IStreptococcus - ntoni na? iintlobo streptococci

Abaninzi baye beva malunga ubukho kukho usuleleko streptococcal , nkqu nayo nazo. Kodwa bambalwa kakhulu abantu babecinga ntoni throat, yintoni na? Kodwa ukwazi iimpawu ubomi kunye nomsebenzi lotshaba - oko isiqingatha uloyiso. Streptococci ukwenza eziphilayo inzululwazi. Kuyo, njengokuba mntu ukwenye intsimi ulwazi, oluninzi amagama antsonkothileyo ziyabhidisa. Kweli nqaku siza kuzama ulwimi lula ukuthetha into iStreptococcus eyingozi nguwo kunokuba nokuba kuyimfuneko ukujongana nayo yaye iindlela uthomalaliso yenziwe.

"Portrait" ye sisidleleli

Abantu yonke imihla kunye umzuzu zonke abajongene amawaka ezincinane, leyo kuqwalaselwa kuphela phantsi ngemicroscope. A ummeli ebalulekileyo yale ngxokolo omkhulu lweentshulube kunye iStreptococcus. Yintoni na, mhlawumbi, nabani na? Hlobo luni eziphilileyo, ukuba sithwalwe ngazo? Makhe siqale ukusuka ekuqaleni.

Streptococci - kukho iintsholongwane ukuba uhlobo amaso ezincinane eqala embindini ukuya ku 0.5 eh. Ball - intsholongwane iseli enye kwaye yonke eziphilayo. Bamba streptococci izibini ezibini, okanye amaqela, sinxulumene kwikhonkco. Bona fixed ngokupheleleyo kuba akukho isiliya okanye imisila, okanye misila. Hambisa kuphela kukungenelela ngaphandle, umz, ngokuthi ukukhohlela kunye nomoya kwemali. Kanye kule ndawo entsha, iintsholongwane iStreptococcus phantse nangoko uqalisa phinda. Ikwenza oku kwiyantlukawano seli elula. Ubume kweeseli yawo olunjalo bayila ekuthiwa-L-form (m. E. Phantse ngaphandle iseli eludongeni). Le propati lwenkohliso ebangela permeability ekukhanyeni pathogen ngokusebenzisa lokucoca bacteria kunye ubuntununtunu ephantsi kakhulu iziyobisi. Ukuze ngcono "ukubonana" kunye ummeli yehlabathi ezincinane ezifana iStreptococcus (oko kukuthi, sele kuxoxwa), siya dwelisa iimpawu ebonakalayo. Ngoko ke ezi zilwanyana zezi:

- anaerobic (.. Ie phelisa ngokugqibeleleyo kunye oksijini);

- gram (eli gama libhekisela ukuba ubunzima, kwaye imibala iintsholongwane yi indlela Igram Scientist) - Le propati isetyenziselwa ukuxilonga izifo;

- chemoorganotrophic (ifidi organic);

- asporogenous (awakhi spores);

- ekumfimfitheni.

Iinkalo ezithile zobomi

Xa abantu kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala streptococci ezinkulu irhorho kwisisu ngomlomo, nasopharynx, isisu, Amathumbu amakhulu, kodwa ungakwazi ngegazi okanye ezinye iindlela ukuba bangene nawuphi na umbutho kwaye uqale apho umsebenzi izifo. Ngaphezu koko, streptococci zibe kwimeko yethu, ezifana nothuli, nawuphi na umgangatho, isikhohlela, ubovu sisidala. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba izinambuzane benza L-imilo kunye ezifana abakhuselekanga, yokuzifumana kunzima. Ezi bacterium nako ukusinda engqeleni, "abambelele" imizuzu engama-30 kubushushu ukuya ku 55 degrees, kunye nezisombululo ze chloride mercuric kunye carboxylic acid ukubabulala imizuzu eli-15 kuphela. Kodwa kukho iintlobo streptococci nemida sasisenamandla ngakumbi. Imvuthuluka ezomisiweyo ubomvu, isikhohlela (ezomisiweyo kwaye fresh), zonke iintlobo silwanyana inokuphila ngonaphakade. Kodwa ke eyona esebenzayo kwezi kwamagciwane kuba kwiqondo lobushushu kokugquma ^ka 37 C kunye pH kufutshane cala okanye awana (amaxabiso ukusuka 6.9 ukuya 7.6). Ukuze uqaphele, amanzi lobushushu gumbi pH-7, kwaye ngamathe sesininzi abantu pH 7-7,4, oko kukuthi, ukuba efanelekileyo ukwenzela uphuhliso kwezi streptococci. fecundity Ingakumbi olukhulu iintsholongwane umboniso, ukuba awela eliphakathi equlathe igazi, serum igazi, iswekile, ngokuba kukudla zabo abazithandayo. Apho ngokukhawuleza kukhule ngamathanga ezinkulu. Ukuba ufake iintlobo ezahlukeneyo iStreptococcus kwi agar egazini (ngokukodwa, isisombululo equlathe igazi kwezinye izilwanyana), ezinye zazo ayiyi ukutshintsha umbala we agar, abanye benza ngeenxa ngamathanga zabo ezihanjiswayo zone erythrocyte dissociation (hemolysis), i "ukuhombisa 'indawo yesithathu kwikhompyutha eluhlaza. Xa iimeko ngaphantsi ochumileyo kubo (umz, uthuli) ithanga streptococci kakhulu ezincinane (2,5 mm) ukuyiphatha imbonakalo badla egudileyo, maxa wambi rhabaxa, ezenziwe iyakhanya. Xa ulwelo Cya izama ukuhlala kwi emithanjeni okanye emazantsi, ewushiya eliphakathi ngaphaya ngokwayo.

Le ngozi inkulu ukusuka iStreptococcus kukuba zikhupha iityhefu eziyingozi kakhulu ezibangela ityhefu umzimba kwixhoba, yaye oku kunokukhokelela ekufeni.

Yintoni le streptococci

Kukho ukuhlelwa eziliqela eyamkelekileyo. Ngokutsho Brown kunye Shottmyulleru, wonke umkhosi streptococci yahlulwe ngamaqela 3 eziphambili:

1. Hemolytic.

2. viridans.

3. I-non-hemolytic.

Eyona eyingozi ke iStreptococcus hemolytic, kodwa hayi bonke bephela izifo. Ngelo xesha phakathi azinabungozi ezingezo-hemolytic kukho kakhulu gazi "kakhulu".

Ngenxa yobunzima yokuhlela yaphakanyiswa ekumiseleni iStreptococcus ingozi. Kwathi ngokuzimeleyo Rebecca Lensfild kunye Frederick Griffith. Bona isiseko kwasuswa isakhiwo antigenic iintsholongwane, ngenxa leyo bohlulwa iintlobo 17 okanye amaqela, luchazwa ngegama Latin. Okokuqala - A streptococci, le yesibini, le C wesithathu, D yesine njalo njalo, de iqela S-streptococci. Kuba abantu abane zokuqala ezingemnandi. Makhe sihlolisise ngokweenkcukacha iqale ngokuphendula umbuzo: "Group A iStreptococcus - ntoni na," Kutheni kuye? Okokuqala, ngokuba kuqala kuluhlu, yaye okwesibini, kungenxa yokuba ezimfimfitha kakhulu ayingozi ebangela umntu abe "isipha" izifo. Ke ...

Group A streptococci

Bacterium eli qela nje kuphela eyingozi kakhulu, kodwa ke kakhulu ezininzi. Nje indoda yafunyanwa iintlobo 53 kwezi Cya, 49 kubo ngamalungu eli qela le A. Bona afumaneka phecana yokuphefumla, umlomo, amathumbu, angasese, nangoncedo igazi apho izinambuzane ndzulu ngokulula kakhulu kutshintshelwa nayiphi na inxalenye emzimbeni kunye naluphi na umzimba. Elinye igama le ntsholongwane - neArcanobacterium iStreptococcus, oko kukuthi streptococci pyogenic. Yintoni na? eliguqulelwe ngokuthi "ubofu" Ekubeni pyon Greek. Ukusuka isihloko kucacile ukuba streptococci ebangela isifo pyogenic, ekhatshwa ubovu ndiyenza (usulelo ubovu). Akubalulekanga nje iimpawu zazo eziyingozi. amagciwane ezinjalo emva kokunikezela bandiqumbise iingxaki isifo engundoqo - samathambo kunye glomerulonephritis etsolo (nomonakalo wezintso). Eyona iphambili uphawu lonke iqela A streptococci kuba phambi kwiindonga zabo iseli ye M protein, yaye kwenzeka kwiiyantlukwano 80. Le into sikhusela streptococci ngu ziiphagocytes ezikhoyo egazini labantu, ukuba nidle umzimba langaphandle. Ukongeza, iqela pathogen ummeli A philisi kuwakhusela ziiphagocytes. Ezi mpawu morphological of streptococci "unetyala" kwi yokuba umntu ukuba ebegula kunangaphambili, avelise amandla okukwazi kuphela uhlobo amaphelo edale sifo. Loo nto ukuba nomqala wakho obuhlungu wabangela iStreptococcus-M1 protein, amajoni omzimba iya kuba nje iintsholongwane pathogen M2 iproteni ayisekho, nto leyo ethetha ukuba ungaphinda angina abagulayo. Amanani kulo mzekelo, amisele uhlobo izibopho kwiproteni.

iStreptococcus Hemolytic: yintoni

Igama elithi "hemolytic" kuthetha ukutshabalalisa iiseli igazi. Ukuba Parasite hemolysis epheleleyo (ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo zonke iiseli igazi ngeenxa), ibizwa ngokuba beta-hemolytic. Phantse onke amalungu amaqela emine yokuqala (A, B, C, D) lusekiwe kwaye. Bakufikise zifo zilandelayo:

• umqala obuhlungu;
• fever ebomvu;
• I nazo;
• impetigo (isifo sesikhumba);
• endocarditis infective;
• mathumba (isisu, ubuchopho);
• meningitis, nokudumba lweentsana;
• postrodovoy nokudumba;
• izifo ezahlukeneyo kwenkqubo genitourinary.

Kukwakho iStreptococcus alpha-hemolytic. Yintoni na? Oku kuyafana hemolytic iStreptococcus (zelenyaschy), kuphela ibe utshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu ngokuyinxenye. Kusenokwenzeka kubonakale ukuba olu hlobo akanangozi. Enyanisweni, ibangela izifo ezinobungozi ezifana:

• amathumba peritoneal nobuchopho;
• periodontitis;
• endocarditis infective;
• pneumonia;
• meningitis.

Ezi streptococci, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, uyakwazi ukutshintsha umbala eliphakathi obomvu noluhlaza.

Kukho gamma-hemolytic iStreptococcus. Yintoni na? Ngoko wabiza amagciwane nto ukutshabalalisa iiseli ezibomvu zegazi kwaye musa ukutshintsha ngeenxa zonke kuye agar eliphakathi (njalo-ebizwa non-hemolytic). Kodwa kunokubangela eziliqela izifo:

• endocarditis infective;
• sinusitis;
• wosulelo amanxeba.

throat

Ngokubanzi, umqala obuhlungu - ingqiqo ebanzi, kuthetha nawuphi na umqala obuhlungu. Oku kunokubangelwa kuphela iStreptococcus, kodwa ezinye Iintsholongwane wentsholongwane egazini kunye amagciwane. Makhe sithethe ukuba benze ntoni xa uchonge throat umqala, yintoni na nendlela ukuba ngokuphosakeleyo kunye uxilongo, kuba ichaphazela indlela zonyango. bewazi echanekileyo unokwenza kuphela ngugqirha esekelwe kwiziphumo zohlalutyo ekuzakuqalwa (smear). Yena wayephethwe swab engenazintsholongwane ukusuka emqaleni. Ukongeza, kukho ezimbini uvavanyo ngokukhawuleza, kodwa smear inembe kakhulu. Angosuleleka ngomqala streptococcal obuhlungu kunokuba kuphela wadibana isigulane, ukuba ngaba awuzithathi rhoqo amanyathelo. Iimpawu eziphambili zezi:

• umqala obuhlungu, ingakumbi xa ukuginya;
• ubushushu;
• ubuthathaka jikelele, kuthibaza;
• iindawo wesibeleko buhlungu;
• nokudumba mucosal;
• ezimhlophe okanye ubovu uqweqwe kwi tonsils nasemqaleni;
• kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, iintlungu esiswini.

Isifo ne unyango ekunene ithatha iintsuku ukuya ku-5. Amayeza kufuneka zikhethwe ngendlela eya awehlelwa izintso kunye namalungu.

Kaninzi amisele antibiotics kwizigulane ngomlomo, kwaye kwiimeko ezizodwa kwesikhumba. Ukunciphisa isipreyi isibetho emqaleni okanye gargle kusetyenziswa ebulala, broths imipha, umxube nesoda yokubhaka.

Ehlabathini iimpawu ezifanayo umqala obuhlungu, icesina nebomvu zibandakanya kuphela xa sifo idityaniswa irhashalala punctulate ebomvu yonke umzimba, okubangelwa ubuthi streptococcal. fever ebomvu njenge uphawu waphawula "ulwimi istrawberry" (kunye ukutyabeka emhlophe kunye papillae obomvu). Unyango efanayo naleyo echazwe ngasentla.

isifo sesikhumba Streptococcal

Ezinye oogqirha wathumela izigulane ukuba zihlolelwe throat CPR. Yintoni na? Ewe, zonke iintsholongwane efanayo cocci. Lungisa le kholi qela iStreptococcus SPP. Oku kuquka streptococci eqhelekileyo pyogenic, ezo unobangela izifo ezininzi, ngokunjalo iStreptococcus pneumoniae, ibangela inyumoniya, i-meningitis, iphika, usulelo igazi, yaye mutans iStreptococcus, onoxanduva yidityaniso kunye endocarditis.

Kuba zezikhumba streptococcal ziquka impetigo kunye erysipelas.

Isifo lokuqala ukuba pyogenic streptococci A-qela. Ngokuqhelekileyo, oko kudla kubonwa ebantwaneni, ukuba engathotyelwa nemigangatho yezempilo. Streptococci rhoqo phezu eluswini abantu kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Apho "abahlobo, unobunyulu" (uhlambe izandla, wenze ukucoca rhoqo manzi), kunye ulusu azo. Kwaye apho ucoceko na Akulungile, iStreptococcus bahlala eluswini gqolo kunye nonxunguphalo encinane, kuquka imikrwelo ukukhanya ukulunywa izinambuzane, ukungena kwi umaleko ongama. Iimpawu ze impetigo zezi yabangxamayo yalula ehlabathini impumlo, imilebe, yaye kunqabile kakhulu kwezinye iindawo zomzimba. Ngelo kwinqanaba lokuqala, ezi amanxeba kufuneka indlela maqhuqhuva ezibomvu (papules), apho kamva ziguqulwa zibe vesicles ubovu (namadyungudyungu) uqhume owomileyo bulubhelu ukwenza soma. Phatha impetigo ne antibiotics.

Ubuso kwakhona ukuba streptococci pyogenic. Isifo kwenzeka ngenxa kwii-iintsholongwane kungena inyama ongama. Ubangela - ephule ezahlukeneyo ukuthembakala eluswini, ukususela ukucuthwa iluma sinambuzane. zimpawu:

• ububomvu, isisa, iindumbisa kummandla ochaphazelekayo yesikhumba;
• Ukugodola;
• umkhuhlane.

Enye yezona zinto engasi ngezifo na amathuba likakade kwiminyaka emininzi emva ibonakale unyango.

pneumonia

Esi sifo iintlobo eziliqela, kuxhomekeka gciwane. inyumoniya Streptococcal - omnye kakhulu yingozi. Ibizwa ngokuba kwii kwi emiphungeni iStreptococcus Pneumoniae. Uyakwazi ukufumana usulelo, ukuphefumla umoya, equlethe iintsholongwane izifo. Inyumoniya iqala ngesiquphe, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha uphuhliso yayo ngokuthe ngcembe. zimpawu:

• umkhuhlane;
• ukukhohlela;
• ubuhlungu esifubeni;
• ukuphelelwa umoya;
• umkhuhlane;
• ubovu exudate (ubofu sokuzuza emiphungeni) - inkqubo ivame kakhulu ukwandisa, kwaye ukuba amanyathelo engxamisekileyo engasetyenziswa, ekukhanyeni kwakhiwa spikes.

X-reyi kwafunyaniswa inyumoniya, kwakunye novavanyo yokumpompoza yesikhohlela. Ukuphathwa elwa corticosteroids, njengoko umthetho, kufuna indlela ebanzi. therapy isidweliso eyenziwe ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo kuphela! Ngaphandle konyango olufanelekileyo yinyumoniya amaxesha ebulalayo.

IStreptococcus agalactia: yintoni

Neqela A iStreptococcus, siya ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi sezilungisiwe. Makhe sithethe ngezinto gazi kwiqela B. Bona ezichongiweyo kuqala ngokufunda imastitis in iinkomo. Kamva kwafunyaniswa ukuba ezi ntsholongwane ezibangela kwiimvuthuluka azalwe kuphela meningitis kwaye septicemia, ngethuba oonina - nokudumba puerperal. Zilwanyana ogama iStreptococcus agalactiae (in Russian - "iStreptococcus agalactia"). Yintoni na? Impendulo: oko intsholongwane ayingozi kakhulu ezikhokelela mhlawumbi ekufeni okanye iingxaki ezinzulu. imizimba yabo (iseli eludongeni) iqulathe polysaccharides capsular, yokugqibela - ukwahluka-9. Ngako oko, kukho 9 iStreptococcus agalactia serotypes. Ukuze ukugqiba ngokuchanileyo yeyiphi sabulala yokugula, tirhisa uvavanyo KWINKAMPU. Ufinyezo - yinto nje oonobumba kwamagama izazinzulu inxaxheba kweli phephancwadi.

Ngenxa yokuba abathile ukubandakanyeka iingxaki ezithile kuvela ukuhlela. Ngoko ke, thatha, umzekelo, iqela iStreptococcus B. Yintoni na? Ewe, into enye iStreptococcus agalactia. Ngawo la amagama amabini iintsholongwane efanayo. Group B streptococci na imilo nokuba elimbhoxo okanye angqukuva. Zazo eziphambili "yokuhlala" - inkqubo enzala yabantu. iintsholongwane Newborn kudluliselwa ngethuba lokubeleka. Nokudumba olubakho xa oku lonke-2% abantwana, kodwa-50% kuzo kufa, yaye abasindileyo ngokufuthi ubunzima evela ukuphazamiseka ebuchotsheni. nokudumba Bonakalisa ungakwazi ngoko nangoko (kwisithuba ngenye imini) okanye ngaphezu kwexesha (iinyanga ukusuka kwiveki enye ukuya 3). zimpawu:

• ukozela;
• ukukhotha amahlwempu;
• insufficiency zemigudu;
• imithambo hypotension;
• bacteremia (ubukho iintsholongwane egazini);
• semiphunga okanye meningitis.

Xa abafazi abakhulelweyo nokudumba streptococcal esizibonakalisa intlungu ukuqunjelwa, bacteremia. Ngamanye amaxesha ukuqala meningitis kunye / okanye endocarditis infective.

Zonke iindidi abemi yeqela B streptococci ukuba izifo ezifana:

• meningitis;
• pneumonia;
• ubovu samathambo;
• ukudumba iphecana enzala;
• osteomyelitis;
• zangasese ithumba, peritoneal kunye nabanye.

Amaqela Streptococcal C no D

Inani elincinane labantu baye bafumana amanye amaqela streptococci. Iintsholongwane ngoweqela C beta-hemolytic kwaye ukuba sifo njengoko kwamagciwane A-qela. Ibhekisa iqela le D kunye streptococci, kunye enterococci. Balala izifo ingakumbi abadala, isifo kwabantu ababuthathaka kwaye abo bafumana antibiotics ngenxa yo- waphula intsalela microflora emzimbeni.

Abantu badla ukubuza ukuba izinga streptococci, kuba azisoloko kunokubangela izifo. Ngenxa yoko, akukho eqhelekileyo. Ezi iibhaktheriya azinabungozi, ngoxa amajoni omzimba unako ukuba 'sihlale nabo ngetshekhi. " Ngoko ke, lo msebenzi engundoqo sonke - ukuphucula kwaye zomeleza amajoni omzimba wakho kuzo zonke iindlela, ezo zifumaneka kuphela. Ukuba ngequbuliso buthathaka, streptococci ukuba unganweni yaye ungaxaki kunye ukuhlasela. Tshabalalisa iintsholongwane ukukholelwa njengoko indawo umhlala kuya kuthabatha ezintsha, ngenxa yokuba ngokupheleleyo okusingqongileyo iiyure ezimbalwa. Le streptococci ngomlomo ukwabelana ukuya kwi-60% yazo zonke iintsholongwane. Yona ke streptococci ngamaqela, ubonwe kwi eveze yangaphakathi, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka ibe.