UKonstantin Makovsky: ngobomi umsebenzi wegcisa. UKonstantin Makovsky: picture engcono, biography

Biography igcisa Makovskogo Konstantina namhlanje zifihlwe umzalwana amanqugwala wakhe Vladimir - eyaziwa emele ngabelusi. Noko ke, Constantine ushiye uphawu yalo ubugcisa bokuba a kakhulu, ngomzobi elizimeleyo.

ekhaya Makovsky

Ifani Makovsky waziwa kakuhle ubugcisa Russian. Uyise Yegor Ivanovich Makovsky yaba wezobugcisa abadumileyo e Moscow, i ngomzobi engahlawulwayo. Ahlela "isikolo ngokupheleleyo 'amagcisa nowayeza kwaziwa Moscow School of Irestyu yeHlabathi.

Le ntsapho usoloko waba umoya lokudala ayimangalisi into yokuba zonke zontathu abantwana Yegor Ivanovich baba zabazobi. Indlu wayedla ngokutyelela abahlobo kayise - ngabapeyinti uKarl Bryullov kunye Vasily Tropinin, ukuhlangana apha inokuba kunye nombhali Gogol, nomdlali Shchepkin, Glinka umqambi. I-ntsapho rhoqo amalungiselelo iingokuhlwa zoncwadi kwaye umculo, iingxoxo malunga wena baba. Konke oku kwanefuthe ukuyilwa abantwana. Adult uKonstantin Makovsky wathi impumelelo yakhe ukupeyinta, ubophelelekile kuphela kuyise, owaba nako ukuhlala uthando lwakhe ineradicable ya vutshila.

Lo mkhaya nabantwana abathathu: unyana omdala Constantine, intombi ka-Alexander kunye omncinane - Vladimir. Ubutyebi kule ntsapho wayethobekile, kodwa waba ngukumkani umoya art babuyekezwe ngokupheleleyo ngenxa bonke bajonga.

ebuntwaneni uConstantine

Ukususela ebuntwaneni, uKonstantin Makovsky shi kwimizobo, enyanisweni, wayengazi nayiphi na ebomini, yaye awayemiselwe ukukhetha umendo mculi. Bonke abantwana eselula kakhulu waqalisa ukuzoba.

Kostya, njengoko umntwana yokuqala intsapho, waqala ngokuthi ukuba wasondela kuyise nabahlobo bakhe, xa bexoxa imizobo kunye nezicwangciso zabo, imizobo kunye nemizobo yabonisa. Konke oku Wabumba iimbono lobugcisa kunye nomdla lenkwenkwe.

Ukufumana wezandla

Ngowe-1851, uKonstantin Makovsky ungena kwisikolo yooyise ukupeyinta, ukukrola kunye bokwakha. Abacebisi bakhe apho - V. Tropinin, M. Scott, S. Zaryanko, A Mokritsky. Apha, kule minyaka isixhenxe wenkwenkwe kwakhiwa umculi nge yakhe, imbono yokuqala yehlabathi kwaye wamfundisa iziseko zobugcisa kufanekisela.

Kwisikolo waba ngumfundi wokuqala ufumene zonke mabhaso kunokwenzeka. Ngowe-1858 uKonstantin wangena Academy of Arts e St. Petersburg - iziko imfundo engcono kwicandelo lobugcisa kuBukhosi Russian. Ngexesha izifundo zakhe, yena rhoqo umboniso umsebenzi wakhe mboniso yonyaka ye-Academy, nkqu wafumana imbasa yegolide ngomsebenzi wakhe "Le njengabagunyaziswa Pretender Dmitri kubulala unyana Borisa Godunova."

Ngowe-1862 Makovsky liqalisa ifuna indlela kwimizobo, njengoko academicism kwabonakala nokuchitha lixesha.

Indlela kubuGcisa

UKonstantin Makovsky (imifanekiso, biography wegcisa zithiwe thaca kweli nqaku) Ofuna isimbo sakhe, ufuna ukuvakalisa ihlabathi wangaphakathi. Ngowe-1863 yena, kunye namanye amagcisa ezilishumi ukuba zithathe inxaxheba kukhuphiswano i-Grand Gold Molteno of the Academy of Arts, uyala ukupeyinta phambili, utverzhdennnuyu izifundiswa.

Kwafuneka ukuba bashiye isikolo, kunye Makovsky awaba nako ukufumana idiploma yemfundo. Esi siganeko yabizwa ngokuba "imvukelo elinesine". Bethe kukuba kwamagcisa babefuna inkululeko ukubhala basebenza ezamahala isihloko, kodwa Academy akazange afune ukuya kubahlangabeza. Enyanisweni, yaba kukuvukela kumakhamandela academicism kwaye luphawu i asakhasayo wesikolo omtsha ngokoqobo, apho uKonstantin Makovsky ziya kudlala indima ephambili.

Ngowe-1863, igcisa izibandakanya iqela I. Archaeology kwaye usebenza uhlobo asakhulayo ngeentlobo womzobo. Ngowe-1870 Makovsky waba ngomnye lwabasunguli kunye inspirers ezizinzululwazi wokudala Association of amagcisa abahambahambayo kunye omninzi umsebenzi, echaza imifanekiso yobomi bemihla ngemihla.

Uye wayibonisa umsebenzi zombini imiboniso academic, kunye nesikhungu kunye ngabelusi. Xa nenani-80 Makovsky isiba portraits umbhali salon ethandwa kakhulu nemizobo ngemibandela zembali. Ngowe-1889 wafumana imbasa yegolide kwi womboniso yobugcisa eParis zoluhlu imisebenzi.

iibhrashi into Makovsky kwakukho izinto zembali, ubomi babantu, ubomi. Ngothando kwaye ngenkcazo ukuchana ubhala nesinxibo kunye ekutshoneni abalinganiswa. Ngasekupheleni nenani-80 umzobi liya waguqukela izifundo zembali, ubhala umfanekiso ocace ngakumbi, umzekelo, "Boyarsky lomtshato kwinkulungwane XVII", apho waba nempumelelo enkulu kunye noluntu nabagxeki. Njengoko zadalwa eni ezininzi zabantu ezahlukeneyo.

Ilifa imifanekiso uKonstantin Makovsky ezimalunga nekhulu imizobo, abaninzi kubo mikhulu, njengalo elide (namhlanje bagcwele lweengqokelela zabucala kunye imyuziyam kulo lonke ihlabathi). Ukongeza, yena inxaxheba kuyilo Cathedral kaKristu Msindisi eMoscow.

umthe-

UKonstantin Makovsky, ogama imizobo ngoku ke into yokuba ingqalelo wabaqokeleli, yabaqokeleli olukhulu. Le uthando ke ilifa kuyise, owandithandayo iindidi zezinto zobuciko kunye kwakudala.

Ingcamango ingqokelela laliqulunqwe yi wegcisa la mazwi: ". Pretty endala" Ahambe izifundo zembali, waqokelela izinto ezahlukeneyo kunye nempahla, izinxibo, nento yonke batsalwa incasa ecwengileyo wegcisa.

Ngexesha entrainment umlimi umxholo, Makovsky uye waya kwiphondo Russian, ukuthenga izinto zasekhaya kunye nempahla. Journey ukuya eMpuma Yongeza ingqokelela inani elikhulu izinto oriental zekhaya, iikhaphethi, izacholo kunye nesinxibo. Ngenxa yoko, ngonyaka 80 th kule ndlu lomculi kwaba ngakumbi njenge yimyuziyam ngaphezu yokuhlala kwabantu.

Objects nkongozelo babedla njengesiseko nokudalwa ngemizobo. Ngoko, kwi "itheko lomtshato Boyarsky ngenkulungwane XVII", abahlalutyi phawula iinkcukacha yemizuzu kuqondana kunye izinxibo zembali kunye nempahla kwexesha. Ngu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane XX. Makovsky wayengomnye wababuthi inkulu eRashiya, kunye nomsebenzi wakhe ikhokele fashion zokuqokelela craze phakathi bohemians kunye noohlohlesakhe.

UKonstantin Egorovich enelunda kakhulu ingqokelela wakhe, ngovuyo wabonisa oko, wanika izinto imiboniso ezahlukeneyo. Emva kokufa kwakhe, kwathiwa imibutho kwifandesi, awawabeka izinto 1100, kunye result ukuba lo mhlolokazi wasindiswa ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sesigidi engange, nezinto baya kwingqokelela abantu kunye neemyuziyam. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, ibandla ingqibelelo ibekwe engozini, kunye nomsebenzi ixesha elide Makovsky waya ziingceba.

umsebenzi best

UKonstantin Makovsky, imifanekiso kakuhle, engobomi, leyo kodwa kufuneka babe yinto yezifundo zobugcisa, bashiya ilifa elikhulu. Phakathi imisebenzi yakhe edumileyo zezi: "Ukufa Ivana Groznogo", "Feast Boyar tvoix", "ukholo Bulgarian", "Minin kwi Nizhny Novgorod Fair", ". Ukhetho umtshakazi ngayo Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich"

Ubomi labucala wegcisa

UKonstantin Makovsky wayehamba kakhulu, waphila ixesha elithile eParis, utyelelo ezintathu Afrika, kwaye konke oku natyetyiswa umsebenzi wakhe, apho uya kufumana iimpawu kwimpucuko lutsha. Ngokuba kokufaneleka lakhe Makovsky wawongwa iButho Ilungelo yaseSt Anne.

Le artist wayetshatile kathathu. Umfazi wakhe wokuqala wabulawa sisifo sephepha, yaye Owesibini umtshato. Bonke ke baba abantwana abasithoba, apho kukho amagcisa nabasebenzi zenkcubeko.

1915 ethutha Septemba 30 New Style kunkqonkqoza umntu - ndenjenjalo ukubaleka ikhondo layo, uKonstantin Makovsky. Ubomi umsebenzi wegcisa wahlala kwimbali yokudweba Russian njengento page ebalulekileyo lokuba ngokoqobo.