Ngqi: iimpawu ebantwaneni. Imiqondiso kwamagciwane ngqi. WoThintelo noNyango

Ngqi - sisifo esele eyaziwa ukususela kumaxesha amandulo. ugqirha owaziwayo noHippocrates kwi BC ngenkulungwane 5, kuchazwe ngokweenkcukacha iimpawu. Kodwa kakhulu ukuzisola wonke, isihloko ngqi kuhlala ezifanelekileyo kwihlabathi lanamhlanje. Oku kungenxa yokuba kukho inani elikhulu labantu abasweleke ngenxa yesi sifo. Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba kunyaka ngamnye ukusuka ngqi kufa abantu abamalunga ne-160 lamawaka ehlabathini.

inkcazelo emfutshane

Ngqi sisifo esibi esosulelayo. Lubonakala yi ekwabiweni yoluvo eyingozi ikhondo ngokwaneleyo ngokukhawuleza clinical. Ukuze bakwazi ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo yonke kwingxaki ukuvela esi sifo, lwanele ulwazi malunga ne30-50% yezigulane kufa. Phakathi kwazo ngabo baye ukugonyelwa nominxano. Kumazwe imithi babuthathaka, eli nani ifikelela 85-90%. Ngqi ebangela umsebenzi obalulekileyo ezincinane eyangena emzimbeni amanxeba kunye nezinye umonakalo isikhumba. Eyona nto zifanelekileyo ukwanda kwabo - bume nobushushu ifumile. Ngenxa yokuba uninzi bonke abafayo ebhalwe ngqi ziye zenzeka kumazwe Afrika sub-Saharan, Asia kunye Latin America. Kodwa endaweni kumazwe elifumileyo yaseYurophu sesi sifo nyaka ngamnye amawakawaka abantu bafe. Ngenxa yesi sizathu asinakho, bathi abemi kwimimandla oluphucukileyo ngakumbi zikhuselekile.

Iarhente causative ye ngqi

Iintsholongwane ngqi abangabameli Bacillaceae usapho. Xa iimeko eziqhelekileyo ukwanda kwabo kwenzeka makanyebeleze namathumbu zabantu. Noko ke, musa ukuba ngokupheleleyo Engakuphathanga kakubi nje. Ngexesha ukuqaliswa yabo isilonda, yaye kwiimeko zokunqongophala ngokupheleleyo ioksijini, ezi bacilli cwaka abe malungana ngokupheleleyo. Oku kwenzeka Ukukhetha exakekile ye yoluvo abaphakathi ityhefu amakhulu virus. impembelelo yabo okukhawulezayo kakhulu, kwakunye nokuphuhliswa nesifo ekuthiwa ngqi. Iimpawu kubantwana maxa wambi waphawula emva kweeyure ezimbalwa emva kokosuleleka. agents lweemveliso kwenkunkuma ngexesha elifanayo azinabungozi ngokupheleleyo xa ukuginyile, ngenxa yokuba abo afunxwa inwebu yangaphakathi. Kodwa ngexesha amalahle okanye phantsi kweempembelelo yelanga eyingozi, bakhawuleza kufa.

wosuleleke njani na ngqi?

Imfuneko yokumilisela kwenzeka xa kukho ukulimala okanye umonakalo esikhumbeni okanye ngenwebu yangaphakathi. Eyona nzima kakhulu kule meko kuba ubunzulu elikhulu amanxeba aqingqiweyo, ekubeni ezikhandelwa abalungele uphuhliso iimeko iintsholongwane eziyingozi. Kwakhona, ukusebenza usulelo kunokwenzeka eshe, frostbite kunye nezifo arhabaxa. A usana olusanda kuzalwa ukufumana ngqi ngokusebenzisa intambo yosana, ukuba anqunyulwa izixhobo kakubi ngayo.

agents Causative kwesi sifo lukhulu kwindalo. Zezi:

• endlwini eluthulini;
• emhlabeni;
• amtyuba namnandi;
• ilindle izilwanyana ezininzi.

Imbewu kunye kwezityalo yoqwalaselo nominxano eletha ezikhoyo apha emathunjini abantu.

Inqanaba uvakalelo esi sifo liphezulu kakhulu kuzo zonke amaqela ubudala, kodwa inkoliso abantwana sifo kubhalwa kwiminyaka 3-7.

Yintoni na le okuthatha yi ngqi?

Zingaphi ibonakale ngqi? Bafukanywe kwesifo kuthatha ixesha eyahlukileyo ixesha - ukusuka kwiintsuku 1-2 ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-2. Kulo mzekelo, i-avareji - kwiiveki 1-2. Ixesha okuthatha, ubungqongqo sifo ixhomekeke: ukuba mncinci kuno, nzima ziya kuba amathuba nangakumbi izifo kunye nokufa.

Ngeli xesha, kwii-iintsholongwane kungena inkcubeko eliphakathi ukwanda kwabo iqala. Oko kukhatshwa kwakhululwa ityhefu ebulalayo. Izigulane kolu thuba ukuze baphawule ubukho mpawu zilandelayo:

• intloko ebuhlungu;
• ndiyabila;
• ukungakhululeki imisipha;
• elandileyo izinga ucaphuka;
• Ukugodola;
• ubuthongo kunye nezinye izifo neuropsychiatric.

Lo mfanekiso zonyango kunye iimpawu zokuqala zesi sifo

Ekuqaleni sifo kwiimeko ezininzi sibi. amatyala Ukubhalisa amancinci zinqabile ixesha prodromal. Oku kubonakaliswa ezi mpawu zilandelayo:

• umkhuhlane;
• intloko;
• imeko yoxinezeleko izihlunu nokurhwaqela, apho walimala kuphuhlisa ngqi.

Imiqondiso yokuqala kwiimeko ezininzi - iyathula iintlungu onochuku kwindawo ngenxeba, nokuba laphola. Phakathi Iimpawu zokuqala ethile izifo, ukubonakala kwayo kubonisa ngqi fanele:

• kubonakaliswa lockjaw (ucutheko spasmodic) izihlunu masticatory esibangela kunokuchaza emlonyeni;
• phambi ngoncumo sardonic, ngenxa apho ibinzana kwenziwa ngolunya intlekisa (equmbile, amehlo kuncitshiswa, imilebe evuthelweyo ibe uncumo);
• kubonakaliswa dysphagia (yokuginya ubunzima), unobangela nto leyo spasm convulsive ye izihlunu pharynx;
• izihlunu nentamo elukhuni.

Ubukho zokuqala-3 kuphela iimpawu okufana ngqi.

iimpawu uphawu ukuphakama ngqi

Ixesha ukuphakama kwesifo - iintsuku 8-12. Ngeendlela kakhulu, kwenyusa ngokuswela 2-3. Ixesha le sigaba kwesi sifo ixhomekeke zinto zilandelayo:

• Isantya unyango kugqirha;
• ubukho okanye ukungabikho zisigonyelwe;
• ubungakanani ukonakala kolusu.

Kweli nqanaba, rhoqo bekubona ngqi. Iimpawu abantwana zilandelayo:

• nokuncipha convulsive imisipha yobuso, imbonakalo uncumo uphawu;
• kunzima ukuba imginye ukutya;
• izihlunu imilenze kunye nesisu langoku kunene;
• yombono buhlungu;
• ukubila ebalulekileyo;
• ugwayi ezingapheliyo;
• belele, cyanosis; zizalwa;
• ukuhlukunyezwa urethral kunye nokuhamba kwegazi inkqubo;
• ukunyuka kwezinga lobushushu.

Xa akubangakho shot nxamnye nominxano, zibangela ukufa yomguli i spasm of izihlunu zemiphunga okanye ukushwabana izihlunu zentliziyo. Kwakhona phakathi nobangela zixhaphakileyo ukufa ndawo ibalulekileyo omelwe ukwenziwa engabalulekanga iposi, nokudumba, Embolism kunye nenyumoniya.

Ngqi ku kubelekwa

Xa kuziwa abantwana usana, ikhondo sifo kuba nzima kakhulu, kwaye phantse-100% amatyala, kukho ukufa. Iintsana yeempawu semilo izifo ezifana ngqi. Imiqondiso yokuqala - oko ixhala, iingcangcazela lasesilevini, kukwaphula yokuginya ngokumungunya reflex. Emva koko, lo spasm kwezihlunu entanyeni kunye yombono jikelele. Amaxesha amaninzi, kubelekwa kufa kwiiyure zokuqala emva kokuqala kwesi sifo.

sokubuyisa ixesha ekuphulukenwe

Ukuba abazali baye babonisa ixesha abasebenzi bezempilo umntwana uminxano, unyango kwenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe yaye ngokuhamba kwexesha iimpawu zesi sifo shwaka. Ubude kweli nqanaba ezingu-2. Ngalo lonke eli xesha, umntwana baboniswa kakhulu umngcipheko ezahlukeneyo iingxaki. Ngoko ke, ukubekwa esweni rhoqo imeko yakhe.

Emva alulame, kusenokubakho iimpawu eyintsalela leyo kuvandlakanywa ixesha kunokuba elide. Ezi zihlanganisa ukuqina kwezihlunu, ubuthathaka jikelele njl

Isifo

Xa womxhuzulane, kukho iintlobo ukukhanya, aphakathi kunye ngeswazi ngqi.

ifomu nowobulali kunqabile kakhulu. Ixesha okuthatha ziintsuku 14-20, kunye nophuhliso iimpawu kwenzeka iintsuku 5-6. Lubonakala ngu:

• yokubonakalisa amandla aqaqambayo eziqhelekileyo tetanic (okanye ukungabikho);
• namanwele convulsive lendawo izihlunu (iimpawu ngqi kwi enxebeni okanye kwindawo yayo);
• eliqhelekileyo hypertonicity imisipha ;
• akukho okanye ibinzana elincinane dysphagia kunye tachycardia;
• eqhelekileyo okanye ezisezantsi-grade fever.

Eyona engundoqo iimpawu iintlobo ngokulinganisela ngqi:

• Ithuba elisuke - iintsuku 15-20;
• uphuhliso iseti engundoqo iimpawu - iintsuku ezi-3-4;
• aqine oluphakathi zonke iimpawu sifo;
• ukungabikho zizalwa kunye ligwinya nobunzima.

Ezimandundu ebonakala okuthatha ngokwaneleyo elifutshane - iintsuku 7-14. Kulo mzekelo, zingaphelanga iintsuku 1-2 iphuhlisa ngqi. Iimpawu e abantwana kakhulu ngokucacileyo zibonakala. Kodwa nobunzima ezisongela ubomi bomntwana, kukho ngokuqhelekileyo inqabile.

unyango lwe ngqi

Kufuneka ukunikezelwa okucacileyo kwi esibhedlele umntwana ngqi okusolwayo. Unyango kweefom eziyingozi kakhulu yenziwa emva sokwamkelwa unyango olunzulu.

umlinganiselo eyimfuneko inxeba uqhaqho, ngexesha apho Ukusikwa yenziwa yokuvelisa amalungu kunye nokususwa namaqumrhu angaphandle.

Ukuze ukuphelisa iindlela kwezityalo ze ngqi eletha kunye izihlunu necrotic lwenziwa unyango isibulala-zintsholongwane. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oko kwenziwa ikhosi kokutyunjwa amathamo ezinkulu penicillin yegazi. Ubude unyango olunjalo iintsuku ezili-10. Kwimeko lunganyangwa ziphene penicillin ngqi elawulwa, ezibandakanya tetracycline.

Unyango abantwana abagulayo lwenziwa ngoncedo immunoglobulin ezithile zabantu. It iphethwe intramuscularly. Ngaxeshanye kunye ngokuziphatha kulawulo ongama of ngqi toxoid kathathu. Isithuba phakathi iinaliti ziintsuku 5-7.

Ukwenzela ukulungiselela imeko yomntwana, inikeza uxolo nenzolo. Ukongeza, kukho unyango siyefana, nto leyo echaphazela indlela uqhubeka ngqi. Iimpawu e abantwana ikhutshwe kunye le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• nxeba unyango;
• nokuncipha kuhluthwe izinto zendalo,
• ukuthintelwa nokudumba ne pneumonia;
• ukuphucuka umoya lung;
• zomzimba.

Prevention of ngqi

Ngokusekelwe yokuba esi sifo esibulalayo, amanyathelo othintelo zinkulu kakhulu. Inegalelo unciphiso kakhulu inani iziqephu sifo, ukuququzelela le khosi kunye neziphumo ngqi. amanyathelo azizithintelo ethile kunye nonspecific.

ifomu Non-ngqo yothintelo sifo ingenzeka ebantwaneni kukuba ukuqhuba le misebenzi ilandelayo:

• kugcinwe inzalo ngexesha yabasebenzi kunye nemisebenzi;
• amanxeba obrabatyvaniya okukhulu leyo ukucebisa kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa ebulala.

Specific ngqi nokuthintela yokuziphatha ezicwangcisiweyo okanye likaxakeka. Eyona njongo iphambili yale nto leyo lugonyo nominxano, - indalo sifo buqu kunye nememori ngumzimba. Ugonyo lwabantwana yenziwa ngokwe kwikhalenda ugonyo - amaxesha 3 emva ngenyanga yesithathu ubomi booster iminyaka 1-1.5.

Le lugonyo nominxano abantwana akuqinisekisi ubukho sifo ezingisayo ukuya lwegciwane kwesi sifo. Ixhasa kuphela kwinkqubo yokwenziwa zifo kwaye inceda ukoyisa inegciwane uminxano, wazifumana emzimbeni.