Kerch: isikebhe esinqumlayo

I-Kerch yidolophu ekhethekileyo eMpuma ye-peninsula yaseCrimea. Okokuqala, okuyingqayizivele kubangelwa yimbali yamashumi eminyaka edolophini, ebuyela kwixesha lokuqala. I-Kerch yayiyinxalenye yamagunya amaninzi awalawula ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwintsimi ye-peninsula. Ngalunye lwale mibuso lishiye uphawu lwalo kwizakhiwo zakhiwo ezisezantsi kwintsimi yaseCrimea.

I-Kerch, okokuqala, iyabakhenkethi abavakhenkethi ngeendawo ezahlukileyo ezikuyo: ugu lolwandle lwaloo sixeko luhlanjwe ngamanzi amabini-Azov kunye noMnyama. Kodwa ukuba ufike kwisixeko, kufuneka uwele iCherch Strait. Ibhuloho phakathi kwelizwe laseRashiya kunye ne- peninsula ICrimea ayisakhiwanga . Ngenxa yale njongo, isikebhe Ukuwela.

I-Russia ezayo kufuphi, ngokumalunga nokuthotyelwa kweCrimea ngokwakhiwa kwayo, ilungiselela izicwangciso zokwakhiwa kwebhasi yemoto kunye nebhaloji eya kudibana neKrasnodar Territory kunye nesixeko sase Kerch. Umkhumbi owela kwiCherch Strait uya kuba, ngokubanzi, ukuzizonwabisa kubakhenkethi.

Kerch: isikebhe, imvelaphi yendalo

Ukuqala kokukhankanywa kokudalwa kwechwekthi yeKerch kuvela ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, xa uMpress Catherine II wathembisa amaGrike angabamelwane ukuba "indawo yokukhulula kunye nekhululekile" iya kulungiswa kwimimandla yeKerch. Kodwa isithembiso sasizalisekile ngomnye umbusi waseRussia uAlexander I, owasayina umyalelo we-1821 ekudalweni kwelobuko. Ukususela kuloo mzuzu ichweba kwisixeko sase Kerch, ukuwela kwe-ferry kuvela kuyo.

Ibhuloho yokuqala phakathi kwezwe kunye ne-peninsula yakhiwa ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic. Ukwakhiwa kwebhulorho kwenziwe kwizinto zokwakha eziye zalahlwa ngabantu baseJamani abaye baphuma, ababekade bezama ukwakha isikebhe kwiPeninsula yaseTaman. Kodwa le bhuloho ayisisebenzanga ngaphezu konyaka. Sekuqaleni kowe-1945, wafumana umonakalo ekuhambeni kweqhwa ukusuka eLwandle lwase-Azov. Emva koko, imisebenzi yabo yokuthumela abantu ukusuka kwisiqithini ukuya kwilizwe le-RSFSR, baqalisa ukuhamba ngesikebhe bewela eKherch.

Namhlanje, kuma-ferries, amawaka abantu kunye nekhulu leemoto zithuthwa ukusuka kwilizwe laseRashiya ukusuka kwichweba laseKavkaz ukuya kwichweba laseCrimea kwisixeko sase Kerch. Umkhumbi phakathi kweechweba, ubude bawo bu malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-5, kwaye uhambo luthatha malunga nesiqingatha seyure.

Ukusebenza komlambo wesitimela ukuwela

Kuze kube ngo-1990, kwiifriji zithwele abagibeli kuphela kunye neenqwelo, kodwa nezithuthi ezithwele izithuthi. Kule njongo ngo-1951 uluhlu lokuqala lweempahla "iZapolyarny" kunye ne "Nadym" zakhiwa, emva koko iinqanawa zathunyelwa "Chulym" kunye no "Severny". Ezi nqanawa zazikwazi ukuthutha iinqwelo ezi-32 ze-biaxial ezisuka kwilizwe ukuya kwi-pench e Kerch. Ukuwela, ngelanga, akuzange kudlule ixesha elide.

Kakade ekupheleni kweminyaka eyi-80 yekhulu lama-20, inxalenye yezakhelo zesoliwe zaqala ukuhluleka. Emva kokuwa kwe-USSR, inkxaso yokugcinwa kweeferi ezisebenzayo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezinto ezintsha zavalwa ngokupheleleyo. Kukho iinzame zokubuyisela ukuhamba kweefestile. Ngaloo nyaka, ngo-2002, isikebhe esinegama elifanayo "iSakhalin-6" safika kwisibhedlele sase Kerch esivela kwi-peninsula yaseSakhalin. Ukuwela umzila wesitimela akuzange kubuyiselwe. Isizathu salokhu kukuba iingcali zezobugcisa azizange zibale ngokugcwele inkxaso-mali. Yanikezela ulungelelaniso kumanzi ukuya kwi-4 mitha, kwaye kunye nemithwalo yempahla yanyuka kwi-9 meters. Ngeempawu ezinjalo, iinqanawa zazingenakusebenza kwiCherch Strait. Ukunyuka kwemijelo yezitroli kwabuyiselwa kuphela ngo-2004

Inkonzo yomkhumbi weemoto

I-ferry yokuqala "Kerch-1" yokuthutha izithuthi yaqala umsebenzi wayo kwiKerch Strait ngowe-1975. Yakhelwe kwiRiga Shipyard. Kamva, kwisityalo esifanayo, isikebhe sesibini "Kerch-2" sakhiwe.

Ukwakhiwa kwezi feri, okokuqala, kwakucwangciswe njengeenqanawa zokuqhaqhazela. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuhamba kwebusika kweendlela zorhwebo kwakulula. Enye yeefriji, kunye nemithwalo, iimoto kunye nabagibeli, zenza njengesiqhwaqhaqhaqha, kwakhona ikhefu lesibini lingaba ngumqhubi weenqanawa ezithwala iinqwelo zokuhamba. Zonke iiferi ekugqibeleni nazo zazifuna umsebenzi wokulungisa, ukubuyiswa, kodwa ngenxa yokungabi nakwimali, akukho nanyathelo ethathwe, kwaye ukugqibela kwelo "Kerch-1" elalihlala kulo ngo-2012.

Ukuwela ukuhamba kwendlela kunye nomzila wezothutho kwi-Kerch Strait namhlanje

Ngenxa yemeko yonke yeenqanawa ezonakalisiweyo kwaye zatshitshiswa, iiferi ezininzi zalungiswa kwaye zithengwa ukuxhasa ukuhamba kwemithwalo:

Ukudluliswa kwezithuthi

• Kuthengwa isikebhe se-ANT-2, esinokuhlala kwizithuthi ezingama-80 ngexesha elinye.
• Iiferi "Yeisk" kunye ne "Kerch-2" zibuyiselwe kwaye zisebenza.

Ukuhamba kwezithuthi

• Enye yeenkampani zaseRussia ngokubonelela ngeendlela zokuthutha izithuthi kwakuye kwaqaliswa iiferi "Petrovsk" kunye ne "Annenkov", eqhuba phakathi kwamagumbi aseCaucasus naseCrimea.
• "Slav" kunye ne "Avangard" - ezi zimbiwa zifakwe kwiinqwelo-moya zokuhanjiswa kwegesi enqabileyo kwintsimi yaseBulgaria.

Ukuthutha abahamba ngeCherch Strait

Phakathi kweendlela zokuthutha ezithwele kwiCherch Strait, indawo yokuqala iwela ezindizeni zokuhamba. Inani labagibeli abawela i-strait kwihlobo lehlobo liye landisa amaxesha amashumi. Okokuqala, ngenxa yobuninzi bezokhenketho abafuna ukufikelela kwiindawo zokurhweba zaseCrimea kwilizwe laseRashiya .

Ngenxa yale nqanawa iwela "Kerch-Kavkaz" ihamba ngokuhamba ngeendlela zokuhamba ngaphandle kokuqwalasela iiholide kunye neentsuku. Ixesha lokuhamba kwinqanawa yomgibeli li malunga nemizuzu engama-30.

Inkqubo yezenzo zabagibeli abathwele imoto kwiichweba ezihamba ngeefestile zeCherch Strait

Njengazo naziphi na iindlela zokuhamba, i-ferry terminal ilawula ukuhamba kwayo kubagibeli.

Abakhenkethi abaninzi ngaphambi kohambo bafuna ulwazi abanomdla kubo, baqulunqa isicelo sabo ngokukhawuleza: "Ukuwela iinqanawa, iRussia", ukuze ufunde iimfuno kunye neentlawulo zokuhamba ngesikebhe kwiCherch Strait.

Kulabo bafuna ukuwela ngaphesheya kwesinye iifama ukuya kwelinye, abagibeli kufuneka bahambisane nale mfuno elandelayo:

1. Isifundo somgca wesikebhe. Kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba umgca wokuthutha iimoto zabagibeli kunye nabagibeli bahluke kumgca wokuthuthwa kwempahla kunye nezithuthi zikawonkewonke.
2. Ukufumana iirisithi yokufumana intlawulo yokuthutha imoto evela kumntu ohamba ngomkhumbi. Iirisithi ibonisa yonke idatha yeemoto (ubude bezithuthi, idatha esuka kwipasipoti yezobuchwepheshe) kunye nayo yonke iminatha yedatha
3. Intlawulo kwiiofisi zetikiti zeechwepiti zamarisidi. Ukulinda uphawu lokungena kwemoto lokulayisha.

Kufuneka ukwazi nokuba ubude bezithuthi luya kuthintela iindleko zokuthutha. Iirhafu zisekwe ukuthuthwa kweentlobo ezintathu zeemoto kwi-ferry:

• Kwiimoto ukuya kuma-4,2 wamitha.
• Iimoto ezingaphezu kwama-4,2 kwaye zingaphantsi kwamamitha ama-5,1.
• Ukuba imoto inebude obungaphezu kweemitha ezili-5.1.