Kacher Brovina - yintoni na kwaye yintoni na isicelo layo? Njani Kacher Brovina?

Kacher Brovina injongo wokuqala oscillations kagesi. Oku kungenziwa babehlanganisene izinto ezahlukeneyo zikanomathotholo esebenzayo. Okwangoku xa ibandla eli intsimi esetyenzisiweyo okanye transistors eguquguqukayo, ubuncinane - wesizalo irediyo (triodes kunye pentodes). Kacher Brovina lwasungulwa 1987 yi injineli radio eSoviet Vladimirom Ilichom Brovinym njengoko ikhampasi into electromagnetic. Makhe sijonge ngokweenkcukacha ngaphezulu uhlobo yesixhobo.

Amathuba olungaziwayo lweziqalelo semiconductor

Kacher Brovina - olu hlobo wenkunkuma, ezahlanganisana transistor enye yokusebenza, ngokutsho umsunguli, iimeko kwamcaphukisa. Le fowuni ubonisa iimpawu twisiseka, yabhalwa zophando Nikoly Tesla. Abayi zihambelana nayiphi na imfundiso mihla electromagnetism. Kuyabonakala ukuba, Kacher Brovina luhlobo semiconductor arrester, apho ekubhobhozeni yangoku yombane tihamba yikristale transistor-based, ngokudlula inyathelo wokusungula i arc yombane (plasma). Eyona nto inomdla kakhulu ekusebenzeni isixhobo - kukuba emva yokuwa chip transistor IbuyiselweName ngokupheleleyo. Oku kubangelwa yinto yokuba iyunithi ngenxa yomsebenzi wasebenzisa ukudilika breakdown ingathityazwa, ngokuchaseneyo ubushushu, apho semiconductor ayibuyiseki umva. Noko ke, njengobungqina indlela yokusebenza ye transistor enokukhokelela iingxelo kuphela ngqo. Akukho mntu, ngaphandle kokuba Umsunguli ukusebenza transistor kulo ochazwe ayifakwanga uphando ngokwenkcukacha. Ngoko ke le nto badla nje Brovina. Umzekelo, ukuba uqinisekise "kachernogo" imo isixhobo buchopho osondeza into ilandelayo: bathi, akunamsebenzi nokuba yintoni ezichaseneyo ye kwisixhobo ukudibanisa i wokwephuka oscilloscope, ukubetha, ibonisa ukuba njalo eyakhayo.

Mhlawumbi Kacher - uhlobo lwe uvimba oscillator?

Kukho inguqulo enjalo. Emva kokuba yombane ye isixhobo ngamandla embhoxo wenkunkuma neemvakalelo zombane. Noko ke, umakhi ugxininisa ukuba isixhobo sakhe ikhona ngokungafaniyo amacebo unobvious ecetywayo. Sinika enye ingcaciso iinkqubo ebonakalayo ngaphakathi transistor. Xa uvimba oscillator semiconductor ngamaxesha kuvulwa ngenxa yokumpompoza ezikhoyo wesiphaluka coil isiseko ingxelo. I Kacher transistor-kuthiwa ngendlela non-Kucacile ukuba ivalwe umphelo (okt. K. Creation amandla electromotive kwi kwikhonkco eqhagamshelwe isiseko semiconductor ingxelo Ikhoyili bayakwazi ukufikelela kuyo). Xa eli langoku akhiwa beqokelela iindleko zombane kwindawo isiseko yokulahlela ngokubanzi yokudlula ombane umgubasi kudala baphazamiseka ukudilika. Nangona kunjalo, le transistors kusetyenziswa Brovin na yenzelwe ukusebenza kwimo ukudilika. Ngokuba lo ngcelele eyenzelwe semiconductors ezizodwa. Ngokutsho abaqambi, ingasetyenziswa transistors eguquguqukayo kuphela, kodwa intsimi, kwakunye kumbhobho irediyo, nangona ukuba umsebenzi physics bohluke. Oku kubangela ugxile kwi zophando transistor e Kačerov, ingakumbi ukusebenza imo ubume yonke wesekethe. Enyanisweni, ezi zifundo kunye wenza Nikola Tesla.

Umsunguli sisixhobo

Ngowe-1987 Brovin inxaxheba kuyilo ikhampasi, nto leyo evumela ukuba umsebenzisi ukuchaza inxalenye ukukhanya ilizwe imboniselo, kodwa ngoncedo kwetyala. Kucetywa ukuba usebenzise umsindo sokuquqa wenkunkuma, ukutshintsha isandi ngokungqinelana indawo ifowuni xa kuthelekiswa lo mhlaba otsalayo le planethi. Njengoko isiseko esetyenziswa ethintela oscillator, ukuphucula oko, yaye kamva isixhobo ngenxa ekuthiwa Kacher Brovina. circuit generator ezinokuthenjwa yaba ithuba: yakhelwe phezu umgaqo zoqobo, kuphela ndzhendzheleko feedback wongezelela ngokusekelwe inductance ongundoqo ngokusekelwe ngensimbi amorphous. It Kuchaza ukuba permeability ukuba ixabiso ombane ephantsi (umzekelo, lo mhlaba otsalayo le planethi). ikhampasi umsindo izakufunyanwa xa orientation iyatshintsha njengoko senzelwe.

effect side

Uhlalutyo iimpawu wesekethe ndawonye kutyhilwa ezinye ukungangqinelani ngomsebenzi wayo izinto eziqhelekileyo. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba imiqondiso ezifunyenweyo i electrode ye transistor kulinganiswa nezibonda i oscilloscope HIV kwaye ezingentle zokubanegama umthombo wamandla ombane, nisoloko ezichaseneyo. Ngoko ke, le npn transistor wabanika umqondiso entle umqokeleli kunye PNP - negative. Nanku lo isiphumo umdla Kacher Brovina. Icebo zeesekethe luyinto inductance apho ngexesha ukusebenza ifowuni siyakwazi ukumelana kufutshane zero. Le generator iyaqhubeka ukusebenza kwanaxa wayesondela umazibuthe enamandla abasisigxina kundoqo. zigcwele engundoqo Magnet, kwaze oko kwakhokelela kwinkqubo ukuvimbela ukuba ayeke ngenxa nokupheliswa wenguqu kwi busebenze feedback loop. Kulo mzekelo, undoqo akemi ngaphandle hysteresis, oko ayikwazanga ukubonwa amanani Lissajous. Le awo na la mandla kwi sokuqokelela le transistor yaba izihlandlo ezihlanu ngaphezu ombane umbane.

Kacher Brovina: bangazisebenzisa

Okwangoku ifowuni isetyenziswa discharger plasma ukujikelezisa la mandla ombane ngaphandle arcing ngamayelenqe prototype. Le duo ezininzi ezisetyenziswayo ngokuqhelekileyo - Kacher Brovina kunye Tesla sombane. Oku kungenxa yokuba i arc esivulekayo kwi arrester, kuloo mgaqo, i oscillation zombane broadband generator. Yaba sixhobo kuphela nokudalwa pulses oluvela rhoqo, ziyafumaneka Nikola Tesla. Ngaphezu koko, umakhi iye Katscher izixhobo esekelwe, ezivumela ukuba ukumisela ixabiso elililo phakathi generator kunye kakutsha radiation wadala.

Scientists uvume

Inkcazo engasentla lesixhobo Umgaqo zayo zokusebenza (apho kubonakala abangaboniyo) ziyaphikisana inzululwazi zemveli. Abaqambi bafumanisa bethana data ibonisa, ubuza zonke ukubenza kunye ukujongana imilinganiselo ngamazwi yemida yesixhobo yakhe. Noko ke, isikhundla phandle kulo mbandela kodwa kwakhokelela naziphi na iziphumo, izazinzulu abakwazi ukuchaza iinkqubo ebonakalayo kwi semiconductor.

Oku kubalulekile

Inkcazelo isiphumo Katscher Brovina kwisithuba kufuphi mhlawumbi kuya kuba indlela ukucima osebenzisa le athom izinto ezingqongileyo. Oku kuboniswa umenzi ukuhlola lokusekwa ifowuni ngesitya yeglasi esitywiniweyo, ukusuka apho umoya bakhutshwe ukunciphisa izinga xi kuyo. Ngenxa yoko, akukho overunity isiphumo amava esizokwenza izixhobo lokuhlela njenge umatshini motion ongunaphakade, hayi (ngaphandle imifuniselo eyiyo ngokudluliselwa ngamandla uhamba ngocingo). Oku lokuqala kwabonisa Nikola Tesla. Noko ke, ukufundwa kunokwenzeka zobuxoki zomlinganiselo izixhobo amandla accounting kuchaza idaleka, kunokuba uhlobo inharmonious yokumpompoza ngoku imixokelelwane amandla Kačerov. Xa umlinganiselo izixhobo uhlobo tester zenzelwe (harmonic) ngoku mhlawumbi esisigxina, okanye sinusoidal.

Indlela babuthe izandla zabo Kacher Brovina

Ukuba, emva kokufunda inqaku, onomdla kwesi sixhobo, wena ungayivusa ngokwakho. Le fowuni kunjalo elula ukuba ungenza nkqu hobbyist abo basandula kuqalisa. Kacher Brovina (scheme enikwe ngezantsi) utya uNic basis 12 V, 2 A, osela watts-20. Itshintsha uphawu zombane nezihlandlo 1 MHz kunye nokusebenza 90%. Kuba ibandla, kufuneka umbhobho weplastiki 80h200 mm. Iya kuyiphalusa engathi eziziiprayimari neziziisekondari le resonator. Inxalenye electronic iyonke ifowuni ibekwe phakathi kombhobho. Esi sikimu uqinile ngokupheleleyo, ibaleka kumakhulu iiyure ngaphandle ikhefu. Kacher Brovina nge samozapitkoy umdla ngenxa yokuba uyakwazi, ukuba ubakhanyisele neon izibane abalindelekanga idityaniswe kumgama-70 cm. Le isixhobo ebonisa esikolweni okanye ilebhu eyunivesithi, kwakunye isixhobo desktop ngenxa esonwabisa iindwendwe okanye conjuring amaqhinga.

Inkcazelo ibandla busebenze

Le Umsunguli icebisa ukusetyenziswa KT902A transistor vuvabyi okanye KT805AM (Noko ke, uyakwazi kuqokelela Kacher Brovina FET). Isiqalelo semiconductor kufuneka nayo inikezwe ukuya kwiradiyetha enamandla emva enamathela intlama thermally conductive. Unakho ukufaka ezibandayo. Resistors kuvumelekile ukusebenzisa constants, kwaye C1 capacitor ngaphandle. Okokuqala, primary ngokubhijela kufuneka inxeba wire 1 mm (turns 4), ngoko ke zasesekondari ngokubhijela wire hayi liyajiya 0.3 mm. Ukusongwa ke inxeba ithuba tight uvule. Ukulungiselela le njongo, ulifaka ekupheleni phezulu ityhubhu aze aqalise umoya, promazyvaya conductive enamathelayo PVA zonke mm-20. Yanele ukwenza amathuba 800. Okubambelela ekupheleni kunye solder noko Umqhubi igqunyiwe. Le engathi kufuneka nenxeba kwicala elinye, kubalulekile ukuba ningayichukumisi. Ngaphezu koko kuyimfuneko ukuba solder phezulu ityhubhu inaliti yokuthunga soldered noko emajikojiko ekupheleni. Okulandelayo solder yombane niyibeke kunye radiator ngaphakathi ityhubhu yeplastiki. Nantsi iyunithi samabanga aphantsi i Kacher Brovina.

Indlela yokwenza 'injini ion'?

Qala isixhobo Abizelwa ndawonye ntshikilelo ubuncinane - volts 4, ngoko ke ngokuthe ngcembe baqale ukwandisa, ngoxa ndizilibala iliso yangoku. Ukuba eqokelele inkqubo phezu KT902A transistor, i tape drive ekupheleni yenaliti ukuvela volts-4. Kunye ombane yokwanda kuza kwanda. Emva kokuba volts 16 nokuba litshatshazi, laba "uFluffy." 18 Ukunyuka ukuya kwi-17 mm, kwaye ngo-20 ugesi V uya kufana ukusebenza injini real ion.

isiphelo

Njengoko ubona, ifowuni cebetshu ayifuni iinkcitho ezinkulu. It bangaqokelela kunye nomntwana wakho, ngenxa yokuba abantwana bayakuthanda ukudlala kunye "namadlala". Kwaye nanku inzuzo kabini: hayi nje kuphela ukuba umntwana uza kuba kwezoshishino, oko kubonakala self-ukuzithemba. Uya kuba nako ukuthatha inxaxheba ephambili kule kwisikolo okulungileyo indalo yakhe okanye eqhayisa abahlobo bakho. Ngubani na owaziyo, mhlawumbi ngenxa ibandla into yokudlala iyevakala enjalo kuphuhlisa umdla elektroniki zerediyo, kwaye kwixesha elizayo abe umntwana wakho uya kuba umbhali nayiphi na njengeyabo.