Ngumnyaka weliphi i-Great Patriotic War yaphela? Umhla wokuphela kweMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic

Ngokuphathelele imfazwe yaseSoviet Union babhala kakhulu. Imemori yezikhulu zabaphathi, amanqaku amagosa kunye namajoni, iprose, izinkondlo, uphando lwembali lwapapashwa ngeenguqu. Kukho iinkumbulo zabasebenzi basemva (bobabini abaqhelekileyo abasebenzi kunye nabaphathi, abalawuli beefektri, ii-commissars zabantu, abaqulunqi bezindiza). Yonke le nto ibonisa ilayibhrari ephawulekayo, ngokubhekiselele kuyo, kubonakala ngathi, kunokwenzeka ukubuyisela iimbali zembali ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukongezelela, iifilimu zenziwe - ubugcisa kunye needokethi, ezifutshane kunye neendidi ezininzi. Kwizikolo, iikholeji zobugcisa kunye neziko, abafundi bafunde ngokubanzi zonke iinqanaba lelifa elikhulu elithatha izigidi zabantu. Kwaye konke oko kwenzeka ukuba abantu bethu bayazi into encinci malunga nento eyenzeka ngexesha leMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic.

Imihla yekhalenda ezimbini - abamnyama nabomvu

Kwiingcinga zabantu, le mihla ebalulekileyo imiselwe ngokusemthethweni-Juni 22, 1941 no-Meyi 9, 1945. Ngelishwa, akubona wonke umntu owaziyo okwenzekayo kule mihla. Ekuseni kwasehlotyeni, "i-Kiev ibhoxile, saziswa ...", kunye nesishwankathelo esiphezulu samaJamani asizange sichaze imfazwe. Konke malunga nomhla wokuqala. Ingcaciso ayikho ngokupheleleyo inyaniso. Isibhengezo semfazwe, ummeli waseJamani u-Schulenburg wathumela inqaku kuMlotov. Enyanisweni, kwakungekho nkxalabo, ngaloo mzuzu iJunkers neHenkeli sele sele ifumana indawo ngaphaya komda, kwaye kwakungekho ixesha elisele likulungele ukuhlaziya ukuhlaselwa. Kodwa loo nto imfazwe, ukwenzela ukuba ungayilumkisi kwangaphambili malunga nokuhlaselwa. Kutheni kutheni ukukhuseleka kwakungalungiselelwanga, incoko ikhethekileyo.

Ngowuphi umnyaka i-Great Patriotic War yaphela kwaye ngeliphi imini, ekuqalekeni, okunye kwaziwa. Kodwa nakhona apha konke akucaci.

Qala

NgoJuni 22, kwenzeka into ethile, apho i-USSR yayilungiselela ixesha elide. Ukuhlaziywa kwangaphambili kwemveliso yezoshishino, okubizwa ngokuba yi-industrialization, yenzeka. Indlela yokuphila yabasimili yayisungulwa ngokutsha, isiseko senkqubo yangasese kwidolophana yapheliswa. Oku kwakhokelela ekuhlahlokeni okubukhali kwintlalontle yabantu bonke. Imizamo emikhulu, kuba ingazange iholele ekunyuseni kwimilinganiselo yokuphila, inokuthi ibhekiswe kwinto enye-ukukhusela. Ipropaganda yaqhubeka iphefumlela ingcamango yokungabi nako ukulwa kwemfazwe kwaye, ngexesha elifanayo, uxolo lwelizwe lokuqala lootitshala kunye nabahlali. Isiganeko seemeko eziyingozi kwixesha elizayo lachazwa kwifilimu ephethe isihloko esithi "Ukuba kusasa imfazwe". Utshaba olukhohlakeleyo lwahlaselwa, kwaye ngoko nangoko wabanjwa ukubuyiswa kwamandla amakhulu. Watshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye inkululeko yangempela yafika ezweni lakhe, njengase-USSR. Kutheni kwenzeka ntoni ngokungafani ngoJuni 1941?

Phantse onke amabutho empi ase-Red Army phakathi koJuni 1941 yayigxininise kufuphi nemida esentshonalanga ye-USSR. Kwakukho kwakhona izixhobo, i-fuel, iibhamu, amayeza, ukutya kunye nayo yonke into efunekayo kwimfazwe kwintsimi engaphandle ngaphandle kwegazi elincinci. Amanqwelomoya aqhutyelwa ngokugqithiseleyo kumgca womda. Izixhobo azizange zigqitywe, ukuhanjiswa kwempahla yezempi kunye neetroli kunye nezixhobo eziqhubekayo. Konke oku kwahlanganiswa kokubili kwimisebenzi yobugcisa nakwiimemori ezininzi.

Ingagqitywa ukuba iMfazwe yePatriotic yayingacetywanga ngoStalin ukukhusela ilizwe lakhe.

Yintoni eyabala uHitler

I-German Fuhrer yathembele kakhulu, mhlawumbi, ukunganeliseki kwabantu baseSoviet. I-Arhente ye-Intelligence yaseJamani ibhengeze ngemiphumo emibi yeminyaka engaphezu kwemashumi amabini yolawulo lwama-communist, iimpendulo eziye zahlutha i-Red Army, izigidi zabantu abalambileyo kwiifama ezihlangeneyo, i-classic work class kunye ne-intelligentsia ecinezelekileyo. I-Fuhrer yayingathandabuzeki ukuba xa i-Wehrmacht isondela kwimida ye-USSR, abantu bavuya ngokudibana nabo "abavuleli". Iimeko ezifanayo, ngendlela, zenzeka kwezinye iindawo ezisentshona, kodwa ngokubanzi, ithemba alizange lizaliseke.

Indlela iJamani ekulungele ngayo imfazwe

Ukuba kwakungekho ithemba lokuba "i-colossus ezinyaweni ezinobumba" yayiza kutshabalalisa, uAdolf Hitler wayengenakuzama ukuhlasela. Isikhundla saseJamani ekuqaleni kwehlobo le-1941 sasingeke sabizwa ngokuqinileyo. Ngokuchasene nemisebenzi ephumelelayo eYurophu, bekukho neenkqubo ezintle kakhulu. Isiqingatha seFransi sasihlala "singenaxhaswa ngemali", i-100% yokulawula iYugoslavia yayingakaze yenziwe, eNyakatho Afrika izinto zahamba kakubi, imisebenzi yamanxweme nayo yenzeka ngokuphumelelayo. I-America ayizange ijoyine imfazwe, kodwa ngokwenene sele ithathe inxaxheba kuyo, inceda iBrithani kunye nezixhobo zayo ezingapheliyo.

Iimbambano zaseJamani - iRomania, iItali kunye neJapan - zazisa iingxaki ngakumbi kunokuba zilungile. Ukuqala kwemfazwe ngokumelene ne-USSR kwimiqathango enokuthi ithathwa njengesinyathelo esibi. Ukulungiswa kwakungekho kwenziwa, amajoni ase-Wehrmacht awazange afumane iimpahla ezifudumele kunye nezicathulo (azizange zivele), i-frost-resistant fuel and grease. I-Soviet intelligence yazi malunga nale nto kwaye yabika iKremlin.

Nangona kunjalo, imfazwe yaqala i-USSR ngendlela engalindelekanga nakwiimeko ezingenakunceda kakhulu kuthi. AmaJamani ahamba ngokukhawuleza kwintsimi, imeko yayisongela. Kwacaca ukuba ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba ekukhuseleni bonke abantu, bekungeke kwenzeke ukunqoba. Yaye imfazwe yaba yintsapho.

Imfazwe yasePatriotic

Ngokukhawuleza emva kokuhlaselwa kukaHitler, imfazwe yavakaliswa njengamazwe. Kwenzeke okwesibini kwimbali yaseRashiya. Ingozi ayifumanekanga kuphela kwintlalo yoluntu, kodwa ukuba kukho ubukho belizwe kunye ne-Eurasian impucuko. Kwaye kwenzeka njani okokuqala, phantsi kwe-tsar-liberator?

Imfazwe yokutshatisa ubuzwe neFransi yayingu-1812 kwada kwafika ama-Napoleonic ama-hordes kwilizwe laseRashiya. UBonaparte waqhutyelwa eParis, wafikeleleka, kwaye, ngo-1814, u-emperor-usurper akafumanekanga. Sahlala kancinci "ekutyelele", waza wabuyela ekhaya ngenxa yeengoma ezinamandla. Kodwa emva kokuwela i-Berezina, konke oku kwakukunyuka nje. Kuphela unyaka wokuqala, ngelixa kwakukho imfazwe kwindlela yase-Old Smolenskaya, kufuphi neBorino kunye neMaharayaroslavets, kwaye i-partisans yayihlasela abahlaseli, imfazwe yayijongwa njengelizwe lobuzwe.

Inguqulo enye: 1944

Ukuba senza iziganeko zesiganeko, ngoko umbuzo othi xa i-Great War Patriotic War iphelile yayiza kuphendulwa: ngo-1944, ekwindla. Kwakuloo ndlela i-German, isiRomania, iSpanish, isiNtaliyane, isiHungary kunye nayiphi na ijoni eyayilwa ngaphaya kweNazi eJamani. Amabanjwa nabafileyo ababalanga. Imfazwe ngokwayo yaqhubeka, kodwa imfazwe yasekhaya yaphela ukuba ingekho, yangena kwisigaba sokugqiba intshaba kwinqanaba layo ngokukhululwa kwezizwe ezigqila. Ubungozi bokuba khona kwe-USSR bephelile, umbuzo wawukuphela kwendlela yokugqibela yesitha kunye nemiqathango yoxolo olulandelayo.

Iinguqu ezimbini - ngoMeyi 8, 1945

Enyanisweni, kukho abachasene nale nguqulelo, kwaye iingxabano zabo zifanelwe intlonelo. Ukuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, ngokombono wabo, uhambelana ngokulandelelana ngexesha lokusayina i-capitulation eKarlshorst - ngaphandle kweBerlin. Ngaloo nto, uMarshal GK Zhukov kunye nabanye abaphathi bezempi bathatha inxaxheba kulo mbhiyozo, kunye noKeitel kunye namagosa aseJamani kunye nabaphathi be-General General Staff. UHitler wayesele sele efile iintsuku ezisibhozo. Umhla wembali yomlando nguMeyi 8, 1945. Ngomhla kwangaphambili, kwakukho omnye umqondiso wokuzinikela, kodwa umyalelo ophezulu waseSoviet wawungekho kuwo, ngoko uStalin akazange amqonde, kwaye akazange anikeze umyalelo wokuphelisa ubundlobongela. Ukuphela kokuphumelela kweMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic ngoMeyi 9 yaba yeholide yesizwe, zonke izikhululo zomsakazo zeSoviet Union zazisa malunga nalo. Abantu bavuya, abantu bahleka bekhala. Kwaye omnye umntu kufuneka alwe ...

NgoMeyi 9, emva koNqoba

Ukusayina kwesenzo sokunikezela iJamani kwakungazange kusho ukuphela kwemfazwe. Amasosha aseSoviet afe ngoMeyi 9. KwiPrague, igoli laseJamani, elinamaqela angama-SS abakhulu, benqaba ukubeka izandla. Le meko yavela nzima, abantu base dolophu bazama ukujongana nabaxhasi bamaNazi, baqonda ukuba imihla yabo ibalwe, kwaye akukho nto ilahlekileyo. Ukukhawuleza kwemikhosi yaseSoviet yasindisa inkunzi yaseCzech ngenxa yokubulawa kwegazi. Isiphumo sezimfa saqalwa kwangaphambili, kodwa kukho ilahleko. Ngomhla wesithoba kaMeyi konke kwaphela. Ukufa ngomhla wokugqibela wemfazwe wawukhubekisa, kodwa le isabelo sejoni ...

Kwakukho imfazwe encinane eMpuma Ekude. Ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhawuleza, i- Soviet Army yabulala iqela le-Kwangtung lamajoni aseJapan, lafikelela eKorea. Kwakukho ilahleko, nangona kunjalo, kuncinci kunexesha lemfazwe neJamani.

Imfazwe yePatriotic Front Front nePrear

Ngomhla wesithoba kaMeyi ngumhla wokuphela kweMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic , kuba nangona iqhutywe ekwindla ka-1944 kungekhona kwintsimi yethu, eqinisweni imizamo yelizwe lonke yayijoliswe ekunqobeni ukuchasene kwintshaba. Ubungako bonke bezoqoqosho be- USSR basebenze kumgaqo "yonke into phambili, yonke into yokunqoba". Ukulwa kwaya entshonalanga kwimida yaseSoviet, kodwa kwakukho imfazwe emva. Iitanki, iindiza, izibhamu, iinqanawa, eziza kutyunjwa yi-Wehrmacht, i-Luftwaffe ne-Kriggsmarine, zonke zakhiwe emva.

Abasebenzi, phakathi kwabo bekukho abaninzi abasetyhini kunye nabaselula, abazange bazame ukunika i-Army yaseNtshonalanga yonke into efunekayo, balwa nemfazwe yabo, bememeza kakhulu emingcwabeni kwaye bengadli ngokwaneleyo. Ukunqoba kwiMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic kwaba yimiphumo yemigudu yamagosa, amagosa, amagosa, ama-admirals kunye nabanqwelisi, kodwa nabo bonke abantu baseSoviet. Ngaloo mvo, imfazwe yayisemakhaya ukusuka ngowokuqala ukuya kutsho lokugqibela.

Iinguqu ezintathu - 1955

Ukusayinwa kokunikezelwa kweJamani kwenzeke kwiimeko eziyinkathazo kunye neentloni. Utshaba olutshayayo lwazama ukugcina ukubonakala kwesithunzi, uKeitel wayedumisa nabanqobi nabasebenzi baseMas Marshal. Abambisene nabo bongezelela ukuxhatshazwa, bazama ukugcina iimfuno zabo ze-geopolitical, eziqhelekileyo zendalo. Ukuziphaphama ngokuphazamiseka kwaphazamisa ukuphumelela kweeholide elilindelekileyo. Akumangalisi ukuba kule meko siyilibele malunga nomqulu obaluleke kakhulu, oko kukuthi, isivumelwano soxolo. Iimfa ziphela kwaye ziza ntoni emva? Ewe kunjalo, ihlabathi. Kodwa ayikho into engabonakaliyo, kodwa enye leyo abaphumeleleyo bayavuma. Into eseleyo yokutshatyalaliswa kukuba ukwamkele iimeko ezicetywayo nguye. Ukuphela kweMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic ngo-Meyi 1945 yayinyani, kodwa akukho kubhaliswa kwezomthetho okwenzekayo, kwaqatshelwa nje.

Igatya lomthetho

Sazikhumbula ngokukhawuleza malunga neminyaka elishumi. NgoJanuwari 25, 1955 nguMyalelo we-Presidium ye-USSR Supreme Soviet, isayinwe nguSihlalo we-Presidium ye-Supreme Soviet yase-USSR uK. Voroshilov kunye noNobhala we-Presidium uN. Pegova, imfazwe yaseJamani yashiywa. Ewe, isenzo somthetho sasingumfuziselo, kwaye kwanexesha elona lisohlwayo liye lalingabikho kwimo yayo yasekuqaleni-yahlula yaba ngamaqumrhu amabini, i-FRG kunye ne-GDR, kodwa ootitshala beengcali-mlando babenombuzo ekuzaleni okulandelayo: "Ngomnyaka onjani uMkhulu Imfazwe yasePatriotic ngomgaqo wezomthetho? "Yaye impendulo echanekileyo, engazange yaziwe kubo bonke, yiyo: ngo-1955!

Iminqweno yomthetho namhlanje ayibaluleke kakhulu, ibalulekile kuphela kwabo bazijonga njengengcali kwaye bafuna ukukhangela i-erudition phambi kwabanye. Namhlanje, xa kungenjalo bonke abafundi abaphumelele esikolweni esiphakeme bayazi ukuba ngowuphi unyaka iMfazwe Enkulu yePatriotic iphelile, akunzima kakhulu. Kwiminyaka eminci edlulileyo, kwaziwa bonke abantu. Iimbali zembali ziba ngakumbi kwaye zikude kude nathi, kwaye bambalwa abazibonela ngamehlo abanokuzixelela ngabo. Umhla wokuphela kweMfazwe ePhambili yePatriotic inqunywe kwiincwadi zezifundo, kodwa nazo zihamba ngeenyawo zeemboniso.

Kuyaziwa ukubonakalisa ngamaphiko omnye wabaphathi abaziintloko ukuba ngelixa ibhokisi elithile elifileyo lingangcwatyelwa, imfazwe ayikwazi ukuqwalaselwa. Ngelishwa, lethu ilizwe lilahlekelwe onyana kunye neentombi ezininzi kangangokuba nanamhlanje amaqela okukhangela afumana iindawo zawo zokulwa. Bahanjiswa kwindlela yokugqibela kunye neentlonelo zempi, izihlobo zifunda malunga nexesha looyise kunye noomkhulu, iindudumo zomsindo ... Ngaba sinokuthi onke amajoni awanikela ubomi bawo kwilizwe lawo afumana ukuphumla okufanelekileyo? Oku akunakwenzeka, kodwa kufuneka kulandelwe.