Makovsky uKonstantin Egorovich: biography, umsebenzi

Makovsky uKonstantin Egorovich (1839-1915) - a darling abonwabileyo wethamsanqa - Ndakhulela kwindawo apho yonke into ephefumlayo vutshila. Wayemthanda ubuhle kuzo zonke iintlobo zayo obubonakala kunye wangxama capture layo canvases zabo.

ekhaya Makovsky

Makovsky intsapho enkulu, ebandakanya uyise Yegor Ivanovich, ababethanda vutshila ngokuthembeka waza wenza lukhulu ukudala i-School of Umzobo kunye Umfanekiso ku eMoscow, imvumi unina ezintle Lyubov Kornilievny, oonyana abathathu kunye noodade ababini owayehlala endlini enkulu abandamkela Moskva River eweni. I yesicelo wawubonakala evela iifestile. Kuyo kwakukho Glinka, Gogol, Pushkin, Shchepkin, yaye kamva K. P. Bryullov, VA Tropinin. Bonke abantwana bakhula, ucinga ukuqokelelwa kayise, ukumamela iincoko malunga ubugcisa, umculo, imidlalo yeqonga noncwadi. UYise ngentlonipho libhekisela zobugcisa, ucinga ukuba ofaka a lwesintu umntu. Wayesebenza kunye noonyana bakhe, nibafundisa ukuba benze iikopi beziva zakhe ezinqabileyo. Kodwa ingakumbi abantwana Mna ndenza Tropinin, bamlandela ngokusondeleyo emva kwabo. Bonke bephela kamva baba ngabapeyinti, kodwa wayesebenza ntlobo ezahlukeneyo. Makovsky uKonstantin Egorovich, qala ukuzoba ukusuka kwiminyaka emine ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi waqala ukufumana imfundo professional.

iminyaka yokufunda

Ngowe-1851 inkwenkwe smart wangena Moscow School of Irestyu yeHlabathi. Waba abafundisi MI YaseScotty and SK Zaryanko. Kodwa nempembelelo enkulu phezu kwakhe yaye Tropinin kunye Bryullov, ngubani ke ngoko ukuba bade lodumo. iminyaka emithandathu esikolweni wabaleka ngathi ngephanyazo, yaye ngoku Makovsky uKonstantin Egorovich ngo-1857, wathumela ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe eSt Petersburg, kwi-Academy of Arts Fine. Yena wayenomdla umzobo zembali. Ngomnyaka wesihlanu uqeqesho ngo-1862, wafumana ibhaso womzobo "I-arhente ye-Pretender Dmitri ukusibulala Borisa Godunova, unyana." Kubhaliwe kwathiwa njenge umsebenzi nembali yothando. Kodwa emva konyaka, engavumi ukupeyinta kwi umxholo esiphakanyiswa Academy, Makovsky uKonstantin Egorovich bephuma Academy of Arts. Wafumana isihloko izidanga umzobi 2 kuphela. Kamva, wayeza kuba i academician.

Isiqalo

Le artist oselula nto bekumele. wayesele wazuza udumo ngokubhala umzobo Tsar uMkhululi ukuba Embassy Russian eLondon ngexesha kakhulu elifutshane, zonke ngexesha elinye. Lo ingqalelo umsebenzi wakhe indlu yakomkhulu leyo zange anyanzelwe ukuba alinde-odolo ezivela abathengi silk. Kule 60s umculi babesebenza eni of izikhakhamela. Ngokwendalo, ukunyuka kunye holo akhe. Ngenxa yoko, Makovsky uKonstantin Egorovich Yena ufumana uzuko portraitist ezikrelekrele. portraits yakhe esesikweni mahle kakhulu, ezifana ngebala kunye nokwakheka. Okumangalisayo kakuhle zibhalelwe imivumbo ukukhanya kunye nelaphu selubala kunye velvety, ngamatye abengezelayo phezu bakhe izandla, iintamo, iindlebe, braids yegolide, ziyibhinqele ngokwabo lo uMyalelo. disclosure Ubunzulu wezengqondo ezotywe umlinganiswa ke musa zahlukile. Kodwa ke oko akuthethi ukuba abathengi yayo.

Imifanekiso amalungu entsapho yasebukhosini kunye layo yazo

Ukususela abancinane kakhulu lobudala kakhulu iya kuba opeyintayo enkundleni Makovsky. Wayalela lo mfanekiso yoMlawuli kunye uKumkanikazi, i-Grand liTshawe neTshawekazi Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya, nendalo esiphezulu. Zonke ezi mizobo ibonisa ukwanda ikhono wegcisa. Nezamkelekileyo zimane ezikholekileyo emehlweni. Beautiful kunye imifuziselo ngokwabo kwaye eli qela de wonke ngeenxa zonke. "Umfanekiso sisidwangube Maria Mikhailovna Volkonskaya" eyenziwa nxamnye kwimvelaphi lokuzenzela iBurgundy nzulu. kanye situlo oluhlala i sisidwangube, nebomvu, zalungisa ngegolide, kwaye kuwo ngokungakhathali waphoswa phezu ekapa ngombala ermine. INtloko sisidwangube nge elula ogudileyo iinwele ezihonjiswe unkontsho emnyama ngamatye anqabileyo, leyo ingqamana indlela umhombiso entanyeni. imodeli dress njengekhephu-emhlophe icompetition emhlophe ulusu ubuncwane izandla kunye namagxa. intamo yalo ngeenxa into ezihonjiswe ngentsontelo yemisonto emsi, iintsiba kunye brooch iikarbhunkolo. Ezandleni zakhe, ehonjiswe kunye izacholo nemisesane, - fan isiqingatha-evulekileyo. Emfakamfele yotsalo-phantsi ukuya emqukumbelweni iintyatyambo kwawo kunye namahlamvu yomhombiso basigqibezele ilokhwe. Le modeli uyabulawa isidima cwaka.

domesticity

ixesha elithile Makovsky usizobela kwi indlela ngokoqobo. Oku ixesha rapprochement kunye ngabelusi. Makovsky uKonstantin Egorovich, ogama imizobo abonisa Imizobo theka kwi ubomi babantu abaqhelekileyo eSt Petersburg, umzekelo, "womhlolokazi" okanye "kumthungi", akunanto yakwenza ngokoqobo kakhulu na. Kodwa kukho 70s Makovsky ihamba kufutshane ihlabathi lomculo Petersburg ngowe-1866 aze atshate actress Elena Timofyevna Burkova. Xa ekhaya babo nobubele kukho abaqambi, iimvumi, iimvumi kunye namalungu "oligorha kwabambalwa". Kodwa uyolo isibini oselula yajika-obufutshane - umfazi wagula nesifo sephepha waza wafa ngo-1873. Ngowe-1874, "Phakathi ingxolo ibhola," igcisa Makovsky uKonstantin Egorovich wazana intombazana eselula ubuhle bawabulala - Yulia Pavlovna Letkovoy. Yena mhle njengoko ingelosi, kodwa umculo kuphela. yomculi lwakhe, kunye uKonstantin Nina ayikho kuphela enhle, abanembeko, uyathandeka, kodwa abe Baritone ezintle, ucula eqongeni yobungcali. Ngoko khangela ngaphambi komtshato Makovsky uKonstantin Egorovich. Lo mfanekiso kweyakhe. Ngokubanzi, lo mtshato kwenzeka ngo-1875. Umahluko yobudala zange indihluphe nabo iminyaka emashumi mabini. Kodwa ngo-1873 - iminyaka 1876 umzobi waya Afrika, ngakumbi ngqo, eCairo. Ukusuka apho, igcisa Makovsky uKonstantin Egorovich emifanekiso kuzisa exotic. umbala wabo bha imifanekiso ngokupheleleyo ubomi egwetyiwe empumalanga. A ubuhle intsomi kunye amahle, ngokuthumela incasa okuneziqholo basempumalanga, ekupeyinteni "Ukwandiswa Carpet Ezingcwele e Cairo" (1896), kuya kuba umlawuli. Makovsky mkhaya uhlala e Paris, yokuhlangana apho kunye nosapho Viardot, ngoko eSt Petersburg, ukunxibelelana kunye namagcisa Russian. umtshato wabo, enqamleza de 1898, uzelwe abantwana abathathu. Kodwa igcisa yokubonisana arhola ingqalelo ubuhle elinomtsalane Maria Alekseevnu Matavtinu, lowo watshata emva kwaloo mtshato. Le manyano wayenabantwana abane. Le artist wayethanda ukuzoba kunye nabantwana, kunye eni nosapho. Baqhubeka kakhulu kunene.

Mizobo kwimixholo zembali

Makovsky evela kuyise uthando lwakhe ukuqokelela ngqokelela. Usoloko ufuna ezidinga izinto zobomi yamandulo, izacholo, impahla, leyo ke isetyenziswe womzobo. Compositionally, ziyindawo kwisigaba wokubonelwa, njengomzobi ebesoloko nomdla yeqonga. Loo "abaqalise 'umfanekiso unako kuqwalaselwa" itheko Boyarsky lomtshato kwinkulungwane XVII "(1883). Oku multi-nani ukupeyinta nokuhombisa luchaphazela, into eninzi ingqalelo ngononophelo izinto ezibizayo yasekhaya (lwendlovu), izitya aphesheya kunye iikomityi iimilo ezahlukeneyo engaqhelekanga, iimpahla ezingaqhelekanga kunye amalaphu of yiBrocade kunye velvet rytogo. Feast lufikelele esiphelweni, kwaye wenze isidlo utyikityo - dada. Le ukupeyinta, njengamanye imisebenzi emininzi yi umzobi, "ekhohlo" amazwe, ekuqaleni waye eMelika, kwaye ngoku - eNetherlands. Kwakhona, imisebenzi emihle kunye nezinye yi umzobi, balandela kamva - "Nxiba ngendlela lomtshakazi isibingelelo" (1890), "okanye bephuzana isiko" (1895), ngokusekelwe isiqephu ukusuka inoveli ngu Tolstoy "Silver Prince", kunye nabanye abaninzi kolu ngcelele. Le misebenzi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo, savoring iinkcukacha, iinkcukacha ebuhleni yabo yonke, besonwabela umbala zawo ezifanayo yegolide, nanye impahla yesilivere. Exotic "Boyarsky uhlobo 'yasungulwa uKonstantin Egorovich Makovsky. Inkcazelo imifanekiso luncedo kangako, kodwa amehlo umbukeli aze ambonise indlela oluyiyo amalaphu kunye umhombiso kwizakhiwo, nesikhumba ezingcakacileyo, exhamle ubuncwane kwi ubuso amantombazana, neentloni yabo, nezinxibo nokuceba. Konke oku basemzini wayeyoliswa kakhulu, yaye inkoliso misebenzi ngokuqokelela zabucala aphesheya. Makovsky Art aphengela ukuvela Umqondiso nobuGcisa Nouveau. Kwakhona nje tameke ubuhle ibingakholeleki.

Abasetyhini kunye neentloko abantwana

Ezi Imizobo ezincinane zazisoloko ethandwa kakhulu. Beautiful ubuso kwi boyaryshen ngesigqubuthelo ukunika nje ithuba ukuyiphatha ubunyulu wentombi, ubuhle, amalaphu enomoya ezinamanqwanqwa, amaso multi-umqolo, amacici ezijingayo. amehlo Huge ukuba ufuna kurhaxwa, nasemashiyini ezimnyama Sable vrazlet, imilebe nebomvu kunye iikona wamvusa - zonke encomekayo. Akumangalisi ke ngokuphindaphindiweyo okukhuphelweyo okanye zipapashwe kwi makhadi.

ukufa womzobi

Makovsky uKonstantin Egorovich, ogama biography kwi yonke kwabakho owonwabileyo, wafa nje phambi kokuba revolution, ngo-1915. Wayeneminyaka iminyaka emashumi asixhenxe anesithandathu. Ushiye ilifa ebalulekileyo, inxalenye nto wathengisa ngayo umhlolokazi. Yena wangcwatyelwa eSt Petersburg mculi. Kodwa emva kokuba iziganeko olululo ingcwaba ebilahlekile.