Zone Development Child elikufutshane

On iplanethi yethu, abantwana abahlala ngaphezulu kancinane abadala. uluntu engenabantwana - uluntu wezinga. Uphuhliso olufanelekileyo umntwana - prerequisite yokomoya nemisebenzi practical omdala.

I-UN Declaration libeka imiqathango ukusinda kunye namalungelo zentlalo umntwana - unelungelo lokhuseleko, unonophelo, uncedo, imfundo kunye noqeqesho.

Ngelo langoku inqanaba lophuhliso loluntu zehlabathi yimiba yingxaki enxulumene ingqiqo psyche womntwana oselula. Kukho imfuneko lokubhena kwinzululwazi yabantwana psychology.

utshintsho qualitative rhoqo izinto eziphathekayo kunye njengomama ezifunekayo ngqo - olu phuhliso. Ukuzimisela yophuhliso kubandakanya ubukho ngaxeshanye kwezi Propati mabini, ahluke kwezinye utshintsho oluqhubekayo.

Umba wophuhliso kubonwa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ngendlela bengqondo. Ngokutsho ingcamango yenkcubeko-imbali, ephuhliswe ondululwe lilo iisayikholojisti Russian lo mthombo na imeko apho umntu ikhona. Kungenxa kule mfazwe kumzabalazo asakhasayo, imfundo kunye nezenzo umntwana wedwa ontogeny wayo. L. S. Vygotskim kwenkcazo "ummandla wophuhliso proximal" yaqaliswa, okuthetha umahluko phakathi indlela umntwana okhula ngalo mzuzu, namandla.

Ukuphuhlisa imigangatho ezintsha zemfundo, abaphengululi wathembela kwithiyori umsebenzi. Zange nanini na uMthetho "Kwezemfundo" kunye noqeqesho kunye nemfundo nemigangatho zange kuxhotyiswa ngamandla kunye bengqondo. Ngaphandle kokuba umntwana kufuneka kwazi ze abe nako, okuthetha ummandla yophuhliso elililo. Yena imelwe izakhono sele kwakheka ephuhlisa umntwana ngaphandle koncedo omdala. Yaye xa sithetha impumelelo yabafundi intsingiselo izowuni zophuhliso proximal. Indlela ezisebenzayo kwimfundo noqeqesho busenza ukuba ubukho abantwana ezixhasayo cognitive, ukukwazi ukuba bacwangcise baze baqikelele imisebenzi yabo, ukuyilwa esweni kunye nokuzeyisa.

zone Uphuhliso proximal esandisa ngenkathalo omdala, ekubeni izakhono ezizimeleyo aphantsi ukubunjwa. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukwenza umsebenzi ngoncedo lukatitshala, utitshala namhlanje, ngomso lo mntwana uya kukwazi ukwenza loo nto wena. Ukudala imeko yingxaki kuba kokuya esikolweni nokuba bambongoza ukuba akhethe iindlela zokusombulula oko, abantu abadala ngaloo ukukhuthaza uphuhliso yayo.

Zone lophuhliso proximal ibizwa ngokucacileyo kweli phakade kokuya esikolweni, kuba kunjalo kweli nqanaba zophuhliso kufuneka inani elikhulu lamathuba olubuthathaka. Abaphengululi abaninzi kuqhelekile ukucinga ukuba xa Wabutsalela kuwe na ukuzimela womntwana, ukuba bamnike ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sokuziphatha, musa ukunika amathuba ukuzama ukwenza iimpazamo, oko kunokukhokelela ukulibaziseka. Ukuba zonke izenzo yenziwa endaweni umntwana, hayi naye, ngoko kukho umngcipheko yokunqongophala imbonakalo nezakhono ezithile kwixesha elithile ebuthathaka.