Umntwana kufuneka inobunzima malini?

Ngemihla zokuqala ezimbalwa yobomi usana ngesiqhelo ilahlekelwa kwi-10% sobunzima wokuzalwa. Emva koko, ngexesha Kwiiveki ezimbini zokuqala, yena wachacha. Kwi-avareji, iintsana kabini ubunzima zabo zokuzalwa emva kweenyanga ezine kathathu emva kweenyanga ezilishumi elinesibini. Umntwana uza kuba ubunzima malunga kane ngaphezu ekuzalweni kwiminyaka emibini. Abanye abantwana ukufezekisa ezi manqanaba besebancinane, kunye nezinye xa sele bekhulile. Kodwa kungakanani kufuneka bahlole umntwana ngamnye ithuba ubudala? Impendulo yalo mbuzo usoloko ochaphazelekayo malunga noomama abaselula, njengoko sisalathisi kuphuhliso wosana. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukukhula. Ukukhula fastest kuyimfuneko kwisithuba seeveki ezimbini ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Kancinci kunciphise emva kweenyanga ezintandathu. Eyihlisayo babona emva kweenyanga ezilithoba-nye linababini. La maxesha ubudala ziyahluka kumntwana ngamnye.

WHO iphuhlise imigangatho ngazo ukuvavanya uphuhliso umntwana, ngokuxhomekeka kubudala kunye nesini. Kamabonwakude idata kuxhomekeke ekukhuleni, ubude kunye nobunzima umzimba kubudala, ubunzima bomzimba ukuphakama kwakhe kunye nobude, kunye BMI (body mass index) ubudala. ubude umzimba lulinganiselwa xa umntwana elele, kunye nokukhula - xa malini. Ezi nqobo zisemgangathweni thaca kwi iitafile kunye iitshathi, esebenzisa kubo singachazwa, kuquka indlela kufuneka bahlole umntwana ukusuka kwiinyanga 0 ukuya kuma-60 okanye iminyaka emihlanu. Kweli thuba ukususela ngowe-1997 kuye ku-2003, i-WHO ezigoso entsha yokuvavanya zophuhliso zabantwana kunye nokukhula lonke nezifundo multi-iziko ezenziweyo izikhombisi zophuhliso, wakha.

Kuba isabelo nemigangatho "ubunzima-for-age" ndimncinile data longitudinal (ixesha uthotho yezinto eziphathekayo ngamaxesha alandelelanayo) iisampulu kunye umnqamlezo (iimpawu ezifanayo ezinamanqwanqwa kanyekanye izinto ezahlukeneyo) iisampuli ubunzima bomzimba abantwana. ke banamathele ngaphandle uhlengahlengiso. Umphumo waba imodeli eyodwa eyayisetyenziswa ukufumana iseti ezigoso labamele icandelo standardised "yobudala ubunzima-umzimba 'ukuba sex nganye. Ezi data umgangatho ngohlobo iigrafu okanye iitafile zifumaneka kwi website esemthethweni WHO kunye kumiselwa ngabo, wobeka phi na kufuneka nobunzima usana (inkwenkwe nentombazana) ubudala ethile.

Iingcali ukuvavanya uphuhliso lwabantwana lendlele ikwasetyenziswa "BMI-for-ubudala." Index wabiza ixabiso ifunyenwe njengoko umlinganiselo ubunzima bomzimba kulinganiswa isikweri ubude umzimba okanye isikweri ngeekhilogram umntwana ekhula kwi square metres. Ngokuba lo index imigangatho zakhelwe ngokwamaqela: ngokuba abantwana abaneminyaka iinyanga 0 ukuya 24 (ukuya kwiminyaka emibini) kunye nabantwana kwama-24 yaye ukuya kwiinyanga 60 (ukusuka kwiminyaka emibini ukuya emihlanu). Izifundo elungiswe izikhombisi standard eziphawula uphuhliso zabantwana ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka emihlanu. Ukusebenzisa le datha, uyakwazi ukubona nje kuphela indlela kufuneka nobunzima umntwana, kodwa ngokuthelekisa ngamaxabiso okwenene (ubunzima, ubude yomzimba komntwana, ukuphakama kwakhe okanye BMI) ichazwa ngokomgangatho WHO, ukuhlola kuphuhliswa ngayo lo mntwana. Oko kukuthi, obugcisa wafumana isixhobo enokuthenjwa apho wachaza uphuhliso komzimba lo mntwana kwi iimeko zokuphila elilelona.

Umama nga self-ukufunda, wobeka phi na kufuneka nobunzima umntwana iinyanga ezi-2 okanye nakuyiphi na enye ubudala. Namhlanje kulula ukuthenga ezikalini esikhethekileyo alwaba usana. Kodwa kufuneka wazi apho imposiso ayikwazi kuvunyelwa nomlinganiselo (ubunzima bomzimba sana, ubude okanye ukuphakama kwayo) okanye nokutolika iziphumo zemilinganiselo xa kuthelekiswa ezineempawu eqhelekileyo. Eyona mpazamo eziphambili - kukuba ukufumana iziphumo ezingachanekanga xa usebenzisa iintsimbi. Nesikali ukuba bakholwa, ukukala kwaye baye yolondolozo lwamathuba. Zonke ezi nkqubo iyabiza kwaye lwabiwo ayikho yonke intsapho oselula uya kukwazi ukugcina iindleko ezinjalo. Enye impazamo ukuba abazali - sebenzisa izikali ezahlukeneyo ukuze umlinganiselo ubunzima bomzimba. Ngenxa yoko, (imposiso omnye amatye utshintsho okufumeneyo kwicala ezincinane, enye - enkulu) ungafumana i alarm kuphuhliso zaneleyo kid ukuba kuba yinyaniso.

Ngoko ke, eyona ndlela eyiyo ukwazi kangakanani kufuneka bahlole umntwana kwi iinyanga 4, kweenyanga ezi-6, yaye kungekudala kule kota - ukuba khona njalo GP yabantwana. Iziphumo lomlinganiselo ubunzima, ubude okanye ukukhula umntwana ziya kufumaneka ngokusebenzisa arhente okanye ulinganiswe (ngokufanayo!) Umlinganiselo kwaye zitolikwe kakuhle usebenzisa WHO itshati yokukhula okanye ezitafileni. Ugqirha uya kwazisa abazali abatsha njani umntwana iphuhlise ize inike iingcebiso (xa kukho imfuneko) ukuba alungise amandla okanye ukhathalelo. UMama okanye uTata, zikho nezinye izinto ezininzi ezenza kucace ukuba usana lukhula ngokufanelekileyo. Anakho ukuhamba kwesisu elungileyo rhoqo. Iimpahla kufuneka itshintshwe rhoqo, njengoko kubafaneleyo ezincinane, kwaye amabhanti esihlalweni emotweni okanye stroller kufuneka njalo yakhululeka. Ujongene nokusingatha ezityebileyo, kwaye umntwana ufumana nzima. Uphethe imnyama nokulala, nokuvuka iiyure yokuba esebenzayo kunye ochwayithileyo.