovavanyo aphezulu merit italente umqambi. Wakwazi ukuba ndihlale enkundleni Habsburgs kunye ngookumkani emibini elandelayo. umsebenzi wakhe courtly Salieri kugqitywa ngo-1824, xa impilo kuphinda avunyelwe ukuba enze imisebenzi.

Ngexesha lakhe, umqambi wabhala opera 40, iikonsathi inani elikhulu imisebenzi nendima umculo yokomoya gumbi.

Salieri umzamo ngemali eyanikwa ukulondolozwa kunye nokuphakanyiswa kwelifa okudala injinga wakhe - Florian Gassmann, yena nayo inxaxheba kwimfundo intombi yakhe, wakhula i njengemvumi obalaseleyo kweqonga operatic kuzo.

imisebenzi emikhulu

Ukuba ujonga umqambi ngempumelelo kunye nemveliso kwimbali umculo, omnye wabo yi Antonio Salieri, albhamu imisebenzi ezifumaneka kuwo onke amathala eencwadi umculo Europe. opera Bakhe namhlanje kuqhubeka ukubaleka, kunye nendalo ezininzi Umqambi ezintsha ngexesha layo, ebavumela ukuba bafowunele inyathelo yokuzivelela ehlabathini somculo. Imisebenzi Okubaluleke kakhulu Saleri Antonio zezi "Tarar" Opera, "Danaus", "Ukumkani Aksur yase Hormuz," "Falstaff" yaye "Requiem" yaye amanye gumbi.

umsebenzi wokufundisa

Ukongezelela ngokubhala isebenza umgudu omkhulu Saleri Antonio ukuba ukusebenza kunye nabafundi. Wadala indlela yakhe kulungiselelwa iimvumi, ulwalamano lwakhe kunye Trust na engqondweni nasemoyeni. abafundi Famous of Antonio Salieri - Liszt, uBeethoven, Czerny, Meyerbeer, Schubert. Bebonke ke wavelisa malunga ezintandathu iimvumi elinesibini - abaqambi kunye neemvumi.

Antonio Salieri and uMozart: abahlobo okanye iintshaba?

Intsomi malunga ukubulawa onjengokaMozart yaba isiqalekiso lokwenene Salieri. Gossip uvele kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ubomi umqambi bakhe, wamphuthuma kuye de kwasekufeni kwakhe. Inkolelo waba kwemidlalo, kuquka ngenxa processing abanetalente zoncwadi Pushkin kunye likaSchaeffer, kwaye kwinkulungwane yama-20 kunye M. Forman. Kodwa ke kucacile ukuba kude kakhulu amabali etsomo. Salieri ibiba Mozart, waqhuba ukusebenza imisebenzi yakhe. Baye ke ukuvala abahlobo, kodwa eninzi akuthethi, kunye Salieri akazange abe nasiphi na isizathu ukumbulala, kuba ngexesha lokudla kwakhe waba kakhulu ngempumelelo ngaphezulu kwe Mozart.

ubomi Private umqambi

Kubomi eziqhelekileyo, Salieri, uAntonio waba yimpumelelo njengokuba kwi zokudala. Ngowe-1775 yena wavuka utshatile kwaye wahlala ngokonwaba bonke ubomi bakhe mfazi wabiza uthando lwakhe eziphambili. Ke wayenabantwana 8. umfazi Theresa wafa kwiminyaka eli-18 ngaphambilana Salieri, waza wawukhumbula kude kube sekupheleni kobomi bakhe.