Kwinethiwekhi yekhompyutha yonxibelelwano ngokukodwa indlela iikhompyutha 'ukuthetha' ngokusebenzisa kwinethiwekhi

Ngokuqinisekileyo, abantu abaninzi baqonde ukuba iikhompyutha zifumaneka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, ukwanda nangokobungakanani kungekudala kwafuneka 'afunde' ukuba ukunxibelelana nabanye size sibe nako ukwenza umsebenzi kunye. ezinjalo iindlela zonxibelelwano baba networks khompyutha, leyo zasekuhlaleni jikelele. Njengoko for indawo nothungelwano ekuhlaleni - oko kukuthi nothungelwano adibanayo iikhompyutha abakwiindawo imigama emifutshane enye kwenye, umzekelo, kwi sakhiwo. Umsebenzi we WAN na uqhagamshelwano kothungelwano kunye neekhompyutha, ezahlulwe amade - amakhulu amawaka eekhilomitha. Eyona inkulu womnatha kwihlabathi kweli hlabathi kwi Internet.

Nkqu ukuqonda iziseko theoretical component networks, kaninzi ukuba ukunika umntu ithuba lokuba aqhubeke ibinzana ngokwanelisayo ilula: a Iprotocolo yomsebenzi womnatha computer ... Nantsi uzame ukuqonda ukuba yintoni le Izivumelwano network noko abazidingayo. wazi nje, a Iprotocolo yomsebenzi womnatha computer ingongoma ebalulekileyo, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba aququzelele unxibelelwano phakathi kwee computer, kungakhathaliseki ukuba umgama ebahlulayo kubo.

Isibakala sokuba uxhulumaniso elula ngekhompyutha enye ukuya kwenye - njengenyathelo kuyimfuneko ukwenza inethiwekhi esuka kwikhompyutha oko akwanelanga. Ukuze ithuba ukudluliselwa kolwazi network iye yenziwa yafumaneka, kuyimfuneko ukuba iikhompyutha "ukuqonda" nomunye. inethiwekhi esuka kwikhompyutha protocol ukuba enzelwe indlela iikhompyutha 'intetho' ngokusebenzisa i uqondakale omnye umsebenzi womnatha kwenye "ulwimi". Ukongeza, i-protocol womnatha yiseti yemithetho, nokunamathela apho kunokwenzeka khona ukuba alungiselele ukutshintshwa data phakathi kweekhompyutha.

Ukuze uqonde ngokupheleleyo oko digress protocol kwi computer. Nokuba umntu ongazange wajamelana kuthungelwano kunye Internet, wadibana izixhobo, ukusebenza nto leyo nayo isekelwe phezu migaqo ephuhliswe ngokukodwa kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Umzekelo, umgca eqhelekileyo ifowuni, esiza kusetyenziswa onke, ngokusekelwe kwi protocol obuphuma kuvumela umatshini ukujonga ukuba ukususwa handset kwi iyunithi, yona efumana umnxeba, ukuba bayayamkela into osithelisayo, kwakunye nenombolo ufu- ngayo.

Ngethemba, ngoku ndiyasiqonda isizathu sokuba ihlabathi computer kwakufuneka ulwimi eqhelekileyo (ekuthiwa protocol), kucacile ikhompyutha nganye ehlabathini.

Izivumelwano Internet Basic thaca TCP / IP, POP3, SMTP, FTP, HTTP, IMAP4, WAIS, Gorpher, WAP. Nganye kwezi migaqo ukwenza imisebenzi ethile.

Le protocol esisiseko kwi-Internet TCP / IP - protocol okudalwe ezingqondweni best uluntu. Enye bemeko- lo protocol yaba Vinton Cerf. Namhlanje, le ndoda ingqalelo 'uyise uthungelwano lwehlabathi. " Ke kaloku Vinton Cerf ukusebenza uSekela Mongameli Senior kwindalo kunye nophuhliso lwezakhiwo Internet Corporation MCI WorldCom Inc.

Sebenza kwi Control protocol of the iProtokholi Protocol / of Internet Protocol (okt TCP / IP) zigqityiwe ngo-1972, iqela developers elikhokelwa Vinton Cerf na.

Ekuqaleni TCP / IP sokufezekisa i-US Defense Department, kodwa ke olandelwayo liyalambatha ngamaseko angaphakathi anika injongo yayo iye yaba iseti esisiseko yemithetho ukuba i Internet jikelele ukufumana ekhawulezayo yobhekiso phambili. Ngaphandle lo protocol isebenza uthungelwano ezincinane usebenzisa iteknoloji Internet - intranets. Namhlanje, imigangatho TCP / IP migaqo ezivulekileyo kunye ngokuqhubekayo ngcono.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba TCP / IP okunene imithetho enye, kubume bayo - luluhlu iprotocol ezisebenza kunye. Le protocol iqulathe lamanqanaba ezimbini. Injongo yale eliphezulu maleko protocol - TCP, kukuba balungiselelwe eyiyo ukuguqula idatha iipakethi zolwazi ukufikelela umkhosi lizwe njengesiseko ukwakhiwa umyalezo yokuqala. Kwinqanaba protocol ephantsi - developers IP wabeka umsebenzi nasekubekeni iliso kwindlela yokunikwa oluchanekileyo imiyalezo kuyo.