Isikolo Milesian zefilosofi kunye nabameli yayo engundoqo

Formation of bulumko yaMandulo yamaGrike kwenzeka ngenkulungwane yesithandathu neyesihlanu phambi kukaKristu. Ngeli xesha kukho "izazi" abazama ukuqoqosha oko waxelela ziintsomi zamandulo. Kukholelwa ukuba uphuhliso kule nkqubo ngenxa yokuba abangakwaziyo kurhwebo noshishino oluntu, nto leyo eye yaba ngumzabalazo amandla kunye ebukhosini mihlaba kwaye uye uhlobo yedemokrasi karhulumente, ukuphuhlisa inqubo yabo. Xa engcanjini yalo 'ongenalwazi kwaye ezizenzekelayo "ukucinga ekuthiwa-school Milesian-bulumko.

Ngokwemveli, umseki oku kuthathwa inabe. Wayephila ekupheleni yesixhenxe kunye kwisiqingatha sokuqala BC ngenkulungwane yesithandathu. Inabe ayekholelwa ukuba zonke izinto abe nesiqalo eqhelekileyo. Wababiza amanzi. Oku nje elulwelo okanye nenye into. Kwelinye icala, amanzi ngenxa sobulumko - imeko apho "ophethe" ihlabathi lethu, oko kukuthi, i-Earth. Kwelinye - isengqiqweni, "uThixo." ihlabathi liphela ngokwemigaqo kwicala umnyibilikisi, leyo kamva waziwa ngokuba isikolo Milesian-bulumko, ezele imiphefumlo. Last phantse ilingane oothixo, kwaye zingena emzimbeni ukuze umthombo uphuhliso lwabo ngokwengqondo. Kwakhona Water inabe idlala indima enkulu kakhulu obunzulu. Kuba yonke into kungancitshiswa ukuya phezulu enye, nto leyo isisiseko sayo yonke ulwazi. Kwaye indima kule ukhangelo ukhetho lobulumko kwaye ichanekile.

Yini enye abameli yesikolo Milesian-bulumko? Siyayazi Anaximander, owayelifundela inabe. Siyazi igama umsebenzi wakhe, nto leyo kuthiwa "On Nature". Kungenxa yoko le nto iinkcuba yamandulo eGrisi ehamba emkhondweni wakhe, ukuba beze ukuchaza njengoko zobulumko zendalo. Anaximander waba ngowokuqala ababeze kwisigqibo ukuba isiseko yezinto zonke ayikwazi kuba nantoni na ethile, kodwa into iquka konke, engaphele ndawo, ngonaphakade ezihambayo. Wabiza le udidi "apeiron". isikolo Milesian nefilosofi ebusweni Anaximander nokuba abeke phambili ingcamango yokuba umntu ivele emhlabeni ngenxa yokuba izinto zazivelela. Noko ke, uthi na ukungabi kakhulu. -Sobulumko babekholelwa ukuba umntu wokuqala wazalelwa buthathu esiswini sentlanzi enkulu, ohlume kuzo. Kwaye ngoko waphuma phandle waza lubekhona ngokwayo, ukuqhubeka usapho lwabo.

isikolo Milesian of bulumko kakhulu nomdla imvelaphi kunye ngokusekelwe ubukho kunye nobomi, oko kukuthi ontology. Ndi umdali "Apeiron" Anaximenes wabuyela incazelo umgaqo enye bonke. Lowo ingqalelo ukuba lo moya. Ngapha koko, yena - elingenammiselo kwaye enyanyeni kuzo zonke ezine izinto ezaziwayo. Ukuze othile, uRhazes walandela utitshala wakhe, njengoko kumiselwe yi emoyeni "apeyros" - beskochechny. Kwaye phezu kwiipropati zalo kukuba Anaximander wabona, oko kukuthi ngonaphakade, intshukumo rhoqo kunye ndlela leyi. Ngaloo ndlela, "Apeiron" - na umgangatho womoya, kunokuba into enye. Secebo inabe, Anaximenes wabona umthombo wakhe wokuqala izinto hayi nje nto, kodwa hlambi. Le yokugqibela uneempawu ngakumbi "moya" - ayikho ungowomhlaba kwanjengokuba umzimba, yaye ngoko olunokudala ukwakha entsha enkulu. Ngoko, nantso isikolo Milesian-bulumko. Ngokufutshane echaza ezisisiseko bemiqathango yawo. Nangona kunjalo, oko akuthethi iphele le abameli abathathu balo imbali yesikolo. eziphambili, amalungiselelo ayo angundoqo bulumko bavela kwesinye isixeko e Asia Minor, -Efese. Eli Heraclitus odumileyo. Washwankathela zonke iingcamango imvelaphi kunye Milesians eyaziswa intetho yenzululwazi le elide esiyisebenzisayo namhlanje. Oku "logo". Nguye lo ilitye lesiseko ezibaluleke kakhulu ebomini kunye nenjongo lonke ulwazi. Ngaloo ndlela Heraclitus ukholelwa ukuba nangona bonke abantu afanelekileyo, ukuqonda eliphezulu "uLogos" alinikwa bonke. Lo mgaqo ixhaswa ekubeni, kodwa ke ngumfuziselo eziphathekayo emlilweni. Emva koko kuphuma, ngoko libunile, kuba konke okusehlabathini idlule. Akusoze efanayo, kodwa umahluko. Yonke into yenziwa ephikisanayo eziyiphumela nje kuphela, kodwa ukuba baxhasane. Umphefumlo womntu naye wayephuma umlilo ekhethekileyo, kunye nelogo yayo iyodwa - iyakwazi self-ukuphuhlisa. Namagama kukhona sisinika yomthetho, eyenziwe ngabantu, njengoko ufuna ukugcina umyalelo kuyo yonke indawo.