Bathyscaphe - ntoni na? design

Ukuba ubukhe wakha wabukela le movie odumileyo malunga iqela Cousteau ihlabathi kwamanzi, ukuba akwazi ukunceda kodwa khumbula emangalisayo, ngathi nangeziphekepheke submersibles - bathyscaphe. Ngoko ke yintoni na bathyscaphe umdla, yintoni na kuphandwa ngaye? Ngoncedo lwezo mpahla umntu singene enzulwini yolwandle uyiqwalasela yenzululwazi kunye nolwazi iilwandle ezinzulwini zagadochnh.

Le etymology igama

Lakhe bathyscaphe igama onyanzelekileyo Auguste Piccard - umsunguli, wasungula lo matshini. Eli gama livela iperi lwamagama lesiGrike elithetha "inqanawa" yaye "nzulu". Ngowe-2018 "iphenyane enzulu" liya kubhiyozela unyaka 80th.

Ukusungulwa bathyscaphe

Piccard owavela isithuthi olunzulu-elwandle kungekudala emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ngo-1948. Bathyscaphe bathysphere ababengaphambi baba - submersibles xa elimile ibhola. Inqanawa lokuqala ezifana lwasungulwa Melika kwi 30 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kwaye ngobuchule ukuntywila ukuba kubunzulu beemitha ukuya ku 1000.

Ngokungafaniyo mini-sub kunye bathysphere oko ukuba yangaphambili bayakwazi ukuya ngokuzimeleyo kwikholam emanzini. Nangona isantya intshukumo siphantsi esiludumbo 1-3, kodwa oko kwanele ukwenza izixhobo iingxaki zabo zenzululwazi nobunjineli.

Ngaphambi kwemfazwe, lo Swiss wasebenza ibhaloni stratospheric, waza wafumana ingcamango ukwenza umkhombe kwamanzi isixhobo efanayo phezu kwemimiselo moya efana indiza kunye ibhaluni. submersibles Kuphela endaweni nokuphakamisa isikhongozeli, nto leyo uzaliswe igesi, ibhaluni nguye nawuphi na umbandela ukuba mninzi kufuneka izaliswe ngaphantsi kwe lexinene amanzi. Ngoko ke, lo mgaqo le bathyscaphe ukhumbuza esijingayo.

Le fowuni bathyscaphe

zilungiswe njengokuba kakuhle bathyscaphe ntoni pondola kwaye ziyabuya? Uyilo kweendidi ngeendidi bathyscaphes efana nenye kwaye kuquka iinxalenye ezimbini:

• umzimba ayisindi, okanye njengoko ibizwa - i esijingayo;
• izindlu ixesha elide, okanye ebizwa ngokuba yi-gondola.

Eyona njongo ephambili yale edadayo - ukugcina bathyscaphe kwi ubunzulu efunekayo. Ngokuba lo izindlu ezilula zixhotyiswe amagumbi eziliqela fillable esilolo ngaphantsi kwe mninzi amanzi amtyuba. bathyscaphes Okokuqala ezaliswe ipetroli, kunye nokusetyenziswa mihla abanezinye fillers - izinto ezahlukeneyo zizonke.

izixhobo Scientific, iinkqubo zolawulo kunye software, bathyscaphe enqanaweni ibekwe ngaphakathi igobhogobho xi. nacelle Spherical ekuqaleni ezenziwe ngentsimbi.

iimpahla inkwili Modern unawo umzimba enamandla eyenziwe titanium, alumuniyam okanye izixhobo ezijongeneyo. Abayi basengozini umhlwa, yaye ukuhlangabezana neemfuno uqinile.

Le ekufakeni okuyingozi kunye ngwenya?

Eyona Ingxaki submersibles ngwenya - esikhulu ukunyuka uxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye ngobunzulu. Housing licudisa nzima ngokuba nzima, kwaye kumabi bathyscaphe ngokulungelelana singena phantsi.

izindlu ngokwaneleyo ngamandla isitya kwamanzi ukuze gqitha okanye yonakele, nto leyo eya kukhokelela lwezikhukula enqanaweni kunye nelahleko izixhobo zophando zexabiso kunye nelahleko yobomi. Akukho iinkqubo ezaneleyo umgangatho yaphononongwa ngobunjineli, inkxaso, iibhetri, kukho inani elikhulu electronic nobunzima kakhulu, iikhemikhali kunye nezinto kulo mzimba ucinezelo kubunzulu mkhulu kwandisa umngcipheko kwiimeko zomlilo kunye likaxakeka.

Ukongeza, okunokwenzeka lunqongophele isithuba ngokutsha ehlabathini yunithi zibe ukungquzulana usongo bathyscaphe ngamatye okanye neminye imiqobo. submersibles Locator nombala ezingena nkqo kwikholam emanzini, ingenakusoloko ukubona ngenxa yohlobo andise Amaza ive ngendlela zolwelo medium.

Ngoko ke, ukuba ubhaptizo benqanawa - umsebenzi onzima abaneembopheleleko ifuna ukulungiswa ngononophelo kwaye ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Okulandelayo, makhe sithethe bathyscaphe yokuqala, olunjani ngomatshini, iimpawu zayo zobugcisa kunye namanqaku anika umdla.

bathyscaphes kuqala

I bathyscaphe yokuqala, omashini abenziwe A. Piccard, waba igama "FNRS-2", wakhonza French Navy, yaye emi-5 yaphulwa phantsi ngowe-1953. Le lokufaka kule izixhobo lalisetyenziswa ipetroli leyo amaxesha 1.5 incinane mninzi kwamanzi.

submersibles ngaphambili, njengokuba loLwamkelo, kuthiwa nacelle, yaba imilo ungqukuva kunye Ebubanzini bodonga-90 mm. Ingabeka kakhulu ukuhlalisa ngokukhululekileyo abantu ababini.

Eyona ethile ephambili FNRS-2 ukuba aqandusele indawo ukungena bathyscaphe. Waye ke inxalenye kwamanzi ye-apparatus. Ngena kwi ukuba ushiye submersibles pondola kungaba kuphela xa kuthe le yunithi ababekhwele kweso yenethiwekhi.

Umfuziselo besibini bathyscaphe FNRS-3. Esi sixhobo iye yasetyenziswa ukuze uphando olunzulu-ulwandle ukususela 1953 ukuya kwi-70 zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Yaba inqanawa imyuziyam. Okwangoku FNRS-3 ibekwe eFransi, kwisixeko iToulon.

Ngokwezibalo zobunjineli, umatshini, ngathi ezihlangwini yayo, ayikwazanga ukuxakeka ukuya kubunzulu kweekhilomitha ezili-4. Le nqanawa yaba FNTS-2 efanayo kunye nesakhiwo nacelle, kodwa kungenjalo model ngcono kakhulu.

iimpawu technical

Bathyscaphes izizukulwana ezahlukeneyo onokufaniswa ngoncedo iimpawu zabo zobugcisa.

Bathyscaphe "Trieste"

Edume kakhulu bathyscaphe, olunjani isitya uyakwazi ukuqonda phambili Dale? Kwi i "Trieste 'ekuqaleni kuka 1960, oko kwenziwa kukwazi ezantsi kwe Mariana Trench kwi-Pacific Ocean yokuqala. Lo msebenzi, codenamed "Project Nekton" US Navy kuqhutywa ngentsebenziswano kunye nonyana Umsunguli le bathyscaphe uJacques Piccard.

Nangona sisaqhwithi ngoJanuwari 26, okokuqala kwimbali yoluntu kukwazi iimitha 10,900. A ukufunyanwa enkulu eyenziwe abaphandi ngosuku - emazantsi kwi Mariana Trench ubomi.

Bathyscaphe Deepsea Chalanger

Le yunithi, ogama emva isitya anzulu ulwandle, idume ukuba phezu kwayo ngoMatshi 2012, wenza singene nzulu Dzheyms Kemeron. Umlawuli film odumileyo Matshi 26 wabetha emazantsi Challenger Deep - elinye igama le-Mariana Trench.

Yaba selesondele ekuhleni yesine ukuya kwindawo zinzulu yolwandle kwimbali yoluntu langutana kuba yeyona ixesha elide yaye eyenziwa ngumntu omnye. Locator bathyscaphe nombala ezingena nkqo ezinzulwini, ndiphanda ezantsi, kunye nomlawuli ndazidlathula iphefumlelwe zokuqhubekeka Sci-Fi movie "Avatar."

Locator bathyscaphe

Sonar - a kumabi bathyscaphe column amanzi umvavanyi ngokufanayo uzingela ezantsi eweni kunye neminye imiqobo. Oku mhlawumbi kuphela isixhobo ekuvumela ukuba "ukubona", okanye mandithi "ukuva 'kwamanzi. Locator bathyscaphe nombala wayetshona ukuya ubunzulu, enyanisweni, izixhobo ezindlebeni.

izigameko bathyscaphe

Ngo-Agasti 2005, kufuphi nonxweme eKamchatka kwenzeka izikhukula submersibles Navy ye-Russian Federation. isithuthi Deep-elwandle liqembu abantu abasixhenxe wabanjwa iminatha yokuloba kubunzulu yeemitha malunga 200.

Safika iinqanawa nokuhlangula ndawo, apho wazama ukuba bathyscaphe ibe ubunzulu amancinane, ngoko ukuze baphumeze umsebenzi awakhulula ziimfundiso. Emva kwempumelelo, oomatiloshe Russian wabhenela koogxa British.

kusebenzisana yokuhlangula Russian-British ne ukusetyenziswa robot olunzulu-ulwandle yagqitywa ngempumelelo, yalila lonke nakala wakhulula bazisa ngaphezulu le bathyscaphe.