Ladoga Canal izolo nanamhlanje

Omnye izakhiwo ezukileyo, leyo kunyanzelekile eRashiya ukuya Tsar uPetros Okokuqala, lo Ladoga Canal. Ngelo xesha, ukuba idlale indima enkulu kuphuhliso karhulumente, ukuqinisekisa nazingxaki ezamahala urhwebo kunye eYurophu hayi kuphela. ezimakhulu mabini iminyaka ijelo waya iinqanawa impahla. Namhlanje ke yindawo apho abahlali kwiNgingqi iLeningrad ungathanda ukuba bakhululeke kunye nentlanzi. Abaninzi kubo umyezo e-CHT "19 km Ladoga Canal."

yolwazi lwejiyografi

Ngubani baseRashiya abayazi edume Lake Ladoga? Ngapha koko, ukuba ibhulorho zokusindisa ubomi-kangangamawaka iLeningrad ngexesha ukuqapha. Kuyinto ngaselunxwemeni kwedike Yolule Ladoga Canal. Schlisselburg and New Ladoga - umzi, apho ibekwe phezu kwintsimi zokuphuma ayo ekupheleni. Canal inxulumanisa imilambo ezimbini - i Neva kunye Volkhov. Ubude bayo ngumgama oziikhilomitha 117. Staraya Ladoga ome Ladoga Canal.

ukwakhiwa IMVELAPHI

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba 1703 mlawuli Russian uPeter Omkhulu waqalisa ukwakhiwa komzi ogudle le Neva River, ezidlala indima eyinkunzi kwixesha elizayo. Le mbono wamazwi, kodwa bumntwisiwe oko kwadala uuba yi iimpawu yokubona ezikhethelwe ukwakhiwa. Waye singqongwe imigxobhozo ezininzi lomlambo, ngoko ke kunikwe izikolo izinto kufuneka wenziwe kuphela ebusika, xa amadike zagutyungelwa ice zamafu. Njengoko kuba Lake Ladoga, sasahluke nogonyamelo "like" wababulala neenqanawa ngaphezu kwekhulu nabantu kunye impahla exabisekileyo. Ukongeza, impahla ephezu Vyshnevolotskaya wamanzi ukusuka iVolga ukuya eBaltic, nje zange yenzelwe ukuhamba phezu kolwandle ngenxa nemvula eliphantsi. Storm bemfazwe Ladoga, yayahluke kancinane elwandle kunye nezithuthi ezinamavili ezifana ngokungathi kutyunyuzwa.

A capital elizayo kwafuneka ukuba yakhiwe. Kwaye oku, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuseka unxibelelwano kurhwebo kunye Europe. Isisombululo eliphezulu uPetros ingqalelo kwendalo umjelo, nto leyo eya uzakufun aukugqithisa edikeni kwaye ifaka kwiBaltic kunye namazwe yeYurophu. ekuqaleni Yayibizwa ngokuba uMlawuli Petra Velikogo Canal, ngoko Petrovsky, Ladoga, yaye namhlanje eyaziwa ngokuba Ladoga Canal. Ibali wakhe yaqala ngo-1718 kunye ummiselo Peter I kokuqala kokwakhiwa.

Ukwakhiwa itshaneli uPetros

Kwiinyanga ezintandathu emva kokuba umthetho okhankanywe ngentla yaqala eRashiya kwisakhiwo era lesithathu ngobukhulu uPetros Omkhulu (yokuqala neyesibini - oko St. Petersburg Kronstadt).

Ngokutsho uyilo, Ladoga Canal kufuneka ububanzi kweekhilomitha ezili-25 kunye nobude kweekhilomitha ezili-111, ukuthatha imvelaphi yayo ebumelwaneni Novaya Ladoga and "finishiruya" kwi Shlisselburg. Gateway ekuqaleni ebelizicwangcisile ukuba kuxhotyiswe.

Ukwakhiwa wayeza kuba nzima yaye zibiza imali eninzi kakhulu. I koMlawuli bacule kulo lonke Russian ezizodwa 'channel' irhafu-70 eesenti xa indlu ngamnye umlimi kunye kopecks-5 ukusuka engange nganye efunyanwa ngabarhwebi.

Peter mna ngokobuqu inxaxheba ekufezekisweni iingcamango zakhe. Enakho yokuqala wesishwankathelo channel. Ukongeza, ukumkani ngokobuqu uthuthwa kwibala iikiliva ukuba idama elizayo ngosuku lokuqala lokwakha.

(- 60 000 kuzo zonke) ngamakhoboka, abahlali kunye namajoni: inani elikhulu labantu Ukususela imisebenzi 1719 ukuya 1723 zaye kweliso uMajor General Skornyakov-Pisarev uyawathanda zokwakha. Abaninzi kubo wafa, abakwazi ukumelana nemozulu ngqwabalala kunye neemeko ezinzima zokusebenza. Oku, kwakunye IMfazwe Enkulu Northern, umsebenzi leyo izicwangciso uPetros kugqitywa kwiminyaka emibini lonakele.

Ngowe-1773-m, wafika kule ndawo kunye nokuhlola imeko, * uKhesare waba aneliseke kakhulu kunye isantya umsebenzi. Furriers-Pisarev kunye nabancedisi bakhe - amagcisa amaJamani - babanjwa, yaye omlawuli kwakhiwe esinye uPetros wamisela uLt-jikelele - Burchart-Christopher von Munnich.

Saqhubeka livelier - Ladoga Canal wakhula yi ephala. Munnich watsala ezayame imfazwe leyo olukhawulezisiweyo inkqubo; kwaye kucetywa ukuba ukongeza kwiprojekthi Gateway, ebekumele ukuba ukukhusela emjelweni ukusuka intlokoma yamanzi e Lake Ladoga.

Uhlengahlengiso kwizicwangciso wenza uPetros imfazwe wasePersi, apho inkoliso servicemen abathabatha inxaxheba esakhiweni yafuduswa, kodwa bohluke kuzo le meko ayikatshintshi.

Ngo-Oktobha 1724, kwaba ulungele kwahlula lomsele lebhokisi kwilali Novaya Ladoga Dubno. Kule sayithi uPetros Akwazi ukukhwela, kwaye ukufika kwi mzila owokugqibela kuye.

Ukwakha phantsi uCatherine Yokuqala

Oswelekileyo uPetros etroneni kubekwa uCatherine kuqala. Xa ukwakhiwa it elithile bhuxe kodwa Munnich, bolevshy seprojekthi kungekho ngaphantsi kwe ukumkani emva kwexesha, kuye kwenziwa umsebenzi waqalwa. Ukususela ngo 1728 Ladoga Canal waqhubeka ukwakha ngesantya okukhawulezileyo.

Oko washiya Kumgama lokugqibela, kodwa kwaba nzima kakhulu ngenxa yokuba umhlaba enamatye. On icandelo encinane anxibelelanisa umlambo Neva kunye Kobona, wathabatha kangangoko 2 iminyaka.

Ukwakhiwa lomsele sagqitywa ngo-Oktobha ka-1730.

Kuvulwa Ladoga Canal

It nje Kwenzeka owavula ngumqondo uPetros Ndikhe na ezihlangwini zakhe, nomfazi wakhe uCatherine Okokuqala, nomtshana yabo Anne Ioannovne, ukuba indawo UCatherine ukuba 'iposi'.

Kumsitho wokuvula lwenzeka ngoMatshi 19, 1730. Ngexesha uKumkanikazi buqu Anna wabatshabalalisa umhlakulo udonga lokugqibela (Oxhumayo) kwisixeko Shlisselburg.

Ngokutsho kwijelo, elisuke laba imisebenzi inkulu hydraulic of the World eNdala, saqalisa izitya ukuya.

Iminyaka yokuqala yokusebenza

Ixesha lokuqala ukuthutha amanzi imithwalo theka ihashe zokutsalwa kwimithwalo. Indlela ecaleni Ladoga Canal wazaliswa rhoqo namahashe (okanye, ngaphantsi rhoqo, Burlakov), nto leyo ngokusebenzisa twine banduluka kwetyala.

inkqubo ababandakanyekayo emkhosini, kwakunye amavolontiya avela le nkonzo.

Launch zokwakha entsha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu baguqula kwindawo ezingqongileyo. A umfutho enamandla kuphuhliso ndafumana umsebenzi wezandla, ukuloba, ezolimo, unokwakhela. Inani labemi lakhula, wakha iidolophu, iilali kunye nemizi.

ixabiso Vehicle Staraya Ladoga (ngoko Petrovsky) mzila nzima ukuze zazi. Ukongeza, ukuba wawongwa kutshintsha iziko yasemkhosini.

Unxunguphalo ukuzalwa

Yiminyaka elishumi kokwakhiwa uPetros Great ukuze isebenze kakuhle. Kodwa ke ukungabikho olufanelekileyo kweliso, ukhathalelo kunye nokugcinwa wadlala indima elibi. Siteshi waqala ukuyisonga. Wawa azisalungiseki zokuphuma emathambekeni eziwayo, amanzi akwanelanga, waye kakubi kwakugcwele.

Lo mbi imeko wamangalelwa Munnich. Ngokutsho inkundla, uLieutenant-Jikelele wathunyelwa ekuthinjweni eSiberia.

Ukuphucula imeko 1759-1762 wazama A. P. Gannibal (aka - Arap Petra Omkhulu), kodwa watsho phantsi. Wabuyela nje isingqiniso uCatherine yesibini Munnich ilawula ukuhlangulwa irubhrikhi ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo. Uye wenze ulwabiwo-mali evela kuNondyebo ukucima ijelo kwaye ukulungisa izakhiwo ezidilikileyo.

Unomdla kwimpumelelo nemisebenzi eyenziwe buqu n channel ukubukela, yaye njengelinge lakhe, wafumana yokungena entsha. Kamva kwakukho omnye umnyango in Shlisselburg. Konke oku kunyuse amandla kwemithambo amanzi, yaye ityala lakhe baqalisa ukuya nzima. Ukongeza iilori, waqalisa khona ukuba wenziwe ezithwala zothutho kwi izikhephe ezikhethekileyo - treshkotah. Navigation wawuqala ukuya iintsuku ezimakhulu mabini ngonyaka.

Ukuvela i "ezihlangwini"

liqulunqe Urhulumente Russian, isikali urhwebo wakhula, kwaye ijelo Staraya Ladoga sele kunzima ukuphumeza "iimbopheleleko" ebekwe phezu kwakhe. Ngoko ke, ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, kwagqitywa ekubeni kwakhiwe esinye isiteshi.

wokwakha kutsha yaqala ngo-1861 kwaye yaphela kwangoko 1865. Ekuqaleni siteshi igama emva Alexander II, owaqala le projekthi, waza wabizwa ngokuba Ladoga.

Yiyo le isakhiwo, yokuphuma enamandla ngakumbi zihambile, nto leyo yaba ububanzi buziimitha 50-60, wathabatha phezu omkhulu othi "hit". A Staraya Ladoga (aka uPetros) channel ngaphezulu le mpahla wayeka kwanasemva imbalela ngo-1826, yaba phezu "eceleni." Ngokutsho kuye, "waqhuba" eYafo, izikhephe kunye ifula, kwakunye izitya ezize ebuya evela St Petersburg.

Xa ekuqaleni 20 kwinkulungwane sh amajelo parallel kaloliwe ogangathiweyo, wawa kabukhali imfuno zombini yamanzi.

Ladoga Canal namhlanje

Yintoni kanye kanye la Ladoga Canal namhlanje? Photo of ngxelo imbi wakhe ... Yinto phantse womile kwaye ayegqunyelelwe iingcongolo kunye nengca kunye. Le projekthi wamazwi Petra Velikogo kakhulu ayinyamezeleki - kwiindawo ezininzi ububanzi balo ayidluli imitha. Kungcono ukukhangela inxalenye umjelo, bekuza nje emdeni Shlisselburg - iintshinyela akukho baninzi kakhulu, kwaye kwezinye iindawo uyakwazi ukudada ngephenyane elincinane. Emazantsi kwichibi le khotsho ngomaleko omkhulu womhlaba ze ngodaka esikhukulayo, imisinga, phantse namnye.

Kunjalo, ophehlwa uqhubeka andiva kule ngingqi. Ngokomzekelo, la majelo rhoqo ukufumana ulwazi malunga neengozi kwi Staraya Ladoga channel xa abaqhubi unelishwa ebhabha kwingoma kwaye unelungelo emanzini. Uninzi lwezi iingozi, ngelishwa, ukuphela kokufa.

Kodwa hayi kuphela kwizihlandlo ezinjalo kwintlekele khumbula balapha channel. Okokuqala, coast yalo SNT, ekuthiwa - "19 km Ladoga Canal"; kwaye okwesibini, apha kunokuba lokuloba elungileyo!

umphakathi garden

Kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, ilizwe endhawini umjelo ekhethwe balimi engahlawulwayo. Urhulumente eyabelwe iziza abantu apha, kwaye bonwabile zakubuyisela elimiweyo, ukwakha izindlu kunye nokukhula iziqhamo kunye nemifuno. Enye yezi zinto - ". 19 km Ladoga Canal" SNT Le ibekwe kwindawo laseSwazini, singqongwe amahlathi, apho ihlobo izele amakhowa nasebusika ungakwazi umtyibilizi. imithi Birch, nompleyini kunye nespruce ezikhula kwiindawo kunye egadini.

umhlaba kwi CHT "19 km Ladoga Canal", ncomo apho uninzi HIV - oku iphupho abahlala isixeko abaninzi abafuna ukwazi ukuphumla ngamaxesha ukusuka ephithizelayo yase esi sixeko esifubeni wendalo.

UMbutho indlela asphalt kwisiza uye kwisikhululo sokumpompa amanzi, amanzi zokunkcenkceshela zikwazi ukuthathwa emithonjeni.

Ladoga Canal: lokuloba kunye neempawu zayo

Namhlanje, xa ukuqhutywa kwi channel Staraya Ladoga wayeka ngokupheleleyo, akazange baqale value yayo ngokwemiqathango lokuloba. Kakade ke, akunako kuzo zonke iinkalo (ezinye kakhulu koma, kwaye omnye uya uyichole ngenxa dacha, okanye neengcongolo), kodwa ezinye iindawo apho "isonka."

Kungcono yokuhambisa ukuloba ukusuka isikhephe motor. Kodwa ebumelwaneni Novaya Ladoga kwiindawo ezininzi apho iluncedo ukuphosa intonga lokuloba edadayo okanye ujikeleza ukusuka elunxwemeni. Zifumaneka Staraya Ladoga zeCARP, zakhele, tench, bream, Roach, nguyá, IDE, bream, rotan, zakhele, Pike kunye nezinye iintlobo ezithile iintlanzi. Kukho indawo lokulungisa enjalo, nto leyo evumela ukuba ukungena emanzini kunye 'bazingela "imveliso izandla phantse ebalelelwe lilanga. Nceda abalobi babamba umlomo nesplavnyh nemingenela channel.

Fishing kunokwenzeka nangaliphi na ixesha enyakeni. Ukuze ukhethe ilungelo yokuwisa oko ithiyelwe ngako, unako ukubala uyaphumelela.

Staraya Ladoga - le into phantsi kokhuselo UNESCO

Asinguye wonke umntu uyazi ukuba Staraya Ladoga channel, wathi kunyaka ophelileyo engama wayo 285th, vika yi-UNESCO. Lo mbutho sele ifakiwe kule propati kuluhlu leMveli kwiHlabathi, kuba lixabiso yembali.

Ngelishwa, ziyahlelwa ijelo de yokuba isiphumo. Njengoko sele kutshiwo ngentla apha, ke kancinane uyafa. Amanzi ngaphantsi, nengqushu ngasechwebeni ngakumbi nangakumbi qho ngonyaka. Nditsho urhulumente akukho izicwangciso kwisikali kuvuselelwa Staraya Ladoga. Ukuba ukubuyisa andule kuphela ezo ndawo ibekwe Shlisselburg kunye Novaya Ladoga.

umlingo ezenziwe

Ihlabathi ayikho kangako indalo wezandla zabantu ukuba akhubeka ezingqondweni. Petrovsky channel (aka Staroladozhsky) - omnye wabo. abaphila, bawuphanga inkqubela lobuchule, kunzima ukucinga abantu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-18, ngaphandle oomatshini ezikhethekileyo kunye nezinye izixhobo, bakwazi ukwakha umatshini enjalo ngayo. Namhlanje, kubonakala maphupho lokwenene. Kodwa enyanisweni, akukho umlingo wayengekho apho. Nje ngamawaka abasebenzi bokwakha baye bancama ubomi babo ngenxa yegama zokuqwalasela iphupha uPetros Great, waza wenza phantse engenakwenzeka.

Ezi amaxhoba babonge kunye ijelo ngokwayo kunye mzi, apho yonke into yaqaliswa yaye ngubani wabumisela ukuze sibe kwikomkhulu okhanyayo yoBukhosi baseRashiya.