Ipotaziyam Iamoniyam - into ityhefu asetyenziswe iMbonakalo-ngqo yoBume

Ipotaziyam Iamoniyam (kukanye IUPAC nokuhlelwa - Iamoniyam potassium) - ziikristale ngaphandle umbala ivumba; e ezicukucezwe zancinane zuza emhlophe. Le nto iye incasa elitsarhayo ekrakra, ayityhefu. Ipotaziyam Iamoniyam enyibilikayo kakhulu izinyibilikisi ezininzi, ezifana namanzi, ethanol, kunye amyl utywala.

indawo yolwamkelo

Umchiza yalungiselelwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa imichiza, iyayahlula ukusuka kwimithombo yendalo (igazi kunye namathe of people) - iyabiza kakhulu. Ukuze nokulungelelanisa le Iamoniyam potassium, kuyimfuneko ukuba mix izisombululo ze ammonium Iamoniyam kunye potassium hayidroksayidi (igama eliqhelekileyo - hayidroksayidi potassium).

Linga lwaqhutywa phantsi hood, kuba ammonia kunokubangela ukutsha imichiza ubuthi; ngoko product yesisombululo okuhlamba iye ngumphunga namasalela ukunika ziikristale lwento oyifunayo. Xa imveliso imveliso pesenti asixhenxe Iamoniyam isampulu ecocekileyo ezaneleyo, le ndlela iphumelela kakhulu.

Enye indlela sulphur exutyiweyo ne potassium benqanda, kodwa inkqubo enjalo kuba ukulungiselela potassium Iamoniyam kakhulu yingozi ngenxa ubuthi ophezulu benqanda.

isicelo

Iamoniyam esebenzayo potassium, avela yawo, kunye nezisombululo nokuqwalaselwa ezahlukeneyo amacandelo ezimbalwa. Umzekelo:

• noshishino lwempahla eyolukiweyo.
• Negative.
• yokuqaphela Organic.
• umthombo othenjiweyo.

Iindawo zosetyenziso

1. Kushishino lwamalaphu kweli. isisombululo potassium Iamoniyam osetyenziswa Nosipho zomzimba, umz - neyesilika, ngexesha isicelo nokuphatha ukulondoloza iimpawu yokuqala eziphathekayo.
2. In organic wamazwi. Ukusuka potassium Iamoniyam kuhlanganiswa ezinye izinto eziphilayo, ezifana thiourea, yioli lwemostade eyenziweyo kunye nedayi ezahlukeneyo. Kwakhona efunyenwe ngoncedo kwezinye thiocyanates, umz - Iamoniyam-2 zezobhedu.
3. Xa ifildi yodibaniso, isisombululo potassium Iamoniyam isetyenziselwa nokumiselwa ukuse- nentsimbi trivalent kulo mbandela. Umzekelo imifanekiso zisabela, obuquka potassium Iamoniyam kunye chloride-3, ekwabizwa ngokuba 'igazi namanzi ", ferric apho purplish-ebomvu potassium hexacyanoferrate 3; igama eliqhelekileyo - ebomvu ityuwa igazi. Thiocyanates kwakhona esetyenziselwa ukwahlukana zesinyithi ezinqabileyo ezifana thorium kunye lanthanum. Iamoniyam, potassium chloride kunye ijeli mva kunceda ekuvelisweni igazi ngumntu ngenxa kinosomok, kodwa le ndlela iya ngasendleleni ngenxa yokwaziswa kwemveliso umboniso ye computer.
4. Kwezolimo, ukususela izisombululo wafumana Thiocyanates zinambuzane olomeleleyo. Kukho reactions ezimbini:

• Okokuqala - ukufumana thiocyano igesi ngokususa potassium ityuwa; Rodan yigesi kuyingozi kakhulu ukuba zonke izinto eziphilayo kwaye kunqabile kusetyenziswa.
• Okwesibini - dutywa potassium Iamoniyam, nesigxina zakhutshwa ngexesha haydrolisis tsianovodorodnoy acid kunye namachibi onesiphumo kweziyobisi ku cyanogen. Umbala oluhlaza - akukho ngaphantsi ezingenabungozi, kodwa igesi nangaphezulu xa kuthelekiswa Rodan, yaye ngenxa yoko isoloko isetyenziswa zinambuzane.

Ipotaziyam Iamoniyam lulwelo yityhefu idiphu ebulalayo malunga 0.9 iigrem kweziyobisi kwekilogram ubunzima bomzimba nganye kwamalungiselelo yomlomo ezimbaxa.

ukufumaneka

potassium Iamoniyam zingathengwa naziphi na iikhemikhali evenkileni, kodwa kunyuswa kancinci ngenxa yokuba ubungozi kunokuba phezulu. Ixabiso angumndilili reagent - engange ezine kilogram nganye, kuthengiswa becala aziphelelanga iikhilogram ezimbini kumntu ngamnye.

yokhuseleko

Ngenxa yokudla yayo, potassium Iamoniyam kufuneka zigcinwe kwiimeko ezizodwa ngokungqinelana nemigaqo yokhuseleko yokuphatha izinto eziyityhefu:

1. Ziikristale kunye nezisombululo ze potassium Iamoniyam akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo tapeworm kunye ukungena ezingathandekiyo kakhulu kwezisombululo kunye xi eliphezulu into esisiseko nolusu.
2. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba ichiza yityhefu kuphela xa isicelo umsebenzi ngaphakathi kunye nomongo kuyimfuneko irabha iiglavu lab ingubo, yaye, njengoko zonke iikhemikhali kwiimfuno ezisisiseko zokhuseleko.
3. Kuyimfuneko ekwahluleni izinto abantwana kunye nabantu abangenazo ulwazi yamagcisa njengoko kunokubangela iziganeko angazithandiyo kunye nelahleko wezenzi, kakubi, kunye nokufa ngesiquphe.
4. Ekubeni into nonflammable kwaye uzinzile ngokwaneleyo emoyeni, sinako ukulawula into yokugcina ebumnyameni. yokugcina owomileyo. Kuphephe ukufuma eliphezulu kwaye kwelanga ngqo, njengoko enokwenzeka ngenxa ukonakala kweendlela reagent yokubola iinxalenye zayo candelo. Kwakhona standard NFPA 704 zokuphawula orthorhombic ine simboli zilandelayo: 3 0 0 W, apho 3 (a ilozenji blue) - zinetyhefu, 0 (ngokuba ebomvu natyheli) - LINGATSHA kunye reactivity, kunye W - uphawu ukuzamazamana ngamanzi, ephuma thiocyanic acid enetyhefu.

Kwaye khumbula, imifuniselo chemical - oko iyamangalisa kwaye unique, kodwa ulikhathalele ukhuseleko!