Microscopy - yintoni na le nto?

Ukubaluleka yesayensi nethekhinoloji eluntwini xa lulonke kunzima kakhulu ukuba ndikukhanyele. Oosonzululwazi kunye nophuhliso ndininikile oko konke eluntwini oko ngoku ivuyela ngovuyo kunye nokukhathalelwa. izazinzulu Development kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo ukuvumela ukoyisa isifo esibulalayo, nzima ukugula ngengqondo, ukudala unique i izixhobo, "smart" kunye nee- robhothi. The amathuba inzululwazi olungenasiphelo ngokwenene. ubuso ezintsha asoloko nabo izimvo ezintsha, apho waba isiseko kuphuhliso elizayo. Noko ke, kukho ezininzi yophuhliso isekelwe phezu iindlela ezilula nezingqinekayo.

zo ezininzi elidlulileyo sithetha ngento yokuba kukho macro, a sekuba. Kwinqanaba lophuhliso abantu ababa baqonde ubunzulu la mazwi. Ngapha koko, olukhulu kunye micro-jikelele kukho okunene kakhulu ndawonye. utshintsho Tiny kubume iseli unokubangwa utshintsho zehlabathi kwinkqubo elanga. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ukuba ukungqinelana okanye ukuchasa ulwalamano olunjalo kunzima kakhulu, kodwa ihlabathi iintsholongwane kunye nezifundo iseli lubonisa ukuba iseli - nendalo encinane.

microscopy

Microscopy - le nzululwazi ukufunda izinto ngemicroscope. Liguqulwe lithatyathwa kwigama lesiGrike elithetha "elincinane, encinane". Microscopy lungahlulwa-hlulwa zibe eziliqela sub-iintlobo: enombala, multiphoton, X-reyi, laser kunye elektroniki. Injongo yale ndlela yophando kukwandisa esweni injongosenzi kunye nokubhaliswa utshintsho waphawula.

History of neemicroscope

Ekuqaleni kuphuhliso yembali iimikroskopu baba izixhobo ezisebenzisa, ezisebenzisa imitha yokukhanya okubonakalayo. izixhobo ezinjalo siswele kakhulu ngokuqaphela yaye ilungele kuphela imisebenzi elula. Ingcamango ukuvela neemicroscope elektroniki wavela ngexesha apho iingcali sicinga radiation magnetic ithathwa i umqadi electron. Lo mcimbi sele incopho yothelekiso sokuphuhlisa kwemikroskopu, leyo landiswa kakhulu amathuba lokubhiyozela into.

ubuchule microscopy

Ukuze ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ngocoselelo unokuphonononga nayiphi na into ofuna ukuba basebenze algorithm ethile. ubuchule ezinjalo ziphuhliswa kanye kwaye asetyenziswe kwiminyaka. Ukuze ukuvavanya ihlabathi ngoncedo lwezixhobo ezizodwa, kubalulekile ukuba ulime iindlela ezizodwa. ubuchule microscopy - indibanisela ubuchule ezahlukeneyo, apho sinako ngokucokisekileyo yaye ngocwangco uphonononge into ethile le sekuba. Sicatshulwa umqadi ngokusebenzisa microscope lukhatshwa utshintsho abathile iimpawu lokuqala, enokubangelwa yi kwisakhiwo into noshowo. Le nkqubo kufuneka ikhatshwe uthotho nako ezifana reflection, edalwayo, refraction, eziziintsali, njl

Indlela microscopy ukukhanya

microscopy Ukukhanya - inkqubo iindlela ezisebenzisa iziphumo ezahlukeneyo enombala ukuba iziphumo ukubonisa oluthembekileyo. izinto ezibonakalayo kunye nohlobo umfanekiso onesiphumo iya kuba luxhomekeke kwi ukhanyiso. Xa zizonke kukho inani elikhulu ubuchule microscopy: intsimi Bright, ukhanyiso elibhalwe ngokumileyo, uphazamiseko koko, intsimi emnyama, indlela nokwehlukana, isigaba umahluko, yiultraviolet, ezijiko-jiko, microscopy infrared, microscope confocal.

Zonke ezi ndlela banamalungelo athile nezingalunganga. Ukusebenza, isampuli ukukhetha indlela ethile kufuneka isekelwe wokwanela yayo loo meko. Amandla kunye nobuthathaka indlela nganye ayibalulekanga luphela, okoko nje ndlela iye yasetyenziswa kwiimeko anikiweyo.

Microscopy namayeza

Ukusetyenziswa microscopy amayeza ngamandla enkulu. Namhlanje, enkosi iimikroskopu, ungenza ukuhlola iiseli ahlukeneyo emzimbeni womntu ukuze ikwazi ukubonisa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba imeko yempilo. Iiseli zomzimba ukunika iziphumo ezichanekileyo kwaye ithembekile, leyo kwada kutshanje kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba afumane, ekubeni neemicroscope akakwazi ukunika inkcazelo ebanzi.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo enjalo ethembisa kakhulu, kuba iindlela zonyango kunye Uxilongo ukuba kakhulu iinguqu kwaye ukuya kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Uphando ngemakroskopu yaziwa kwaye kusetyenziselwa ixesha elide, kodwa inzululwazi ophezu esengozini ephilisa iiseli zabantu. Eli lithuba eza kuvumela ukuba kude bashenxe kwiindlela zakudala unyango kunye ulibale ngayo iziyobisi. Cell - zizeyeyona nto enamandla umzimba. Ncokola malunga yintoni iingenelo kutshintsha umntu ogulayo iiseli ezinempilo, nje ngamampunge, kuba kaloku izicacele.

urinoscopy

Urinalysis - iseti lwemisebenzi ejoliswe ekuqinisekiseni ukuba ukufunda iimpawu umchamo nokubunjwa kwayo emzimbeni imichiza. Le iparameters ebalulekileyo kule meko ukuba umbala, ivumba, reaction, ukungafihli, ukuxinana, kunye xiyimiso xa nomchamo kwezinto ezahlukeneyo. Microscopy umchamo intlenga ukufumanisa ubukho iityuwa, izinto zeselula nesilinda. Kufuneka kuqondwe ukuba umchamo - imveliso ekupheleni nezintso, nto leyo ingabonisa ngokuchanileyo ubume iinkqubo pathways emzimbeni kunye negazi.

Uhlalutyo umchamo yodaka

Umchamo microscopy ukudala umfanekiso opheleleyo ngakumbi iimviwo ngokupheleleyo emzimbeni. Kwakhona smear idla ngokusetyenziswa moshilongo aqhelekileyo kunye mahluko of wokuchama izifo phecana kunye kwizintso. Ngexesha unyango, umchamo microscopy unganika ukuba Luqikelelo ukusebenza yokungenelela kagqirha. Uhlalutyo umchamo ivumela ukuqaphela iingxaki ezithile okanye amandla emanzini-electrolyte intsalela emzimbeni, njengoko kwinkqubo emzimbeni. Uhlalutyo umchamo lusebenza kakhulu uxilongo kwezifo kwi gastro-wamathumbu phecana, kodwa kwiinkqubo esosulelayo kwaye ukudumba emzimbeni. Maxa wambi umchamo microscopy lusetyenziswa esweni imeko yomguli ngexesha unyango okanye yotyando.

iimviwo Blood phantsi ngemicroscope

Iiseli eqalisiweyo umongo kunye aye akhutshelwe egazini. Ngalinye legazi ezisebenza umsebenzi ethile. Iiseli zegazi ezimhlophe ukuze alwe iiseli ezosulelayo, iiseli ezibomvu egazini igalelo ekwandiseni ulwazi iiseli mpilo kunye nokususwa zegazi carbon dioxide ibalulekile hemostasis. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, umzimba womntu uvelisa ixabiso olumisiweyo kuzo zonke iiseli, engaquki ukuya ngaphaya kwemida ethile. Xa kuthe kwakho naziphi na iingxaki okanye isifo iiseli zegazi ungatshintsha ubungakanani zabo, imilo, umbala nomthamo. Kuphela uviwo ezichanekileyo obungabonakaliyo nga ukufumanisa imeko iseli kunye nezigqibo ezifanelekileyo.

Igazi - ubomi-onika incindi yomzimba, eqinisekisa ukutshintshisana kwezondlo phakathi zonke iiseli. Blood smear microscopy - isifundo eso senzekayo phantsi ngemicroscope. Siye sifunde ichiza, eyenziwe ukuhla omnye wegazi. Le nkqubo yinxalenye epheleleyo count igazi ezohlukileyo wegazi kunye zingahlukaniswanga eyenziwa.

smear microscopy

Kutheni imfuneko smear igazi? Blood smear microscopy ingcali inika ulwazi ebaluleke kakhulu malunga nemeko yobume bempilo yabantu. Nalo olu hlalutyo bothi kunokwenzeka ukumisela umlinganiselo iiseli ezibomvu, iiplatelets, leukocytes, kwakunye imilo kunye nobukhulu. Ukongeza, ICBC ikuvumela ukuba ukuchaza ibinzana oluninzi kwiiseli akuqolanga ezimhlophe, nto leyo ingongoma ebalulekileyo kakhulu kwinani izifo. Kwakhona, smear igazi ikuvumela ngokomgangatho nokuxilonga zizifo esinxulunyaniswa kunye nemisebenzi igazi kakuhle, lasungulwa, amahlwili, kwakunye ukutshatyalaliswa iiseli zegazi. Umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu igazi smear yokungcoliswa phezu esweni rhoqo imo iiseli zegazi, neminyaka yazo emva kokuba imitha kunye ichemotherapy, kwimeko iingxaki ngehemoglobin, ngokunjalo wegazi.

Abelwa igazi smear kwityala ICBC wabonisa ukuba ukwanda ibinzana quantification of leukocytes, iiseli akuqolanga okanye aziqhelekanga. Ukuze smear kuba biomaterial esebenzisa igazi okanye emithanjeni.

Biology and iimikroskopu

Biology oluya kakhulu ukusetyenziswa iimikroskopu. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, iseli biology ikakhulu ithembele iimikroskopu mihla ezinamandla. Microscopy eziphilayo livulele izazinzulu umda angazange eksperimenti kunye nophando. izinto zakutshanje ukuba ngoku ukuthetha malunga uhlobo ngekamva eliqaqambileyo lethu.

Microscopy eziphilayo na isicelo ebanzi kakhulu. Devices ukuvumela ukuba iphande eziphilayo yomkhondo emehlweni abantu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba imifuniselo yezenzululwazi. Eziphilayo indlela kakhulu ukusetyenziswa yi electron microscopy, nto leyo eyenza ukuba umfanekiso ngenxa electron obhobhozayo zemiyalelo. Kodwa, nkqu ukuba kwemikroskopu ivumela ukuba baphande eziphilayo izinto eziphilayo.

Phase umahluko microscopy - na indlela enye, nto leyo ngokubanzi asetyenziswe eziphilayo, ipharasitholo-, Haematology. It ikuvumela ukuba dyondza iiseli Cya, izityalo, izilwanyana, ubale iiseli ukusuka lomongo wethambo, igazi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba microscopy isigaba-umahluko uyakwazi Zimiseleni kuphela kungqameko bezinto.

Indlela microscopy eziphilayo isetyenziswa ixakeke kakhulu, kuba phantse zonke iintlobo ezilungele izifundo eziphilayo. Ukuphazamisa microscopy yenza kube lula ukuhlola ulwelo ecacileyo izinto, kwakunye abanike uhlalutyo qualitative. Oku Bulelani kunokwenzeka yokuba umqadi ukukhanya edlula isixhobo, neefolokhwe: inxalenye enye kugqitha kule into, enye - by. Ngenxa yoko, ngemiqadi ezimbini aphazamisa lidibanise, zinike umfanekiso opheleleyo.

Microscopy kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo isicelo

Field yokuwasebenzisa microscopy ebanzi kakhulu. Nangona isibakala sokuba ekuqaleni yona ngenxa iimikroskopu sophando eziphilayo, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwimigangatho yawo sigqithisele iye yandiswa kakhulu. Microscopy - iseti iindlela, elizifumana isicelo yayo ekuhlalutyeni izinto eziqinileyo kunye crystalline, isakhiwo, kunye nesakhiwo komhlaba. Kwakhona iimikroskopu ezisetyenziswa kakhulu amayeza kuphela ukuba kuyokufunyaniswa isifo, kodwa iinkqubo microsurgical. Ngaphezu koko, kwakusazeka ukuba izazinzulu eziphuhliswe kwamanzi laser ngemicroscope, injongo yazo kukuba ukukhangela ubomi ohlala kwi Europa.

Kwakhona musa ukulibala malunga nophuhliso olukhawulezayo zezenzululwazi, ezingenakwenzeka ngaphandle ngemicroscope. Uphuhliso lweli candelo kukhokelela kukuba Microdevices iintlobo zisoloko ukuba ngcono. Ngaphezu koko, kukho ezintsha iintlobo iimikroskopu, leyo eyenzelwe ukufunda indawo ethile.

UPawulos, kufanele kuqatshelwe ukuba microscope - indawo ithemba ukuba ivela njenge ne ngakumbi yaye bakhuthele nyaka ngamnye. Inzala eziseleni Isiqu somntu kunye nophuhliso By kukhokelela kukuba iimikroskopu zibe yinxalenye nawuphi na umsebenzi wophando.