Manani Agricultural Ekuveleni XVIII-XVIIII eminyaka

Kuyo xesha, ngoko ukuthetha, yobukho bomntu manani enentsingiselo ubukhulu abathile ebomini babantu. Ngenxa yokuba ulimo kukuba uninzi lwabantu na umsebenzi esisiseko, izibalo zamanani waza waqalisa ukuba abonakale ngoku ezantsi shishino ngaphambili kunye okukhulu. Xa siqwalasela imiba efana ne-manani yezolimo enkulu yanamhlanje eRashiya, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba lo mba senziwa ngendlela imida eyamkelekileyo noko yaba kuphela ngenkulungwane ye-18. Ngaphezu koko, ebudeni iincwadi yephondo phantse zonke ngenkulungwane ye-19 ukuba yaliwa akhawunti kuphela yembewu ukuvunwa, zange ingqalelo nayiphi na indawo sihlwayelwa indlela, leyo, ngokwemvelo, wayenza nzima ukugqiba isivuno. Kwaba kuphela kule minyaka 1882-1883, ulwazi lwaqokelelwa kumaphondo yeendawo lihlwayelwa khona.

Central Statistical IKomiti wafumana isivuno isihlobo

manani lwezoLimo Ekuveleni 18-19 eminyaka kunokuba phezulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ulwazi oluqokelelweyo kwi uninzi ezazivela ngokuzithandela kumazwi abanini bomhlaba. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba kwiindawo phantse de 1903 kuhlwayelwa ahlulwe iindidi ezimbini kuphela - possessory kunye isabelo. Kwaye kuphela utshintsho kumsebenzi we-Central Statistical yiKomiti ngo-1904 kuye kwalungiswa umhlaba ngandlel 'ithile liye landa, zaye zathengwa apho ngasese, waqeshisa nomhlaba isabelo.

An into umdla kukuba ukongeza ukwalathisa Central Statistical Committee of Statistics lwesityalo ukuba ibe nomdla kwaye isebe lezolimo kunye namashishini lwasemaphandleni, enxulumene Ministry of Property State and Agriculture. Ngelo ozozogidi enye, Kakade ke, nayo azithathelwa ngqalelo. Ulwazi olunomdla kungathathwa ukuba eli thuba manani kwezityalo, ngakumbi kanye isivuno okuziinkozo kunye nezinye izityalo lwaqhutywa kwi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Samah. Le yunithi womlinganiselo ozalanayo luphawulwa umlinganiselo feedstock imbewu kuvunwe. Umzekelo, isalathisi "ngokwakhe ezimbini" kwakuthetha ukuba ekuqaleni okuhlwayelwe ngesiqingatha, umzekelo, ingqolowa, kunokuba kamva iqokelelwe yesityalo yakhe.

Izibalo imfuyo

Kucacile ukuba, nangona kumabakala okuqala ngokwentelekiso ukuyilwa amanani lwezolimo ayikwazi ukuba imiqathango ozijonga banal beenkozo abadala kunye nezinye izityalo. Kakade ke, ukusa kumkhamo othile, yaye lwenziwa nokugcina imfuyo. Inani imfuyo ekhoyo ziquka zonke kwiincwadi efanayo yephondo, ngelo xesha lo mthombo wolwazi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba iinkcukacha-manani imfuyo ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-18 lwaqhutywa isebe lwezilwanyana Ministry of Internal Affairs (1863), nangona kunjalo, ulwazi inokuthenjwa ngalo mba baqala ukubathwala ngeenkuko ekuthiwa-emkhosini-ihashe census, apho imvelaphi yayo 1882, kwenziwa bonke kwindawo enye yiKomiti Central manani kumaphondo 58. Kucacile ukuba le ubalo lwaqhutywa bekhwele emahasheni, iminyaka yabo, abanini, njalo-njalo. Kodwa ke kukho ehasheni okanye Lubonakala ngakumbi, lo mgaqo, ngoxa kungenzeka kuqoqosho.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, nangona amanani zolimo yaye, okona kubaluleke kakhulu, yaba indawo igcwele-scale ubalo lwezolimo ukuze lonke Russia wenziwa kuphela ngo-1916. Kwakunxibelelene imfazwe kunye nemfuneko ingqalelo zonke izibonelelo ukutya yeli lizwe.