Kaloliwe - ikamva leli lizwe!

Ngomhla ingcamango "ukunikezela" inokuquka zonke iiyunithi izixhobo ababandakanyekayo yokuphatha umkhweli traffic kwinethiwekhi kaloliwe. Rolling Railways ibandakanya iindidi iinqwelwana ezahlukeneyo, zikaloliwe. Lohlulwe malunga nokuqulunqwa kwenqaku nenjongo, abakhweli kunye nemizila yezithuthi okhethekileyo endala.

Unga kwakhona azise uhlobo olulandelayo of the SS:

• Ibambelele: zikaloliwe (zikaloliwe zombane, zikaloliwe, zikaloliwe diesel).
• Esingazihambeliyo: iimoto (amaqonga, iinqwelo ezivulekileyo, abathwali okuziinkozo, amatanki, njalo njalo).
• Motor-iimoto: komhlaba, oololiwe zombane, railcars.
• Ukubunjwa ezizodwa. njongo: kamatshini alawule, railcar.

Abenzi bemeko- lothutho ingqalelo ngoku amashishini umatshini-ekwakheni eli lizwe aphesheya, lokomotivostroitelnye kunye imoto isakhiwo-izityalo, okugaya zentsimbi.

Iimoto yokuqala eRashiya waqala ukuveza phakathi kwenkulungwane ye-18. Njengoko eli candelo mveliso ezimeleyo, isithuthi kaloliwe yabelwe phakathi 40 ka ngenkulungwane ye-18. Nangona ukwakhiwa kwendlela buti kaloliwe ukusuka eMoscow ukuya eSt Petersburg, yaye oko ukwakha iimoto ezisemthethweni kwindlela i Alexandrovsky sisityalo Foundry-mechanical eyedwa eLeningrad.

Olona phawu ephambili kaloliwe ngelo xesha into yokuba kaloliwe lwenzelwe ngakumbi kubantu yezothutho. Yakhiwe, njengokuba umthetho, ezithwala, yayibaleka njengengqesho ipoma. Abazange babe izindlu zangasese, iikhabhathi kunye neebhedi, wahlala kuphela.

Iimoto okuqala asi-mbini, isakhelo nomzimba eyenziwe ngomthi. uqhagamshelo zabo kwaba chain. Kaloliwe zezithuthi zokuthutha ngelo xesha eyahlukileyo kakhulu ukusuka ngoku.

Isivuseleli elandelayo kuphuhliso lwecandelo kaloliwe iye inguqu Russia ukusuka feudalism ukuya kobungxowankulu ngokusebenzisa zokulungisa 1861. Ukususela ngo-1863 yaqala zemveliso yeemoto esebenzisa isakhiwo biaxial.

Ngowe-1859, xa isityalo Alexandrovsky wabonakala ngathi gondola mihla - i nqwelwana evulekileyo, kunye porohovoz kunye moto iziqhushumbisi.

Ngelo xesha, ngenxa imfuneko yokuhamba iimpahla ezibolayo (ukutya, ubukhulu becala), kwabonakala isothermal kaloliwe.

Ngowe-1875 it wakhupha ummiselo Ministry of Railways (MPS), awawathethayo yokuzisa zonke iinqwelo zigutyungelwe zohlobo olufanayo ukuya uhlobo 'eqhelekileyo-ubungakanani "(6400 * 2743 mm). Oku isuke yi ubungakanani izixhobo zomkhosi kunye zothutho ubunzima-mkhosi.

Ekubeni Kwisiqingatha sesibini 90. kukho ukwanda kwemveliso mveliso, oko kukhokelele ekwandeni ukwakhiwa iziporo, ukuziqengqa ezintsha wabuyela. Ukukhula kwemfuno iinqwelo ukwenzela buyo ninzi. ifilim leyo liye landa kakhulu.

Ngowe-1880, kufuphi kwilali Big Mytischi waqala ukwakha Mytishchi Uphawu Works.

Ngowe-1896, umsebenzi wokwakha waqalisa ekwakhiweni zimoto mveliso Upper.

Ngowe-1897, yena yaba emotweni yokwakha-mveliso ekuveliseni iibhokisi iimbumbulu, amakhitshi intsimi kunye tropicbirds.

Yaye ekubeni eli lizwe kuvele izityalo kunye nenjongo enye kuphela - ukudala kwimpahla ogqibeleleyo ukuziqengqa, ekwaziyo ekwaneliseni iimfuno karhulumente kwezothutho.

Okwangoku, inani iinqwelo kunye zikaloliwe ekunokuthiwa ezaneleyo lizwe, kodwa imeko zobugcisa yabo kufuneka kuhle ukucinga. Happy omnye: iteknoloji ukwakhiwa olu hlobo ukusukela Isifo aziphazamiseki nawuphi na unyaka.